新通用大学英语综合教程四 及答案unit05

.,unit05,.,Lesson1,Lesson1,Lesson2,ExtendedExercises,Checkpoint,Agenda,UNITGOALS,1.Politelyasksomeonenottodosomething2.Complainaboutpublicconduct3.Discusssocialresponsibility4.Identifyanddiscussurbanproblems5.Writeaboutpublichealth,.,Lesson1,Lesson1,Lead-in,Listening,Speaking,Reading,Writing,.,1-Lead-in,Lead-in,On-the-StreetInterviews:Ienjoylivinginthecitybecause,ExerciseA,ExerciseB,.,1-ExerciseA,ExerciseA,Circletheletterofthebestchoicetocompleteeachstatement.,1.Chrissayspeopleincitiescanonfirstimpressionseem_thanpeopleinthesuburbs.a.moreintelligentb.ruderc.morestressedout2.Emmalikeslivinginthecitybecause_.a.ofculturaleventsb.ofhershortcommutec.oftheconvenience,.,1-ExerciseA-2,ExerciseA,3.AccordingtoJessica,oneadvantageoflivinginthesuburbsisthat_.a.itsquieterb.peoplearefriendlierc.itslessexpensive4.OneofthereasonsNatalielikeslivinginthecityisthe_.a.cultureb.sociallifec.employmentopportunities5.Jessicathinksthat_.a.lifeinthecityisbetterb.lifeinthesuburbsisbetterc.lifeinboththecityandsuburbsisgood,.,1-ExerciseB,ExerciseB,Answerthequestions,usinginformationfromthevideo.,1.Onanaverageday,whoprobablyseesthemostchildreninherneighborhood?_2.Whocommutesbypublictransportation?_3.Whowouldprobablybehappylivingineitherthecityorthesuburbs?_4.Whowouldprobablychoosetovacationsomewhereotherthanacity?_5.Whoappreciatestheconvenienceofshoppinginthecity?_6.Whothinksthatlifeinthecityismorestressfulthanlifeinthesuburbs?_,Chris,Emma,Natalie,Jessica,Natalie,Emma,.,1-Listening,Listening,Part1,Part2,NewWords,PhrasesandExpressions,.,1-L-Part1,Part1,TalkAboutCityLife,A.SoundBites,B.PairWork,.,1-part-1,A.SoundBites,Readandlistentoaconversationaboutcitylife.,Don:Areyouserious?Kyle:Yeah.Thedriverwasinsuchabighurryhedidntevennotice.Ijustcantkeepupwiththepacehere.Don:Well,youdohavetolearntostayonyourtoesinthecity.Kyle:Itreallygetstomesometimes.IdontthinkIllevergetusedtoit.IguessImjustacountryboyatheart.,Don:Hey,Kyle!Sohowsthebigcitytreatingyou?Kyle:Funnyyoushouldask.Notgreat.Don:Whatdoyoumean?Kyle:Well,onmywayhere,ImcrossingthestreetandthisguyinanSUVturnsthecornerandalmostrunsmeover.,“thecity”,.,1-L-ExerciseBPairWork,B.PairWork,Readtheconversationagain.Withapartner,explainthemeaningofeachofthefollowingstatementsorquestions.,“Sohowsthebigcitytreatingyou?”_2.“Ijustcantkeepupwiththepacehere.”_3.“Youdohavetolearntostayonyourtoes.”_4.“Itreallygetstomesometimes.”_5.“Imjustacountryboyatheart.”_,“thecountry”,Ipreferlivinginthecountry.,Howdoyoulikelivinginthecity?,Thingsmovetoofastformehere.,Youhavetopayattentionandbealertallthetime.,Itbothersmesometimes.,.,1-L-ExerciseBPairWork,B.PairWork,STARTINGPOINTWhataresomeadvantagesanddisadvantagesoflivingineachtypeofplace?Writetheminthechart.,Discussion.Wherewouldyoupreferforliveinthecountry,thecity,orthesuburbs?Why?,cleanair,lowcrime,friendlypeople,lessstress,slowerpace,boring,nojobs,toofarfromgoodhealthcare,convenient,noises,crowded,lessconvenient,friendlypeople,farfromgoodhealthcare,.,1-L-Part2,Part2,DiscussSocialResponsibility,A.Vocabulary,B.PairWork,C.ListeningComprehension,D.Discussion,.,1-part-2-a,A.Vocabulary,Waystoperformcommunityservice.,.,1-L-2ExerciseBPairWork,B.PairWork,Wouldyoueverconsiderdoinganyofthecommunityserviceactivitiesinthevocabulary?Withapartner,explainwhyyouwouldorwouldnot.,“Iwouldneverconsiderdonatingmyorgansbecauseitsagainstmybeliefs.”,.,1-part-2-c,C.ListeningComprehension,Readthequestionsandlistentopart1ofthestoryaboutNicholasGreenandhisfamily.Takenotesonyournotepad.Thensummarizethefirstpartofthestorywithyourpartner.,WhereweretheGreensfrom?WhatweretheydoinginItaly?WhathappenedtoNicholas?Whatdecisiondidhisparentsmake?HowdidtheItalianpeoplereact?,Theywereverymoved.,TheywerefromCaliforniaintheUnitedStates.,Theywereonvacation.,Hewasshotanddied.,Theydecidedtodonatehisorganstopeoplewhoweresick.,NicholasGreen,ageseven,inSwitzerland,afewdaysbeforeheandhisfamilywenttoItaly,.,1-part-2-d,D.Discussion,ReadthequestionsandlistentoPart2.Discussyouranswerswithapartner.,1.WhatchangesoccurredinItalyaftertheGreensmadetheirdecision?Whatis“TheNicholasEffect”?2.HowmanypeoplereceivedoneofNicholassorgans?Whateffectdidhisgifthaveontheirlives?3.Asaresultofthisincident,whataretheGreensdoingtoday?,Theyworktosupportorgandonation.,Peoplestartedtothinkdifferentlyaboutorgandonation.,Thenumberofpeoplewhowerewillingtobecomeorgandonorsincreasedbythreetofourhundredpercent.,Seven.,Onewomanwasabletoseeandtheresthadtheirlivessaved.,.,1-NewWords,NewWords,donatev.givesomethingtoapersonoranorganizationinordertohelpthem捐赠,赠予,.,1-PhrasesandExpressions,PhrasesandExpressions,inabighurry非常匆忙keepupwiththepace跟上节奏、步伐stayononestoe落脚,.,1-speaking,Speaking,PolitelyAskSomeoneNottoDoSomething,A.ConversationSnapshot,B.Grammar,C.RewriteSentences,.,1-speaking,ConversationSnapshot,A:Doyoumindmysmokinghere?B:Actually,smokingkindofbothersme.Ihopethatsnotaproblem.A:Notatall.Icanstepoutside.B:Thatsveryconsiderateofyou.Thanksforasking.Rhythmandintonationpractice,WaystosoftenanobjectionIhopethatsnotaproblem.Ihopeyoudontmind.IhopeitsOK/allright.Idontmeantoinconvenienceyou.,.,1-S-StrategiesforSpeaking,StrategiesforSpeaking,UseDoyoumindtoexpressconcernthatanintendedactionmayoffendUseactuallytoobjectpolitelyUseexpressionssuchasIhopethatsnotaproblemtosoftenanobjectionSayNotatalltoindicateawillingnesstocomply,ConversationSnapshot,.,1-S-BGrammar,B.Grammar,Possessiveswithgerunds.,.,1-S-C,C.RewriteSentences,Combinethetwostatements,usingapossessivewithagerund.,Example:Theyallowsmoking.Imnotinfavorofit.Imnotinfavoroftheirallowingsmoking.,Imreallyannoyedbymybrotherslittering.,1.HeplayshisMP3playerinthelibrary.Idontappreciatethat._2.Theysmokecigarsinthecar.Mymotherobjectstoit._3.Shestalkingonhercellphone.Wedontmindit._4.Mybrotherlitters.Imreallyannoyedbyit._,IdontappreciatehisplayinghisMP3playerinthelibrary.,Mymotherobjectstotheirsmokingcigarsinthecar.,Wedontmindhertalkingonhercellphone.,.,1-Reading,Reading,TextA,TextB,VocabularyExercise,VocabularyActivity,.,TextA,TextA,Warm-up,Text,Exercises,.,Warm-up,Warm-up,1.Doyouliketoliveinabigcity?Whyorwhynot?2.Whatistheidealbigcitylikeinyourmind?Pleasedescribeit.,.,texta-1,TextA,Canberra:APlannedCityAreplannedcitiestoosterile?NotaccordingtomostpeoplewholiveinorvisitCanberra,Australia.Withapopulationofjustover323000,itisnotamegacitybutitisAustraliaslargestinlandcityanditscapital.Opinionsoftheentirelyplannedcityciteplentyofprosandnotalotofcons.AccordingtothetravelguideLonelyPlanet,itis“apicturesquespotwithbeautifulgalleriesandmuseums,aswellasexcellentrestaurants,bars,andcafes.”Oneoftheworldsgreenestcities,Canberraissurroundedbynaturereserves,andagreatdealofcitylandwassetasideforparksandgardens.Canberraisproofthatwithproperplanningtheenvironmentcanbepreservedindenselypopulatedcitiesandtowns.,.,texta-2,TextA,Asaresultofcarefulplanning,Canberraoffersthebenefitsofcitylivingwithouttheurbanproblemssuchaspollutionandtraffic.NotonlydoesCanberrahavecleanairandwaterandgoodroads,butitalsohasaffordablehousing(cheaperthanSydneyorMelbourne)andanabundanceofhealth-carefacilities.AstheseatofAustraliasgovernment,Canberrahaslowunemploymentandhigheducationandincomelevels.Itisarelativelysafecity,withnomurdersreportedinthe1999/2000financialyear.Canberrashowsthatplannedcitiescanbegreatplacestoliveandwork.,Canberraalsohasexcellentinfrastructure.Withwideroadsthatuseroundabouts,ratherthantrafficlights,toregulatetheflowoftraffic,thecityofferstheshortestaveragecommutetimesinAustralia.Mostcityroadsalsohavebikelanes,makingcyclinganimportantformoftransportationinCanberra.,.,abundance,abundance,n.alargequantityofsomething充裕，丰富Thecarpetsareavailableinabundance.Thetreeyieldsanabundanceoffruit.,.,picturesque,picturesque,adj.aplacethatispicturesqueisprettyandinteresting风景如画的Weheardthattherewasapicturesquevillagenearby.Hedescribedpicturesquerockyshoresinhisnovel.,.,sterile,sterile,adj.landthatcannotbeusedforgrowingcrops贫瘠的Thesterilesoilcannotbeusedforgrowingcrops.Thelargesterilelandmadelifehardhere.,.,Exercises,Exercises,ExerciseA,ExerciseB,.,ExercisesA,ExerciseA,Checkwhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).,1.Canberrasuffersfromalackofcultureandentertainment.2.TransportationisaprobleminCanberra.3.Canberrahashighlevelsofpollution.4.HousingisnotaproblemformostpeopleinCanberra.5.AhighpercentageofpeopleinCanberracannotfindwork.6.CrimeislowinCanberra.,F,F,F,T,F,T,.,ExercisesB,ExerciseB,listoneaspectoflifeinCanberrathatappealstoyou.Explainyouranswer.,.,TextB,TextB,Warm-up,Text,ComprehensionExercises,.,TB-Warm-up,Warm-up,Whatproblemsdoyouthinkcitiesof10millionormorepeoplemightshare?Discussandshareyouropinionwithyourpartner.,.,textb-1,TextB,Q.Howdoyoudefine“megacity”?A.Wedefinemegacitiesinourworkascitiesthathavereachedpopulationsof10millionormore.Themajorityoftheseareindevelopingcountries.Migrationtothecityistherouteformanypeopletogreaterchoice,opportunity,andwell-being.Bycomingtosettleinthecity,theyhaveineffect“votedwiththeirfeet.”Q.Whyaretheseplacesgoingtobeveryimportantinthenexthundredyears?A.The21stcenturywontbeacenturyofruralareasandsmalltownsbutofgiantcitiesthatwillsetthestandardofhowwelive,howourenvironmentispreserved(ornotpreserved),howoureconomieswork,andwhatkindofcivilsocietywedevelop.Q.Domegacitiesinthedevelopedanddevelopingworlddiffer,oraretheylinkedbycertainsimilarities?,TheAdventoftheMegacityFollowingisaninterviewwithDr.JanicePerlman,founderandpresidentofMega-CitiesProject,Inc.Herorganizationattemptstomakecitiesworldwidemorelivableplacesbytakinggoodideasfromoneplaceandtryingtomakethemworkinanother.,MexicoCityover18million(2005),.,textb-2,TextB,Inaddition,allmegacitiessharetheproblemsofprovidingjobsandeconomicopportunities,andmakinghousing,education,andhealthcareavailable.Theydealwithcrimeandviolence,aswellasbasicinfrastructuresuchaswater,sanitation,andpublictransportation.Thisisnoeasytask.Theleadersofthesecitiesrecognizethattheyhavesimilarproblems,andtheywouldliketolearnmorefromothercities,particularlyaboutsuccessfulsolutions.Ifwearegoingtocreatelivablecitiesforthenextcentury,wewillneedtobecleverenoughtodoitthroughcollaborationandcooperation.ThatiswhytheMega-CitiesProjectworkstoshareexperiencesthatworkacrossboundariesofcultureandgeography.,A.Theselargecitieshavealotmoreincommonwitheachotherthantheydowiththesmalltownsandvillagesintheirowncountries.Forexample,everymegacitystruggleswithawideninggapbetweenrichandpoor.Every“first-world”city,suchasLosAngeles,NewYork,London,orTokyo,haswithinita“third-world”cityofpovertyanddeprivation.Andeverythirdworldcity,suchasCalcutta,Cairo,orMexicoCity,haswithinitafirst-worldcityofhighculture,technology,fashion,andfinance.,Tokyoover28million(2005),.,textb-3,TextB,Q.Isthesolutiontourbanproblemsstrictcentralplanning?A.Absolutelynot.Weneeddecentralizedplanningthatincludeslocalcitizens.Inmyview,attemptstocreateplannedcitiesorcommunitieslikeBrasliaorChandigarharetoosterileandmissthespontaneityofcitiesthatgreworganically,likeRiodeJaneiro,Bombay,orevenNewYorkCity.ThebestexampleofurbanplanningIveseenrecentlyisinCuritiba,Brazil,whichsetupabrilliantpublictransportationsysteminanticipationofpopulationgrowth.ThehistoricareasofcitieslikeSiena,Paris,orBarcelonaallhaveelementsofplanningthatledtobuildingsofsimilarheightsandarchitecture,buttheywerenotcentrallyplanned.Thereisalotofdiversitywithinthedesign,andpeoplelovetogotothosecities.,Megacitiesarereallyveryexcitingplaces.Thetruthis,IvenevermetamegacitythatIdidntlike!,Source:U.N.DepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsPopulationDivision,.,advent,advent,n.thetimewhensomethingfirstbeginstobewidelyused出现;来临Now,withtheadventandpopularityofthehomecomputer,itsadvantagesanddisadvantageshavebeenasubjectofdiscussion.Sincetheadventofjetaircraft,travelhasbeenspeededup.,.,decentralize,decentralize,n.movepartsofagovernment,organization,etc.fromonecentralplacetoseveraldifferentsmallerones分散；下放Manyfirmsaredecentralizingpartsoftheiroperations.Thiscountryisdecentralizingamuseumintodifferentparts.,.,sanitation,sanitation,n.theprotectionofpublichealth卫生,环境卫生Sanitationisakindofformulationandapplicationofmeasuresdesignedtoprotectpublichealth.Citysanitationisveryimportanttothemanagementofbigcities.,.,well-being,well-being,n.feelingofbeingcomfortable,healthyandhappy舒适；健康；幸福Weareresponsibleforthecareandwell-beingofpatients.Peoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontothesenseofwell-being.,.,attemptto,attemptto,试图；企图Heattemptedtocontroltheinflation,butfailed.Theprotectorsattemptedtoresistarrest.,.,inonesview,inonesview,从某人的观点来看Inhisview,aidtotherebelsshouldbesuspended.Intheteachersview,itisthebestcomposition.,.,TB-ComprehensionExercises,ComprehensionExercises,ExerciseA,ExerciseB,.,TB-ExercisesA,ExerciseA,Checkwhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).,1.AccordingtoDr.JanicePerlman,mostmegacitiesarelivableplacesforpeople.()2.Settlinginthecitymeansgreaterchoice,opportunityandwell-beingtopeople.()3.Largecitieshavenothingincommonwitheachother.()4.Allmegacitiessharetheproblemingettingemployment,housing,educationandhealthcare.()5.Accordingtotheinterviewee,mostmegacitiesareindevelopedcountry.()6.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthatnearlyallmegacitieswerenotdecentralized.()7.Leadersofmegacitieshaverealizedthesimilarproblemsandbegantolearnmorefromeachother.()8.AccordingtoDr.JanicePerlman,shehatesmegacities.(),F,T,F,T,F,T,T,F,.,TB-ExercisesB,ExerciseB,Discussion,1.WhydoesDr.Perlmansayshepreferscitiesthatarenotplannedoverplannedcities?_2.WhydoyouthinkDr.Perlmanthinksmegacitiesareexciting?Doyouagree?_3.Doyouliveinamegacity,orhaveyouevervisitedone?Whataretheprosandconsoflivinginamegacity?_4.Doyouthinklifeinmegacitieswillimproveinthefutureorgetworse?Why?_,Answerswillvary.,Answerswillvary.,Answerswillvary.,Answerswillvary.,.,1-VocabularyExercises,VocabularyExercise,Fillintheblanksinthefollowingsentenceswiththewordschosenfromthebox.Changetheformswherenecessary.,1.Thereisastrong_betweenpopulationgrowthandtheincreaseinwhatarecalledgreenhousegases.2.The_oftheWebasaresearchtoolhasgreatlyexpandedtheavailabilityofinformationwhilereducingtheamountoftimeneededoneachtask.3.Lifeismadeup,notofgreatsacrificesorduties,butoflittlethings,inwhichsmilesandkindness,andsmallobligationswinand_theheart.4.Itis_essentialforalltheapplicantstobeinterviewedonebyone.5.Winfreystalentforpublicperformanceand_inansweringquestionshelpedherwinfame.,linkadventpreserveabsolutelyspontaneitywell-beinggapcollaborationanticipationelement,spontaneity,link,advent,preserve,absolutely,.,1-VocabularyExercises,VocabularyExercise,6.Post-retirementemploymentappearstobebeneficialforthepsychological_ofthosewhohaveretired.7.Thegovernmentwillhavetoraisetaxestoplugthe_betweenrevenueandspending.8.Scientistshopetheworkdonein_withotherresearchersmaybeduplicatedelsewhere.9.Thearchitectandthedecoratortrytosustainandincreasethisexcitementand_asthespectatormovesthroughthetheater.10.Thesinglemostimportant_thatseparatesordinaryphotographsfromgoodphotographsisthelighting.,linkadventpreserveabsolutelyspontaneitywell-beinggapcollaborationanticipationelement,element,well-being,gap,collaboration,anticipation,.,1-VocabularyActivity,VocabularyActivity,Matchthenameofthecitywiththecountry,whichitbelongsto.,A.Tokyoa.BritainB.Brasiliab.FranceC.Bombayc.BrazilD.MexicoCityd.IndiaE.LosAngelese.EgyptF.Barcelonaf.MexicoG.Cairog.UnitedStatesH.Parish.SpainI.Londoni.Japan,.,1-Writing,Writing,FormalLetters,Step1Prewriting,Step2Writing,Step3Self-Check,Step4PeerResponse,.,1-Writing,ComplainAboutaProblem,Formalletters,.,1-Step1Prewriting,Step1Prewriting.Listingideas.,Thinkofaprobleminyourcommunitythatyouwouldliketocomplainabout.Listreasonswhyitisaproblem.,.,1-Step2Writing,Step2Writing,Onaseparatesheetofpaper,useyournotestowritealetterofcomplaint.Statewhatyouintendtodoorwhatyouwouldliketoseedone.Remembertousetheappropriatelevelofformality.,.,1-Step3Self-Check,Step3Self-Check,Didyouusethepropersalutationandclosing?Arethetoneandlanguageintheletterappropriatefortheaudience?Didyouuseregularspellingandpunctuationandavoidabbreviations?,.,1-Step4PeerResponse,Step4PeerResponse,Exchangeletterswithapartner.Writeanappropriateresponsetoyourpartnersletter,asifyouwerethepersontowhomitwasaddressed.,.,Lesson2,Lesson2,Listening,Speaking,Reading,Writing,.,2-Listening,Listening,TalkAboutLivingintheCityListentotheconversationtwiceandthendothefollowingexercises.,ExerciseA,ExerciseB,PhrasesandExpressions,.,2-part-a,ExerciseA,Checkwhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).,1.Mattthinkspeoplesbehaviorinthecityisunacceptableattimes.()2.ItreallybugsSandrawhenpeoplebumpintoheronthestreet.()3.Mattthinkscitypeopleareimpoliteanddiscourteous.()4.Mattthinksitisinconsideratewhenpeoplelitter.()5.Mattdoesnotmindwhenpeopletalkloudlyontheircellphones.(),T,F,T,T,F,.,2-part-b,ExerciseB,Listentotheconversationandcircletheletterofthecorrectanswer.,1.Mattisupto_.a.planatriptovisithisgrandparentsinthecountryb.goabroadc.getawayfromcity2.Mattisa_atheart.a.cityboyb.countryboyc.cowboy3.Mattissadbecause_.a.peopl