语言学morphemeppt课件

chapter 3，3.1 whatismorphme？ 什么是词素？ 3.1.1MorphemeandMorphology形态素和形态学3.1.2TypesofMorphemes形态素的类型3.1.3 morphologicalchangandallomorph形态学的变化和形态素的变化westawthatsomewordss osmallercomponents.ex.charmanchair，mantownhalltown，hallboysboy，-scheckingcheck，-ingdispointmentdis，appoint -ment，1，morphh definition : thesmallsttitintorganguageinregardttherelationshipbetweensiundmeaning aunitthatcannotbefurtherdividentosmallerus estoringraticallyalterringthemeaning .词素是最小的语言单位，不能划分为更小的单位，破坏或彻底改变其词汇意义和语法意义。 suchas:chair，dog，cupandsoon .2.Morphology形态学，morphology : thesystematicstuyofmorphemsabranchoflinguistics .形态学是语言学的分支。 研究itstudiestyheinternalstructureofwords，andtherulesbywhichwordsareformed .词的内部结构和结构规则。E.G.purifypur(e )，-iffyamplitude (扩大) simplify (简化) selectionrify (充电) falsify (伪造) anewverbcanbecreatebydadding-iftoanaddjective . 3.1.1MorphemeandMorphology形态素和形态学3.1.2TypesofMorphemes形态素的类型3.1.3 morphologicalhangandallomorph形态学的变化和形态学的变化1， freemorphemndbounddmorpheme自由语素和粘着语素a.freemorphmes : thosethatmayoccuralone，thosewhichmaymakeupwordsbythesmselves.(可单独出现，单词(E.g.dog，nation，closemono-morphemomiwords .Compounds (复合词) : therearepolymorphemomiwords.whichonsistwhollyoffreemorphmes.e.e moonwalk，babysit，godfather， sunflower.b.boundmorphmes : theycannotoccuralone.(不单独出现) theymustappearwithatleastedifferetmorpheme.(至少有一个不同的词素) e.g national disclose.distempereddistemper-edbounddmorphemesfreemorphmes，2.Root，affixandstem词根，词缀， 词干Root (词根) : thebasemfortheapportworthathatconnotbehetheanalandaringtheseryingitsmeaning，thatistosay，itisthatpartofthtworthe ) eg : friendasinunfriendliness.alworrdscontionarootmorpheme .所有词都包括至少一个词根词素。 RootsmaybeFree (自由形态素) : thosethatcanstandbythemseles，eg:blackinblackboard，blackbird； Bound (粘结形态素) : thosethatcannotstandbythemseleseg :-ceiveinreceive，perceive， conceive. B.Affix (词缀) : isacollectveermforthetypeofmorphmethatcanbeuseddonlywhenddddtoanothermorpheme (therootorsstem ) .词缀是另一个词素normllydividednto : prefix (dis -，un-)前缀dislikeundosuffix(-ize，-tion )后缀colonizerevolutionInfix(-ee-)后缀feet，Aword，root，root determentitionthemeaningofaword，change，themeaningofaword，determentionthecharacteristicicofaword，C.Stem词干anymorphemerocoroomonitionofmorphemetowhichanfinelectionallafsfixcanbeadded .词干是可以折射后缀的词素或词素的组合指定friendship、friendship，请参阅教科书的54图. 3、finstrelectionalficalficationandderivationalaffix的后缀和派生后缀， a.finstrelectionalficalfiesveryoftenonlyaddateedirectionalgmaticalealeningtothesstem .后缀通常是词干，例如toys、walks、jonhs， derivationalaffixesoftenchangetherlexicalmeaning .派生词缀经常改变词汇含义. b. finstrelectionallficesdonotchangethewordclassyattacht .折射词缀derivationaalaffixesmightchangethewordclass派生词缀可能会改变词性c.finstrelectionalfraficesareconditionedbynonsemanicclinguisticfactors tachobutwithinthephraserosentence .折射词接受的限制是没有意义的语言要素，该要素除了它们所依存的词以外，还存在于短语和句子中。 Eg.TheboylikestoLikes由句子的主语决定。 derivationaalaffixesaremoreofentebasedonsimplemeaningdistinctions .派生词缀多在简单的意义上被区别。 例如，clever和cleverness之间的选择取决于谈论性质“clever”，或者聪明的状态“cleverness”d.finelectricationlaffiesaremostlysuffixes .折射后缀大部分是后缀。 示例： drums、walks和Marysdiervationalficesnbeprefixesorsuffixes .派生后缀可以是前缀或后缀。 E.g.depart，online，teacher，workable， 3.1.1MorphemeandMorphology形态素和形态学3.1.2TypesofMorphemes形态素的类型3.1.3 morphologicalchangandallomorph形态学的变化和形态学的变化Allomorph、Anallomorph isanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjiningsound .同一词素在不同环境下出现时的不同表现形式。 allomorphsinprefixes morphemenegatiemorphemein-morph 1: im morph 2: irmorph : ilimpossibleirregularillamorphemmmmametake ，Allomorphsinsuffix， morphmenounmorphme-ionmorph 1: tion morph 2: ation morph : qectriondectionmodelizationdecision 描述 修改 描述 - ationaretheportationalvariantsofthesamesuffix .，allomorphs . ofnouns : e.g .s，-es，-en，-ee，-andsoboghorse，s，z，iz，morphe，morphe allomorphs，PLURAL， 研究Morphologicalchange的形态变化，探讨现代语和旧语的区别e.g .第一人称单数作为主语是一般的现在的动词形式ancientformpresentform-eth-s-es dodo (e ) thdosgogoethgosfindeth thechangefovbeformandpluralformofnoun名词复数形式的变化seedes/wayesseeds/waysThou，ye，yeeyouThyyour， 第二人把单数称为主语是一般的现在的动词形式ancientformpresentform-