非谓语动词讲解Nonfinite Verbs

非谓语动词讲解,NonfiniteVerbs,非谓语动词,动名词(doing),分词,现在分词(doing),过去分词(done),动词不定式（todo）,4,英语一句话中只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：加连词（and/but/so）放入从句变为非谓语动词,主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语,判别用谓语动词或非谓语动词,1._thedogcameover,ourfriendranaway.(see)2._fromthetopofahill,andyoullfindthecitymorebeautiful.(see)3._you_thecityfromthetopofahill,youllfinditmorebeautiful.(see)4._moreclearly,theycameupandgotclosetoit.5._fromthetopofahill,ourhouselookslikeacar.,Seeing,See,If,see,Tosee,根据句子结构判断是非谓语动词还是谓语动词,一个句子（包括主句和从句）通常有一个谓语动词（and可以并列连接两个谓语动词），分析句子:如果句子中没有谓语动词，填上谓语动词（注意时态和语态），如果句子中已经有谓语动词，则考虑用非谓语动词（注意判别是动词不定式、现在分词、动名词还是过去分词）,Seen,1.Shegotoffthebus,_(leave)herhandbagonherseat.2.Shegotoffthebus,but_(leave)herhandbagonherseat.3.Shegotoffthebus,who_(leave)herhandbagonherseat.4._totheright,andyouwillfindthebuildingyouwant.(turn)5.Ifyou_totheright,youwillfindthebuildingyouwant.6._totheright,youwillfindthebuildingyouwant.,left,left,leaving,Turn,turn,Turning,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。,由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。,Themantookoutthekey,_(open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthere,_(read)abook.3._(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.5._(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.,opened,reading,Work,discussed,Toimprove,1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.,表语,2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.,宾语补足语,3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.,宾语,谓语,宾语,主语,定语,连系动词,划分句子成分,非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等.,Part1To-infinitive,动词不定式（TheInfinitive）,一.动词不定式的基本构成：,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.,不定式时态的用法,1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，或之后发生用一般式1)Hewanted_(see)you.2)Ihope_(see)youagain.2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行式WhenIcamein,hepretended(read)abook.Heissaidto_(write)anovelnow.3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成式Heissaid_(write)anovellastyear.,tosee,tosee,tobereading,tohavewritten,bewriting,不定式被动形式的用法当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时（即逻辑主语与不定式动作为动宾关系时），用被动语态Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.Thebookissaid_(translate)intoEnglish.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeeting_(hold)tomorrow.Iamverypleased_(give)thisopportunity.Sheasked_(send)toworkinTibet.Noonelikes_(laugh)at.,tobesent,tohavebeentranslated,tobeheld,她要求被派往西藏工作,tohavebeengiven,tobelaughed,TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames_inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld,-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft,动词不定式（TheInfinitive）,二.动词不定式的句法作用法,动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语，独立成分,1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.Imgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou.,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,Discussion:说出不定式在句中的成分.,(1)作主语,不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,Toseeistobelieve,Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It+takessb+sometime+todo,Ittakesusanhour_gettherebybus.,句型2：It+be+n.+todo,Itsourduty_helpthepoor.,Itisagreatenjoyment_spendourholidayinthemountains,to,to,to,句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.,Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth,（是形容人的品质的）,（是形容事物的性质的）,Itiseasy_metofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itishonorable_ustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.,Itisverykind_youtogivemesomehelp.Itsimpolite_youtospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.,youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,非谓语动词讲解,for,for,of,of,A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.,B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.Itsunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.Itswrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.ItswrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.,有些动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：,(2)作宾语,Iwanttoknowthismatter.,Idontexpecttomeetyouhere.,1).,接不定式做宾语,决心学会想希望设法假装在拒绝主动答应选计划同意请求帮一帮,decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,manage,pretend,refuse,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask,help,此外，fail,need,wouldlike/love,happen,afford,aim,prepare,cantwaittodo,beusedtodo,beabletodo,Eg:ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.,Ihappenedtobethere,Iwouldliketogoswimmingthisweekend.,Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting,Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim,注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。,句型：S+find/think/feel/make/consider/believe.+it+adj/n+todosth.,翻译：1.我们认为早点开始是有必要的。2.我觉得保护环境是我们的责任。3.我认为遵守法律是重要的。4.我发现在一天之内完成这么多家庭作业是不可能的。,1.Wethoughtitnecessarytostartearly.2.Ifeelitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.3.Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaw.5.Ifinditimpossibletofinishsomuchhomeworkinaday.,注意：2).it作形式宾语,1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性),_(do)twothingsatatimeistodoneither,一次做两件事等于未做。,_(see)istobelieve.,百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）,2)系动词be,appear,seem,prove后用todo形式做表语；betodo,beabouttodo结构表将来时:HeistomarryRose.We_thelargefactory.我们计划去参观那个大型工厂。Iwasjustabout_(leave)theofficewhenthephonerang.Hiswordsproved_(correct).Thegirlseems_(be)unhappy.,Todo,Tosee,tobecorrect,3）作表语,tobe,toleave,aretovisit,Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.,3)当句子的主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan，problem,wish,task,job,purpose,thing等为中心的名词时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。,作表语,MyjobistoteachEnglish.Mywishistobeadoctor.,他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。,Hiswishis_(buy)acarinthenearfuture.,tobuy,最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染,Themostimportantthingis_(take)measurestopreventthepollution.,totake,注:作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。,Nowtheonlythingwecandoiswait.,4）作定语,eg.1.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.2.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.3.ThenexttraintoarriveisfromBeijing.4.Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.,不定式做定语时一般表将要发生的动作。,5.Shemadeadecisiontogoabroadforayear.6.Hisplantofinishhishomeworkwasquiteclear.7.Ivenotimetolistentoyourexcuse.,例句5.6.7不表示将要做。,Heisthemantoseeyou.,Pleasefindmesomethingtodrink.Iamverythirsty.,Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.,动词不定式做定语时,应放在被修饰词(名词或代词)的后面，它和被修饰词之间有三种关系:主谓、动宾和同位.,作定语,主谓关系,动宾关系,同位关系,不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系,Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.,当不定式表示的动作与所修饰词有动宾关系，同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词(即句子的主语)构成主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式todo表示被动含义。如：1)Mr.Smith，Ihavesomequestions_(ask).史密斯先生，我有一些问题要问。(不定式toask的动作执行者是主语I)2)Pleasegivemesomebooks_(read).请给我一些书读。(不定式toread的动作执行者是句中的me)但：Imgoingtothepostoffice;doyouhaveanything_(send)？3)Thehouses_(build)nextyeararefortheteachers.,toask,toread,tobesent,tobebuild,我要去邮局，你有什么要寄的东西吗？(此句中send这个动作不是句中you发出的，所以用了被动),不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(区别主被动）比较：havesomeclothestowashhavesomeclothestobewashed,Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.,早上他有很多工作要做。,非谓语动词讲解,自己洗,别人洗,Imhungry.Pleasegetmesomething_(eat).Thosewhohavequestions_(ask)putupyourhands.Thebooks_(send)tothepoormountainareasnextweekhavebeenhere.,toeat,4.Hetoldmeaboutthethings_(discuss)atthenextmeeting.5.Wehaveacomposition_(write).6.Hehasalotofwork_(do)today,sohecantgowithus.7.Theyhavepaidforthehouse_(build)nextyear.,toask,tobesent,todo,towrite,tobediscussed,tobebuilt,Practice:1.Ihavealargehouseto_.(live)2.Pleasegivemesomepaperto_.(write)3.Canyougivemeachairto_?(sit)4.Heislookingforaroom_(live).5.Pleasegivemeaknife_(cut).6.Theresnothingto_.(worry)7.Hehasapento_.(write)8.Thereare5pairsofshoesto_.(choose),livein,writeon,siton,注意:如果不定式部分的动词是不及物动词,且与被修饰的名词是动宾关系时,则需带上相应的介词,tolivein,tocutwith,worryabout,writewith,choosefrom,1.Wearelookingforaroom_.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）,towriteon,towritewith,Practice,2）不定式与被修饰的词有主谓关系Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.,注意：不定式修饰的名词前有theonly，thelast，thenext，序数词(first,second,.)或形容词最高级形容时，常用不定式作后置定语,与其所修饰的词有逻辑上主谓关系,CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.,Sheisthebestwomantodothejob.,这样的名词常用的有：way,time,ability,chance，reason，opportunity，need，wish，right，plan,ambition,effort,等。如1.Itstimeforyou_upandgotoschool.你该起床去上学了。2.Thereisnoreason_hisword.没有理由怀疑他的话。3.Theyhavenowanopportunity_abroadtostudyfurther.他们现在有机会出国深造。4.Thefarmersthoughtofways_(protect)theircrops.,3）不定式与所修饰词的有同位关系（前抽象后具体），即不定式短语说明前面名词或代词的内容。Ihavenochancetogothere.,toget,todoubt,togo,toprotect,Exercises:,Youhavenoright_(stop)mefromgoinginthere.Therearenoplans_(build)newoffices.Thelocalclubsaremakingeveryeffort_(interest)moreyoungpeople.Thereisnoneedforyou_(get)upearlytomorrow.Shewastheonlyperson_(survive)aftertheearthquake.6.Thelastman_thesinkingshipwasthecaptain.A.toleaveB.leavingC.leftD.tohaveleft,tostop,tobuild,tointerest,toget,tosurvive,7.Hiswish_adoctorcametrue.A.comingB.comeC.tocomeD.came8.Heisalwaysthefirst_andthelast_.A.ofcoming,ofleavingB.comes,leavesC.tocome,toleaveD.coming,leaving,(4)某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语。如：1.HemadeanattempttolearnEnglishwell.他试图学好英语。(attempttodosth)2.Hisabilitytogetonwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.他能和人相处是他的主要优势。(beabletodosth)3.Idonttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.我不相信他来访的诺言。(promisetodosth),5）作宾补,Sheaskedmetostaythere.,1.她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。,PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.,通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里:Verb+sb/sth+todosth(宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系),3.他要求我与他一起工作。,Herequiredmetoworkwithhim.,advise,allow,askbeg,cause（促使）,expect,encourage,force，forbidget,help,invite,order,promise,permit,persuaderequest,require,remind，tell,teachwish,want,warn,sb.todo,Verb+sb/sth+todosth,seewatchlookatnoticeobservehearlistentofeel,+,sb/sth,+,dodoingdone,makelethave,Verb+sb/sth+todosth,吾看三室两厅一感觉半帮助,help+sb+(to)dosth,Ioftenhearthemsingthissong.,Didyounoticeanyonecomein?Iwouldhavehimwaitformeforalongtime.,注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：,Heisoftenheard_thesong,Hewasseen_theroom.,tosing,toenter,理解：Isawsomeonecomein.Isawsomeonecomingin.,我看到有人进来了。（已进来）,我看到有人正往里来（正在走）,理解：Isawsomeonecomein.Isawsomeonecomingin.Hehadhishorse_(jump)overthefence.Theladywaswatched_(leave)herroomsilence.Hemadetheboy_(clean)room.Didyounoticeanyone_(enter)myroom?Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhislittlesister.,8.Lastnightthegirlswereheard_(sing)intheclassroom.9.Thelocalpeopleweremade_(leave).10.Somechildrenwereobserved_(pick)theflowers.,我看到有人进来了。（已进来）,我看到有人正往里来（正在走）,jump,toleave,clean,enter,cry,tocry,tosing,toleave,topickup,括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。1.Letme_(help)you_(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehissister_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhissister.4.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy_outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlookC.dontlookD.notlook,help,(to)water,cry,tocry,tobetaken,1.让，使havesb.dosth.=get让某人做某事havesth.done让某事被做例：Ihavehim_(repair)mywatch.=Ihavemywatch_(repair).havesb./sth.doing让某人或某事一直进行某动作或保持某状态例：Ihadmycarwaitingoutside.Iwonthaveyousmoking.,比较have的用法,repair,repaired,Ihadhim_(repair)mybike.=Igothim_(repair)mybike.2.Itistoocold,sowehavethefire_（burn)allnightlong.3.Shehasameeting_.(attend)4.Hehadme_(wait)foralongtime.,repair,torepair,burning,waiting,toattend,sb.todosth.,2.有havesth.todo有某事要做,6.作状语,表示目的、原因、结果,IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtohearthenewsHehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.,(目的),(原因),(结果),1）不定式做目的状语，相当于用inorderto，soasto引导的目的状语。Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.,我呆在那儿想看看发生了什么。,Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.,为了得到一个好座位，她早早就到了。,Toget/Inordertogetagoodseat,shearrivedearly.,掌握含有目的状语的几种句式：Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.=Hegotupearly_catchthefirstbus.=_,hegotupearly.=_thefirstbus,hegotupearly.=Hegotupearly_hecouldcatchthefirstbus.=Hegotupearly_catchthefirstbus.=Hegotup_catchthefirstbus.注：1、soastodo结构不能放于句首；2、inordertodo结构，可以与inorderthat目的状语从句转换,Tocatchthefirstbus,Inordertocatch,soasto,soearlyasto,inorderthat,inorderto,作结果状语,Hebentdown_(pick)thepenlyingonthefloor.Hebentdownand_(pick)thepenlyingontheground.Theteacherdidwhatshecould_mewithmylessons.A.helpB.helpsC.helpedD.tohelp4.Thedoctordideverythinghecould_(save)thepatient.5.Everyminuteismadefulluseof_(study)ourlessons.6._thefirstbus,hegotupearly.A.TokeepupB.SoastokeepupC.KeepupD.Inorderkeepup,topick,picked,tosave,tostudy,2)不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enoughto，so+形容词/副词+asto，suchasto,too.to（太而不能（否定含义），onlyto结构中不定式作结果状语,其中onlyto用于表示意想不到的结果。,Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.,我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。,Heisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnight,Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.,Hecamelatetwiceaweek,makinghisbossangry.,现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果,我不至于愚蠢到再相信他。,Imnotsostupid(afool)astobelievehimagain.Imnotsuchastupidfoolastobelievehimagain.,掌握tooto的不同含义。be+形容词（副词+enoughtodosth.“足以以至于可以干tootodosth.太而不能（否定含义）too+willing/ready/glad/anxioustodosth.等时，too的意思是very的意思，此时是肯定含义“非常乐意做某事/非常着急想做某事Thequestionissimpleenoughforustoanswer.Thequestionistoodifficultfortoanswer.3.Theyoungmanistoowillingtodotheoldlivingaroundhere.,这个问题够简单的，我们能回答上来。,这个问题太难了，我们回答不了。,这位年轻人非常愿意为住在这儿周围的老人做点事。,4.Theyseemedtobetooanxioustoleave.,他们似乎太着急而想赶快离开。,1.Iamgladtomeetyou.2.Iwassurprisedtoseethatathree-year-oldbabycouldwritesowell.3.Theroomisreallycomfortabletolivein.,3)有些表示感情色彩的形容词(glad,happy,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,pleased,sad,sorry,comfortable,difficult,easy,等)+不定式结构作原因状语,7.作独立成分,用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释,如tobefrank/honest(坦白地说),tobesure(确实),tomakethematterworse(更糟糕的是),tobeginwith(首先)等。,Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.Totellthetruth,Idontagreewithyou.,8）其他用法：不定式与疑问词who，which，what，how，when，where等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语或宾语等。1.Hedidntknowwhattosay.2.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.3.Whentoholdthemeetingisstillunknown.4.Theytoldmewhattodonext.5.Myquestioniswhentostart.6.Theyareconsideringwheretogonext.,（宾语）,（主语）,（宾语）,（宾语）,（表语）,1.你能告诉我该如何解决这个问题吗？Couldyoutellme_theproblem.2.我们想知道下周我们去哪里?Wewonder_nextweek.3.Wehavenoideaaboutwhat_(do)next.4.Shegaveussomeadviceon_(learn)foreignlanguage.（如何去学）5.Thereisntanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydontknow_(该选哪个).,howtosolve,wheretogo,todo,howtolearn,whichtochoose,B.常跟疑问词+不定式的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explainknow,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihopeyoulladvisemewhattodo.,Idontknowhowtogetthere.,Ihaventdecidedwhethertogoorstay.,Part2Bareinfinitive,不定式在一些动词后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to.但这种句子如果变为被动结构,to要补上.,省略现象小结1,五看,watch,see,lookat,observe,notice,常见动词有:,三使,let,make,have,二听,listento,hear,一感觉:,feel,动词用法很多,要努力记哟!,半帮助：,help,“前有do,后无to;前无do,后有to”.1.不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.2.不定式在系动词后作表语时,当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。,Practice:(1).Shecoulddonothingbut_(cry).Shecouldsaynothingbut_(cry)Ihavenochoicebut_(cry)(2).WhatIwanttodonowis_(find)somebookstoread.,省略现象小结2,cry,tocry,(to)find,tocry,在固定词组和句型中省略to,省略现象小结3,Practice:Youdbetternot_(do)it.Theywouldrather_(try)andfailthan_(giveup)theplan.,常见的固定搭配有:1.hadbetterdo/hadbetternotdo2.wouldratherdosth.thandosth.prefertodosthratherthandosth3.cannotbutdosth./canthelpbutdosth不得不-cantchoosebutdosth只得4.whynotdosth?表建议,do,try,giveup,比较：canthelpdoingsthcanthelptodosth,在and,or,than,ratherthan等词连接两个不定式并列在一起时,第二个不定式的to可以省略,省略现象小结4,Ipromisetofinishmyhomeworkandhanditontime.Doyouwanttogoshoppingorwatchafilm.Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone.,注：当两个不定式表对比意义或加强语气，第二个to不省为好。,Itiseasiertosaythantodo.Togooutortostayhomeisuptoyou.,YesterdayIdidnothingbut_(watch)TV.Hewantednothingbut_(enjoy)himselfatthemoment.Atlasttheenemysoldiershadnochoicebut_(lay)downtheirguns.Wecannotchoosebut_(hear).Boddidnothingexcept_(play)tennis.Wehadnothingtodoexcept_(fight)againstthepollution.Ithadnoeffectexcept_(make)himangry.,watch,toenjoy,tolay,hear,play,fight,tomake,另：nothingbut仅仅，只不过,只有Iwantnothingbutthebestformychildren.Yourenothingbutathief.,我只是想给我的孩子们最好的。,你只不过是个小偷。,非谓语动词讲解,动词不定式省略to词组hadbetter,wouldrather,hadrather,ratherthan,cant(help)but,mightaswell（不妨）Letsfinishtheworktodayratherthan_(leave)itofftilltomorrow.句型WhynotWhynotjoinus?在介词but,except,besides前面的结构中，有行为动词do,choose(do/choosebutdosth.其它动词buttodosth.)Ididnothingbut_(wait)foryou.Thereseemednothingelsetodobut_(wait)foryou.Icouldntchoosebut_(wait).Ihadnochoicebut_(wait)foryou.,wait,wait,towait,wait,leave,注意,作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。,A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?,Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).,B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,模拟训练：,1.Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.A.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo,3.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake4.-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff5.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned6.Noteverybodyhastheabilityinpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak7.Maryisalwaysthefirststudenttoanswertheteachersquestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen,8.Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting9.Wetumbrellasarenotallowedintothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.tak