新概念英语第二册：第57课课文详解及语法解析

新概念英语第二册：第57课课文详解及语法解析 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮。 the way在这里表示“方式”、“样式”，she was dressed为关系从句，修饰the way。dress表示“穿着”、“打扮”时常用被动语态： Why is your aunt dressed in black? 你姑姑为什么穿黑色衣服? 2.he told her that the dress was sold.告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了。 被动语态在这里含有动作已经完成的意忠，即表示当前的状态。 3.She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.第2天上午，她又来到这家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎着一只手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。 dressed引导的过去分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态。它也能够变换位置，放在句首，其意义不变：Dressed in a fur coat, she returnedwith带有两个宾语：handbag和unbrella。with引导的介词短语也作状语，表示伴随状态： He walked in the park with a dog behind him. 他在公园里散步，身后跟了一条狗。 4.After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 找到那个无礼的售货员后，她还要看昨天的那件衣服。 (1)现在分词结构代替时间状语从句后，保留了连词after。类似的情况如： Since phoning you this morning, Ive changed my plans. 自从今天早上给你打了电话以后，我已改变了计划。 While trying to open the bottle, I cut my hand. 在试图打开瓶子时，我划破了手。 (2)seek out为固定短语，表示“找出”、“搜寻出”： He sought out the thief in the crowd. 他在人群中找出了那个小偷。 Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him. 快把他找出来。我想和他谈一谈。 (3)ask for表示“要”、“要求”： I asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea. 我要的是一杯咖啡，但你却给了我一杯茶。 5.Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 那个售货员没有认出她是谁，这个回接待她的态度非常殷勤。 (1)现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时，其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定词。这些词有时可互换，有时则不可： Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief. 他没有一丝犹豫便追赶那小偷。 Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help. 因为开不了门，我便向邻居求援。 (2)像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感觉的形容词作表语时后面往往跟不定式： They are all eager to come. 他们都急于来。 Im pleased to work with you. 我很高兴能与你一起工作。 6.With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. 费了好大劲儿，他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。 with在这里表示行为方式： With care, she put the vase on the shelf. 她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。 He lifted the box with ease/difficulty. 他很轻松地/费劲地举起那箱子。 7.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来，最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件。 (1)enjoy oneself doing sth.表示“从中得到乐趣”： He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars. 他让那条狗追逐乞丐，并从中取乐。 (2)make后面的动词不定式不加to(cf.本课词汇学习) (3)代替时间状语从句的现在分词短语带有连词before。 语法 Grammar in use 用于表示地点和位置的介词和副词in, at和off;用于描写人的介词in和with 在第9课的语法中，我们学习了引导时间状语的介词in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33课的语法中，我们学习了表示方向和目的地的介词和副词，如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。 (1)在表示地点和位置时，说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等，而in则表示里面或包围的含义： I stopped at London on the way to New York. 去纽约的途中我曾在伦敦停留。(伦敦是途中的一个点) I live in London. 我住在伦敦。(伦敦“包围着”他) We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office. 我们今天下午在电影院见了面。他在售票处附近等我。 We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car. 我们在河里游泳时简坐在汽车里。 (2)off常与动词连用，表示位置的变化，即“与分离”，可译为“脱掉”、“脱落”等，其反义词为on： The handle of my suitcase has come off. 我手提箱的提手掉下来了。 He took the cup off the shelf. 他把杯子从架上拿了下来。 (3)描写人时，in通常用于表示穿着，with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着什么： Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat. 昨天她穿着牛仔裤。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。 John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesnt he? 约翰穿那套制服时看上去非常英俊，是不是? He looks handsome in anything! 他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊! The man with a beard over there is Sam. 那边那个留着胡子的人是萨姆。 The police say the woman theyre looking for has a red handba