计算机专业英语 -第11章PPT课件

.,达尔文：“未经事先设计的变化”如果碰巧有利于生物体的生存，其变异就会保留下来。否则，则被自然选择所淘汰。,.,Inthecomputerfield,thepersonwhocanadapttochangesincomputertechnologywillbecomeandstayawinner.,.,Chapter11,YourFutureandInformationTechnology,.,Competencies(Page1of2),ExplainwhyitisimportanttohaveanindividualstrategytobeawinnerintheinformationageDescribehowtechnologyischangingthenatureofcompetition,Page432,.,Competencies(Page2of2),DiscussfourwayspeoplereacttonewtechnologyDescribehowyoucanstaycurrentwithyourcareerDescribedifferentcareersininformationtechnology,Page432,.,Introduction,Thisfinalchapterisnotaboutthefarfuture,itsabouttodayandthenearfuture.Itsabouthoworganizationsadapttotechnologicalchangeaswellasitsaboutyouasanindividualandwhatyoucandotokeepyourcomputercompetencyuptodate.,Page433,.,computersupportspecialist(322)Apersonwhoprovidestechnicalsupporttocustomersandotheruserscomputertechnician(322)Apersonwhorepairsandinstallscomputercomponentsandsystemscomputertrainer(322)Apersonwhoinstructsusersonthelatestsoftwareorhardware,.,cryptographer(322)Apersonwhodesigns,tests,andresearchesencryptionproceduresynic(愤世嫉俗者,讽世者)(314)Apersonwhofeelsthattheideaofusingamicrocomputerisoverrated.dataentryworker(数据录入人员）(322)Apersonwhoinputscustomerinformation,lists,andothertypesofdata,.,databaseadministrator(DBA)(322)Apersonwhousesdatabasemanagementsoftwaretodeterminethemostefficientwaystoorganizeandaccessdatadesktoppublisher(322)Apersonwhocreatesandformatspublication-readymaterialfrustrated(315)Apersonwhofeelsitisanimpositiontohavetolearnsomethingneworistooimpatienttotrytounderstandthemanuals.,.,informationsystemsmanager(322)Apersonwhooverseestheworkofprogrammers,computerspecialists,systemsanalysts,andothercomputerprofessionalsnaive(315)Apersonwhofeelsthatcomputersaremagicboxescapableofsolvingallkindsofproblemsthatcomputersreallycanworkadministrator(322)Apersonwhocreatesandmaintainsnetworks,.,proactive（主动）(315)actinginanticipationoffutureproblems,needs,orchangesprogrammer(322)Apersonwhocreates,tests,andtroubleshootscomputerprogramssoftwareengineer(322)Apersonwhoanalyzesusersneedsandcreatesapplicationsoftware,.,systemsanalyst(322)Apersonwhoplansanddesignsinformationsystemstechnicalwriter(322)Apersonwhopreparesinstructionmanuals,technicalreports,andotherscientificortechnicaldocumentsWebmaster(322)ApersonwhodevelopsandmaintainsWebsitesandWebresources,.,ChangingTimes,Page434,Automatedtellers,Internetbanks,.,TechnologyandOrganizations,NewproductsNewenterprisesNewcustomerandsupplierrelationships,Page435,.,TechnologyandPeople,CynicismNaivetFrustrationProactivity,Page436,.,HowYouCanBeaWinner,StaycurrentMaintaincomputercompetencyDevelopprofessionalcontactsDevelopspecialtiesBealertfororganizationalchangeLookforinnovativeopportunities,Page437,.,CareersinIT,ComputersupportspecialistComputertechnicianComputertrainerCryptographerDatabaseadministratorDataentryworkerDesktoppublisher,InformationsystemsmanagerNetworkadministratorProgrammerSoftwareengineerSystemsanalystTechnicalwriterWebmaster,Page444,.,ALooktotheFutureBeProactive,ConcentrateongoalsUsecomputerstoyouradvantageGaincontrolovertechnologyKeepaneyeonthefutureandmovetowardsuccess,Page445,.,DiscussionQuestions(Page1of2),Whyisstrategyimportanttoindividualsuccessintheinformationage?Whatisyourstrategy?Describehowtechnologychangesthenatureofcompetition.Howcanyourcomputercompetenciesandknowledgehelpyougetaheadintodaysmarket?,Page452,.,DiscussionQuestions(Page2of2),Whatdoesproactivemean?Whatisaproactivecomputeruser?Whatadvantagesdoesthistypeofuserhaveovertheothertypes?Discussseveraldifferentcareersininformationtechnology.Whichareofinteresttoyou?,Page452,.,P311-4-,Althoughendusersdonotneedtobespecialistsininformationtechnology,theyshouldbeawareofcareeropportunitiesinthearea.虽然最终用户并不需要成为信息技术专家，他们应该知道在该领域的就业机会。,.,P312-7-,Howdoyoubecomeandstayawinner?Inbrief,theansweris:youmustformyourownindividualstrategyfordealingwithchange.你如何成为并保持赢家？简单来说，答案是：你必须形成应对变化的个性化战略。,.,P313-4-,Justafewyearsago,theonlycomputerconnectivityoptionsavailabletoindividualswerethroughonlineserviceproviderslikeAmericaOnlineandthroughcollegesanduniversities.就在几年前，可供个人的计算机连接唯一选项是通过互联网服务供应商像美国在线和通过高校。,.,P314-15-,Clearly,recenttechnologicalchanges,andthosesuretocomeinthenearfuture,willproducesignificantchangesandopportunitiesintheyearsahead.显然，最近和不久将来的技术变革在未来几年将产生重大的变化和机会。,.,P315-3,Ontheotherhand,somenavepersonsareactuallyquitefamiliarwithcomputersbutunderestimatethedifficultyofchangingcomputersystemsorofgeneratingcertaininformation.另一方面，一些新手其实熟悉电脑，但低估了计算机系统变化或获取某些情报的困难。,.,P315-7,Suchapersonfeelsitisanimpositiontohavetolearnsomethingneworistooimpatienttotrytounderstandthemanualsexplainingwhathardwareandsoftwarearesupposedtodo.这样的人认为这是强加要学习新的东西，或者是太心急去试图了解手册解释硬件和软件都应该做什么。,.,P317-11,Besidesbeingmembersofprofessionalassociations,successfulpeoplemakeitapointtomaintaincontactwithothersintheir.除了专业协会的成员，成功人士通过它与同领域其他人联系。,.,P320-14,Whateverthetrainingrequired,alwayslookforwaystoadaptandimproveyourskillstobecomemoreproductiveandmarketable.任何所需的培训，不断寻求良策以调整和改善自己的技能以变得更具竟争力和适应力。,.,P321-10,Beespeciallyalertfornewtrendswithintheorganizationfuturehiring,layoffs,automation,mergerswithothercompanies,andthelike。要特别留意组织内部未来的雇用，解雇，自动化，与其他公司合并等新趋势。,.,5、Diskcaching6、Internetdrive7、Sector8、Floppy10、Cylinder11、Density,.,1、Track2、RAID3、Accesstime4、Pitsandlands9、Zip,.,1、A2、A3、C4、A5、C6、A7、C8、D9、D10、C,.,1、G2、A3、J4、I5、D6、B7、H8、C9、F10、E,.,Discussthetraditionalandhigh-capacityfloppydisks.Thetraditionalfloppydiskisthe1.44MB31/2-inchdisk.Themostcommontypeislabeled2HD,whichmeans“two-sided,high-density”andhaveacapacityof1.44MB.Floppydiskshaveathinexteriorjacketmadeofhardplastictoprotecttheflexiblediskinside.High-capacitydisks,alsoknownasfloppy-diskcartridges,arerapidlyreplacingthetraditionalfloppydisk.Theyare31/2inchesindiameter,andareabletostoremoreinformation,arethicker,andrequirespecialdiskdrives.,.,Whatarethethreetypesofharddisks?Describethreewaystoimprovehard-diskperformance.Therearethreetypesofharddisks:1、internalharddisk,2、hard-diskcartridge,3、hard-diskpack.Threewaystoimprovetheperformanceofharddisksare1、diskcaching,2、redundantarraysofinexpensivedisks3、filecompression/decompression.,.,Whatarethetwomostcommonopticaldiscformats?Whatishidef?Describethebasictypesforeachformat.ThetwomostcommonopticaldiscformatsareCDandDVD.Thenextgenerationofopticaldisciscalledhidef(highdefinition),withafargreatercapacitythanDVDs.CDs,DVDs,andhidefhavethreebasictypes:readonly,writeonce,andrewriteable.,.,Discusssolid-statestorage,Internetharddrives,andmagnetictape.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeach?Solid-statestoragedeviceshavenomovingparts.Whilethistypeofstorageismoreexpensivethantheothers,itismorereliableandrequireslesspower.InternetharddrivesarespecialservicesitesontheWebthatprovideuserswithstorage.,.,Discussmassstorage,enterprisestoragesystems,andmassstoragedevices.Massstoragereferstothetremendousamountofsecondarystoragerequiredbylargeorganizations.Enterprisestoragesystemsaresystemsthatlargeorganizationsusetopromoteefficientandsafeuseofdataacrossthenetworkswithintheirorganizations.Massstoragedevicesarespecializedhigh-capacitysecondarystoragedevicesdesignedtomeetorganizationaldemandsfordata.,.,5、Basestation7、Analog9、topology10、NIC11、bps12、bluetooth14、bandwidth,.,1、client2、Busnetwork3、Networkgateway4、modulation6、packets8、GPS13、Node15、DSL16、hub,.,1、C2、B3、A4、D5、C6、D7、B8、B9、D10、D,.,1、G2、B3、A4、I5、H6、E7、C8、J9、D10、F,.,Defineanddiscussconnectivity,thewirelessrevolution,andcommunications.Connectivityisaconceptrelatedtousingcomputernetworkstolinkpeopleandresources.Thesinglemostdramaticchangeinconnectivityandcommunicationsinthepastfiveyearshasbeenthewidespreaduseofmobileorwirelesstelephones.Communicationsystemsareelectronicsystemsthattransmitdatafromonelocationtoanother,.,Identifyanddescribethevariousphysicalandwirelesscommunicationchannels.Physical1、Telephonelines.2、Coaxialcable-.3、Fiber-opticcable.Wireless1、Infrared.2、Broadcastradio.3、Microwave.4、Satellite.,.,IdentifythestandardInternetprotocolanddiscussitsessentialfeatures.ThestandardprotocolfortheInternetisTCP/IP.,.,Defineanddiscussthefourprincipalnetworktopologies.Starnetwork.Busnetwork.Ringnetwork.Hierarchicalnetwork.,.,Defineanddiscussthethreemostcommonnetworkstrategies.Terminalnetworksystem,-Client/servernetworksystems-.Peer-to-peernetworksystem,.,3、Malware6、Keystrokelogger7、Snoopware8、Hacker9、Historyfile,.,1、Cookie2、Surgeprotector4、Ergonomics5、Cracker,.,1、A2、A3、D4、B5、B6、C7、D8、C9、B10、D,.,1、G2、H3、F4、A5、B6、C7、J8、I9、B10、E,.,Discusstheimpactoflargedatabases,privatenetworks,theInternet,andtheWebonprivacy.Everyday,dataisgatheredaboutusandstoredinlargedatabases.Avastindustryofdatagatherersknownasinformationresellersorinformationbrokersnowexiststhatcollectsandsellssuchpersonaldata.Usingpubliclyavailabledatabasesandinmanycasesnonpublicdatabases,informationresellerscreateelectronicprofilesorhighlydetailedandpersonalizeddescriptionsofindividuals.,.,Discussthevariouskindsofcomputercriminals.Therearemanytypesofcomputercriminals.Employees:.Outsideusers:.Hackers:.Crackers:.Organizedcrime:.Terrorists:.,.,Whataretheprincipalmeasuresusedtoprotectcomputersecurity?Whatisencryption?Howisitusedbycorporationsandindividuals?Someoftheprincipalmeasurestoprotectcomputersecurityareencryption,restrictingaccess,anticipatingdisasters,andbackingupdata.Encryptionisencodingdatasothatitcannotbereadwithoutakey.Businesseshavebecomesogoodatitthatsomelawenforcementagenciesareunabletowiretapmessagesfromsuspectedcriminals.Individualsalsoareusingencryptionprogramstosafeguardtheirprivatecommunications.,.,Whatisergonomics?Howdoescomputeruseimpactmentalhealth?Physicalhealth?Ergonomicsisdefinedasthestudyofhumanfactorsrelatedtothingspeopleuse.Sittinginfrontofascreeninawkwardpositionsforlongperiodsmayleadtophysicalproblemssuchaseyestrain,headaches,andbackpain.Computingcanbequitenoisy.Voiceinputandoutputcanbedistractingforco-worker.Researchshowsthatworkerswhoseperformanceismonitoredelectronicallysuffermorehealthproblemsthandothosewatchedbyhumansupervisors.Technostressisthetensionthatariseswhenwehavetoadaptunnaturallytocomputersratherthanhavingcomputersadapttous.,.,DescribethebasicelementsoftheGreenPCandwhatyoucandotoprotecttheenvironment.ThebasicelementsoftheGreenPCare:Systemunit:(1)usesanenergy-savingmicroprocessorthatrequiresaminimalamountofpower,(2)employsmicroprocessorandhard-diskdrivesthatshifttoanenergy-savingorsleepmodewhennotinoperation,(3)replacestheconventionalpowersupplyunitwithanadapterthatrequireslesselectricity,and(4)eliminatesthecoolingfan.Display:(1)flatpanelsthatrequirelessenergythanthetraditionalmonitors,(2)specialpower-downmonitorsthatautomaticallyreducepowerconsumptionwhennotinuse,and(3)screen-saversoftwarethatclearsthedisplaywheneveritisnotinuse.Manufacturing:ComputermanufacturerssuchasIntel,Apple,Compaq,andothersareusingfewerharmfulchemicalsinproduction.Particularattentionisgiventochlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)insolventsandcleaningagents.Toxicnickelandotherheavymetalsarebeingeliminatedorreducedinthemanufacturingprocesses.,.,4、Dataentryworker6、ComputerTechnician8、Proactive9、Webmaster10、Systemanalyst11、Technicalwriter12、Cryptographer,.,1、Nave2、Programmer3、Frustrated4、Desktoppublisher5、Computertrainer7、Cynic,.,1、D2、B3、A4、D5、C6、D7、C