语言学视角下盖茨比分析

ABriefLinguisticApproachtotheGreatGatsby,SchoolofForeignLanguagesNorthWestUniversityXianGAOMi,YANGGuang,LIANGKe,GUOJia,Background,TwoCharacteristics,JazzAge,TheFirstWorldWarhappenedmainlyinEuropefrom1914to1918.ButAmericagainedabundantwealthinthewarandaneconomicboomappeared.A“revolution”tookplaceinpeoplesattitudestowardsmoralityandsex.,TheLostGeneration,IntheJazzAge,jazzmusicanddancestylesbecamepopular.Theyoungpursuedmaterialfulfillmentandsensualenjoymentratherthanspiritualsatisfaction.Theywanderedpointlesslyandrestlesslyandthoughttheworldiscrazyandmeaningless.,AlinguisticapproachtotheGreatGatsby,Lexicalfeatures,AbstractNounsThereadersattentionfromtheexternalaspectsofcharactersaretransferredtotheirwordsanddeeds,inordertoachievethepurposeofunderstandingtheinnerworldofthecharactersTheuseofalargenumberofabstractnouns,ononehandreflectstheunrealcharacteristicsofthecharacter,andalsoindicatesthetragicend.,Lexicalfeatures,Table1:StatisticalabstractnounsinTheGreatGatsby,Lexicalfeatures,Lexicalfeatures,AbstractNounsTomandhiswifeDaisyinthisnovelarerepresentativesofthehighclass,whohaveasignificanttraitoftheAmericanLostGenerationinthe1920s.Thereisnogoalinlife,thereisnophysicalandpsychologicalsenseofbelonging,andonlythedyingofspirit.,Lexicalfeatures,AbstractNounsPeopleinthisaffluentsocietyfeelemptyandlost.TheiremptinessandlossaregreatlycontrasttoprosperityofAmericansociety.Thereaderfeelagreatimpactinsightandagreatgapinmind.,Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords)Inliterature,thevarietyofcolorshasitsuniquecontent.Thewriterdescribesthecharactersbymeansofalargenumberofcolorwordstomakethecharactersvividandfullofbeauty.,Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords)Table2:StatisticalcolorwordsinTheGreatGatsby,Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords)Table3:StatisticalsentenceswithwhiteinTheGreatGatsby,Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords),Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords)Whiteisasymbolofpurity.Butinthisnovelitsoftenlinkedwithselfishnessoftherich.Whitecannothidethedarknessintheirheart.Thereaderfeeltheirhypocrisyandindifferencemoredeeply.,Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords)InGatsbysdream,Daisywaslikeagoddess,pureandinnocent.However,untilsheandherhusbandTomplottingtheresponsibilityontoGatsby,herpureimageinstantlydisintegrated.,Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords)GrayItisthemaincoloroftheruinsofthevillage,whereeverythingpresentsgray.symbolizingthenegativeanddyingspiritsofthevillager.,Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords)GrayinthetextoftenusedwithWilson,themanwhohastheash-likecolor,livesinagarageofboringlifewithoutpurposeandmeaning.,Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords),Lexicalfeatures,ImpliedWords(ColorWords)Silverandgoldappearmanytimesinthetext,andusuallyareusedtorefertothewealthofsociety,todescribetheindulgingandluxurylife.Redreferstotheviolenceandblood.,Table4：NegativeWords,Lexicalfeatures,Lexicalfeatures,Table4:NegativeWordImpatientlyinsentences,Lexicalfeatures,NegativeWords,Lexicalfeatures,NegativeWordsFrequentlyusednegativewordssuccessfullycreateseveralnegativefigures.TheirnegativepsychologicalworldiscontrasttotheprosperousAmericansociety.ItdeepensthereadersunderstandingofAmericansocietyandfurtherillustratesthetheme.,AlinguisticapproachtotheGreatGatsby,Syntacticfeatures,Syntacticfeatures,I.CooperativePrincipleinDialogues,Cooperativeprinciple(CP)Tomakeyourconversationalcontributionsuchasisrequired,atthestageatwhichitoccurs,bytheacceptedpurposeordirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhichurengaged.4categoriesofmaximsQuantityQualityRelationManner,1.Themaximofquality,Trytomakeyourcontributiononethatistrue.Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.,(1)TheObservanceoftheQualitymaxim,e.g.:“Itwasastrangecoincidence,”Isaid.“Butitwasntacoincidenceatall.”“Whynot?”“GatsbyboughtthathousesothatDaisywouldbejustacrossthebay.”“Hewantstoknow,”continuedJordan,“IfyoullinviteDaisytocometoyourhousesomeafternoonandthenlethimcomeover.”“DidIhavetoknowallthisbeforehecouldasksuchalittlething?”“Hesafraid,heswaitedsolong.Hethoughtyoumightbeoffended.Yousee,hesaregulartoughunderneathitall.”Somethingworriedme.“Whydidntheaskyoutoarrangeameeting?”“Hewantshertoseehishouse,”sheexplained.“Andyourhouseisrightnextdoor.”“Oh!”,(2)TheViolationofTheQualityMaxim,E.g.:“DontbringTom,Iwarnedher.“What?”“DontbringTom.”“WhosTom?”sheaskedinnocently.,affected,hypocritical,2.ThemaximofQuantity,Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequired(forthecurrentpurposesoftheexchange).Donotmakeyourcontributionmore(less)informativethanisrequired.,(1)TheObservanceofthequantitymaxim,e.g.“Thereareonlythepursued,thepursuing,thebusyandthetired.”“AndDaisyoughttohavesomethinginherlife,”murmuredJordantome.“DoesshewanttoseeGatsby?”“Shesnottoknowaboutit.Gatsbydoesntwanthertoknow.Yourejustsupposedtoinvitehertotea.”,(2)Theviolationofthequantitymaxim,e.g.:“Lookhere,oldsport,”saidGatsby,leaningtowardme,ImafraidImadeyoualittleangrythismorninginthecar.”Therewasthesmileagain,butthistimeIheldoutagainstit.“Idontlikemysteries,”Ianswered,“andIdontunderstandwhyyouwontcomeoutfranklyandtellmewhatyouwant.WhyhasitallgottocomethroughMissBaker?”“Oh,itsnothingunderhand,”heassuredme.“MissBakersagreatsportswoman,youknow,andshedneverdoanythingthatwasntallright.”,Nickisexplicitandfullofcuriosity.Gatsbyismorerestrainedandcareful.,(2)Theviolationofthequantitymaxim,II.Cohesivemechanismsindiscourse,1.Lexicalcohesion“and”IntheCohesivedevices,“and”mainlyplaytheroleofconnectingtheprecedingandthefollowing.Inthesecondandfourthchapter,theauthoruseslargeamountsof“and”todescribethegrandmomentofGatsbyshouseandparty.,1.Lexicalcohesion“and”,e.g.:1)Inthisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars.2)FromWestEggcamethepolesandtheMulreadysandCecilRoebuckandCecilSchoenandGulicktheStatesenatorandNewtonOrchid,whocontrolledFilmsParExcellence,andEckhaustandClydeCohenandDonS.SchwartzeandArthurMcCarty,allconnectedwiththemoviesinonewayoranother.,Thisisakindofgrammaticaldeviation.(语法偏离现象）Using“and”excessivelycanproduceafeelingofcontinuity.AllkindsofguestspourintoGatsbyshouseandjoininthepartiesconstantly.Theemptinessandlonelinessoftheupperclass.ThedisillusionoftheAmericandream.,1.Lexicalcohesion“and”,grammaticaldeviation语法偏离现象,词语语义语法偏离搭配研究主要内容：语言是人们交际时反映客观世界和心理行为的载体。词与词组合搭配规范的言语往往遵循理性思维，表达理性信息。词与词偏离搭配的言语往往遵循情感思维，表达情感信息。当发话主体为现实所感动，要用现成的语言来表达，但现成的语言没有，便出现了“言不尽意”之困，但又不得不表达，便出现了语言的超常使用，即词与词组合搭配的偏离性。,AlinguisticapproachtotheGreatGatsby,FiguresofSpeech,FiguresofSpeech,1.Irony,definition:Theuseofwordstoconveytheoppositeoftheirliteralmeaning.e.g.TitleTheGreatGatsbyNameDaisy,Thetitleofthenovelisanirony.TheauthorusesgreattodescribeGatsby;however,Gatsbyisntgreatatall.,Gatsbyaccumulateshiswealththroughanimmoralandillegalway-smuggling.Heliesabouthisbirthbutheactuallycomesfromafarmerfamily.Hisfuneralhasformedadramaticcontrastwiththecrowedandnoisypartiesinthepast.Peoplewhopreviouslyclaimedtobehisfriendsareevenunwillingtocometothefuneral.GatsbyhasdonewhateverhecouldtowinbackDaisysheartbuthefinallyiskilledbyWilson.,1.Irony,Therefore,wecouldseethatGatsbyspersonaltragicdeathaswellashisdisillusionofwealth,statusandloveindicatesthedisillusionofhisAmericanDream.TheAmericanDreamadvocatesabrightfutureforpeoplewiththebeliefthatonecansucceedthroughhisefforts.However,insuchamaterialflourishingsociety,onemustfacethedecadence,corruption,indifferenceandcrueltyofthesociety.ThedisillusionofGatsbysdreamisnotonlyhistragedybutalsothetragedyofageneration.,1.Irony,Daisy,thenameisalsoanirony.,Theoriginalmeaningofthewordrefersto“asmallwildflowerwithayellowcentreandwhitepetals”,whichrefersto“somethingbeautifulandpure”.Gatsbyalsoidealizesandsymbolizesherasallbeautifulthingsinhislife.Daisyisveryselfish,hokey,vaingloriousandmoney-minded.Herloveiscloselyrelatedtostablewealth,highsocialpositionandextravagantlife.ShemarriesTombecauseheisfromanupperclassandwhenshelearnsthatthesourceofGatsbysmoneyisillegal,sheabandonshimagain.,1.Irony,2.Simile,(1)definition:simileisafigureofspeechthatexpressesaresemblancebetweenthingsofdifferentkinds,andusuallyformedwith“like”or“as”.e.g.Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars.Atintervals,sheappearedsuddenlyathissidelikeanangrydiamond.,Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemoths.,Theserichpeoplecometothepartiesjustwanttoshowtheirnoblestatus,enormouswealthandenjoytheluxuriousmateriallife.Thus,wecouldseetheemptyspiritualstateofthesepeople.Thissentencealsoreflectsthecorruptanddecadentnatureoftheupperclass.,2.Simile,Atintervals,sheappearedsuddenlyathissidelikeanangrydiamond.,Diamondusuallyreferstotheloyaltyoflovebutheretheauthorusesthediamondtoshowthatthewomanhasnoemotionorlove.Herloveisbasedonenormouswealth,extravagantlifeandhighsocialposition.Thissentenceshowsthecorruptionandvanityoftheupperclass.,2.Simile,3.Contrast,definition:contrastisafigureofspeechthatcomparesthedissimilarityoftwodifferentthingsortheoppositionofthesamething.AwaferofamoonwasshiningoverGatsbyshouse,makingthenightfineasbefore,andsurvivingthelaughterandthesoundofhisstillglowinggarden.Asuddenemptinessseemedtoflownowfromthewindowsandthegreatdoors,endowingwithcompleteisolation,Contrastthenoisyandcrowdedpartiesandtheemptinessandlonelinessofthebigmansion.TheauthornotonlyshowstheemptinessandcorruptionoftheupperclassbutalsodiscloseswhatGatsbypursuesisjustabubbleandwhatbehindhisdreamisstillhisdeeplonelinessandemptiness.,3.Contrast,4.Symbolism,definition:symbolismsuggestsitsliteralmeaninganditpresentstheimpliedmeaningsandthoughtsbyusingvisiblesymbols.E.g.ThegreenlightGreenistraditionallyconnectedwithspring,soitsymbolizeshope,vigor,youthandfreedom.,(2)analysis:Thegreenlight,GreenlightfirstappearsinthechapteronewhenNickseesthatGatsbyisstaringatthelightonDaisysdock.Here,thegreenlightsymbolizesGatsbysloveforDaisyandhishopeforthebrightfuture.Itmakeshimbelievethathecanreturntohisbeautifulpast.,4.Symbolism,(2)analysis:Thegreenlight,GreenlightsecondappearsinchapterfivewhenGatsbysaysthatthegreenlightishiddenbythefrog.DaisyandGatsbyreunionagaininthemansionbutsheonlycaresaboutthe