2016高考七选五解题步骤与技巧

阅读理解专题之“七选五”解题步骤与技巧,THINGSTHATWEMUSTKNOW:,1.考察方式：给出一篇缺少5个句子的短文和7个选项。要求考生根据文章内容，选出正确的句子填入相应空白处。有两个多余选项。2.考纲解读：主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）3.选材特点：短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右。4.设空类型,主旨句（标题类，主题句类）过渡性句子（文章结构）细节注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）,二、命题规律及考察趋势：,解题步骤：（在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。),1.先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题,然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。（一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数词）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。）2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。,细节类题型解题技巧,ThescientistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatlyOurbodieshavenotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses72SotheyarecalleddiseasesofcivilizationManycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.AStoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelife.BButtoday,weenjoyeatingalotofthese.CInthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.DAncientpeoplealsogotlotsofphysicalexercise.EThesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.FPeopletodayprobablydontwanttolivelikeourancestors.GModernpeopleusedtosufferfromdiseasesofcivilization.,sicknesses,sicknesses,E,同词复现,Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludeday-to-dayopportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld._Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromonesschool,family,Thefollowingareitsadvantages.B.However,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.C.Consideradistanceeducation.D.Mostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.,However,?,反义词复现,Dontfearpeople_.Thereasonmostpeopledonttakerisks,orliveontheedgeisthefearofwhatothersmightthinkofthem.Ifyouwanttolivethelifeyoutrulydeserve,youmustgiveuptheneedtobelikedbyeverybody.A.FocusonyourowntalentsandstrengthsB.Neverletothersopinionsguideyourchoices.C.Stayfearlessineverythingyouwillhavetodo.,派生词复现,C,Summary:七选五解题技巧1：词汇复现复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。,Everybodygetsstressedtimetotime.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives.72Theymighthavehadsimilarproblemssuchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.C.DifferentpeoplefeelstressindifferentwaysE.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddontforgetaboutyourfriends.,可以相信的人=父母+亲戚+朋友（同范畴）,F,Summary:七选五解题技巧2：同范畴词同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。,73Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger,B.Hesaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.,A.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.,C.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.,They,A,72.Theirangermightbesostrongthattheylosecontroloftheirtemper.Theymayactinwaysunacceptableandhurtful.Peoplemaysaythatsomeonehastroublecontrollingtheirtemper._73_E.Infact,theyusuallymeanthatakidbehavesbadlywhenfeelingangry.G.Somekidsgetangrymoreoftenormoreeasilythansomeotherkids.,G,E,Summary:七选五解题技巧3：代词提示英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。,it:单数名词或整个句子；they/them:复数名词；one:单数可数名词；that:不可数名词或句子；this:单数名词或句子；these/those:前句的复数名词。,细节类题型解题技巧,B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.,A.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.,C.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.,_.Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.,C,Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand.Whenyoudobesurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime._8_A.Usewords,notcompletedsentence.B.Therearethreepraticalnote-takingmethods.C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.E.Youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.,D,转折关系,Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideasmightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway._9_A.Atonetimedaydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillness.B.Therefore,itsagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyoureinthedaydreamzone.,B,因果关系,过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A,并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),.；First,then/next,.；Inthefirstplace，inthesecondplace.;foronething,foranotherthing,.；then/next,finally/last等。B,递进关系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,whatsmore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not.but.,notonly.butalso等。C,解释例证关系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等D,因果关系：so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果）,asaresult(of),so/such.that.,sothat.等E,转折对比关系：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless（然而）,still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等F,概况归纳关系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。,Summary：逻辑关系的衔接,篇章结构类题解题技巧,若考察空为小标题，则根据所在小段落的内容进行总结归纳。注意标题的简洁性！,_1_Tellingsomeonethatyoucantrememberhisnamecanactuallymakepeoplerelaxed.Mostofthemwillfeelsympathyifyousay,Imworkingtoremembernamesbetter.Yoursisrightonthetipofmytongue.Whatisitagain?A.Ifyoucantremembersomeonesname,youmaytellhimthetruthB.AdmityoudontknowC.ReciteandrepeatnamesD.Letothershelpyouremembertheirnames.,B,小标题，简明,若考察空非小标题，则根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略,1)如果问题在段首通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。2)如果问题在段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。,1.（2010新课标全国卷）73_Whenapersonisaskingaquestion,showinterestandadesiretounderstandthequestionbylisteningandaskingforclarification.A.Showyourtrueinterest.B.Restatethequestionwithrespect.C.Someideascanbequiteconcrete.2.(2011辽宁卷）Goforawalk.Mildlyraisedglucose(葡萄糖)levelscanharmtheareaofthebrainthathelpsyouformmemoriesandphysicalarebloodglucosedowntonormallevels.Infact,exerciseproduceschemicalsthataregoodforyourbrain._74_A.Thiscanbeespeciallyharmfultotheaged.B.Sotakeafewminuteseachdaytodosomer