2020-2021学年高中英语 Unit 3 Science and nature Section Ⅲ Grammar学案 牛津译林版必修5

section grammar过去分词语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.when she was born，many people were worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world.2.if i had the chance，i would have a cloned baby right now.3.i think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic！1.例句1中的过去分词作表语。2.例句2和例句3中的过去分词都作定语。单个的过去分词作定语时，要放在被修饰词之前，过去分词短语作定语时，则要放在被修饰词之后。一、过去分词的构成和意义1过去分词的构成过去分词通常是由动词后加“ed”构成的，少数过去分词有不规则变化形式。注意：过去分词无时态和语态的变化。2过去分词的意义及物动词的过去分词通常既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动。the books，written by lu xun，are popular with many chinese people.鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多国人的喜爱。(表被动和完成)once recovered，he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.他一康复就投身到他的工作中去并且尽一切努力把它做好。(只表完成)二、动词ed形式的句法功能过去分词具有形容词和副词的特征，可在句中作定语、表语、补语和状语等成分。1作定语(1)单个的动词ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面(left除外)，相当于一个形容词。the excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们奔进了大楼。there is no food left on the table.桌子上没有剩余的食物。(2)动词ed短语作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。the suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.那个外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。(3)动词ed短语作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。the meeting，attended by one thousand students，was a great success.这次会议获得了很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席。名师点津动词ed形式作定语往往表示被动、完成；动词ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行；不定式作定语则表示还未发生。the girl standing by the door is my daughter.在门口站着的那个女孩是我的女儿。the meeting to take place here is very important.要在这里召开的会议很重要。即时训练1单句语法填空the meeting held(hold) last night was about safety.tell the children playing(play)outside not to make too much noise.all the broken(break)windows have been repaired.2作表语(1)动词ed形式作表语主要表示主语的心理或所处的状态。dont touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个杯子因为它是破的。he felt disappointed after his request was refused.他的请求被拒绝后，他感到很失望。名师点津有的动词ed形式作表语，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容词，常见的有：delighted，disappointed，discouraged，drunk，amused，astonished，hurt，interested，crowded，tired，satisfied，pleased，surprised，worried，excited，married，puzzled，upset等。(2)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。动词ed形式作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。用作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态。此时的过去分词相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短语。被动语态的动词ed形式，被动意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟“by动作的执行者”。my grandfather was delighted to hear i passed my exams.我祖父听到我通过考试感到很高兴。the new tissues and organs are used to cure diseases by doctors.新的组织和器官被医生用来治疗疾病。即时训练2单句语法填空the fact is that the shop is now closed(close)as we joined the big crowd i got separated(separate) from my friends.the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain seated(seat) as the plane was making a landing.3作宾补动词ed形式作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。后跟动词ed形式作宾语补足语的动词大致可分为以下三类：make，get，have，keep等使役动词。when will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined?你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？see，hear，feel，find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。she saw the thief caught by policemen.她看见小偷被警察抓住了。the old man found his hometown much changed.这位老人发现自己的家乡有了很大的变化。like，want，wish，order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词。the manager doesnt like such questions discussed at the meeting.经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。即时训练3单句语法填空i heard my name called(call)in the street.he tried to make himself understood(understand)by his students in class.he wanted his name included(include)in the list.4作状语动词ed形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，在作用上相当于相应的状语从句。(1)表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。accepted by the party(after he was accepted by the party)，he decided to devote his life to the cause of the party.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。(2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。depressed(since he was depressed)，he went to see his elder sister.他感到沮丧，就去拜访他姐姐了。(3)表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。grown in rich soil(if they are grown in rich soil)，these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(4)表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。exhausted by the running(though/although they were exhausted by the running)，they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，但他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。(5)表示方式或伴随情况。the old man went into the room，supported by his wife(and was supported by his wife)那个老人在他妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。名师点津有些动词ed形式因为来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的动词ed形式及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；born(出生)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。lost/absorbed in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。born in this beautiful town，he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。即时训练4句型转换seen from the top of the hill，the city looks like a big garden.when it is seen from the top of the hill，the city looks like a big garden.given another chance，he will do better.if he is given another chance，he will do better.laughed at by many people，he continued his study.although he was laughed at by many people，he continued his study.satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.as the teacher was satisfied with what he did，she/he praised him in class.单句语法填空1the carbon produced when we breathe is much less than that produced by a car.(produce)2he has a frightened(frighten) look on his face.3lost(lose)in thought，he almost fell into the water.4the sailors returned two weeks later，tired(tire)5when asked(ask)to sing a song，she couldnt refuse.6properly marked(mark)with numbers，the books can be easily found.7when you speak english，you are sure to make yourself understood(understand)8