英语的发展历程.ppt

TheHistoryofEnglish,Origin,449A.DJutescapturedmostlandinBritainAnglo-SaxonsconqueredCelts,Then,OldEnglish（450-1150）,1.SharingmanycommonswithwestGermanice.g.Water(O.E)=wasser(German),2.HavingLatinwords,becauseearliermerchantsfromRomeandthecomingofChristiane.g.pipor(O.E)=pepper(Mi.E)=piper(Latin),3.BeinginfluenceddeeplywitholdNorse,whichbroughtbyScandinavianastheyconqueredat9thcenturye.g.lagu(O.E)=law(Mi.E)=lag(oldNorse),4.Complicatechangeofwordsshapee.g.mona(=moon)wasmasculine,whilesunne(=sun)wasfeminineandtungol(=star)wasneuter,MiddleEnglish（1150-1450）,1.Frenchbecametheirofficiallanguagefornearly300years,becauseoftheconquestbyNormans.2.Frenchwasusedbymostupperclasspeople,whileEnglishwasspokenamongthecommonpeople.3.ThoughFrenchmenhadcapturedtheEngland,EnglishbroughtalotofwordsfromFrench.,ModernEnglish-(1450-1700-),1.1700wasaperiodoftransitioncalled“theGreatVowelShift,whichputprofoundinfluenceonthemiddleEnglishandmodernEnglish,especiallyontheVowels.2.Englishbecamemoreandmorestandardizedandplain.,theGVS,Basically,thelongvowelsshiftedupwards;thatis,avowelthatusedtobepronouncedinoneplaceinthemouthwouldbepronouncedinadifferentplace,higherupinthemouth.TheGVShashadlong-termimplicationsforspelling,theteachingofreading,andtheunderstandingofanyEnglish-languagetextwrittenbeforeorduringtheShift.,-TheGreatVowelShiftwasamassivesoundchangeaffectingthelongvowelsofEnglishduringthefifteenthtoeighteenthcenturies.,-BecauseoftheEnglishVocabularywasexpendedlargelywithmanyLatinandFrenchwords,Englishbecamecolorful,gracefulandrich;-Becauseoftheclarityofsentencestructure,andprogressofg