英语句子成分分析

.,句子成分,定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,.,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,.,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）,.,找出句中主语,Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,.,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing,英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。及物动词(vt.)：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。如：HereachedParis.不及物动词（vi.）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。如:Look!Sheissinging.Lookatmecarefully!,类似的还有：agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.,.,误：dealaproblem正：dealwithaproblem处理问题误：dependsb.正：dependonsb.依靠（依赖）某人误：insistdoingsth.正：insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事,易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：,.,误：knockthedoor正：knockonatthedoor敲门误：operatesb.正：operateonsb.为某人做手术误：participatesth.正：participateinsth.参加某事误：refersth.正：refertosth.查阅（参考)某物,.,误：relysb./sth.正：relyonsb./sth.依靠（依赖）某人某物误：replyaletter正：replytoaletter回信,.,Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?,（名词）,(代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,.,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.Hegavemesomebooks.,间接宾语,直接宾语,pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.,.,常见跟双宾语动词,可接双宾语的38个常用动词(1)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.颁奖给某人bringsb.sth.=bringsth.tosb.把某物带给某人handsb.sth.=handsth.tosb.把某物递给某人lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人mailsb.sth.=mailsth.tosb.把某物寄给某人offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.将某物给某人owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物,.,passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物递给某人paysb.sth.=paysth.tosb.付给某人某物（钱）postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.把某物寄给某人returnsb.sth.=returnsth.tosb.把某物还给某人sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物送给某人sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.把某物卖给某人servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.拿某物招待某人showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.拿某物给某人看takesb.sth.=takesth.tosb.把某物拿给某人,.,(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词booksb.sth.=booksth.forsb.为某人预定某物buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.为某人买某物choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.为某人选某物cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.为某人煮某物fetchsb.sth.=fetchsth.forsb.为某人去取某物,.,findsb.sth.=findsth.forsb.为某人找到某物fixsb.sth.=fixsth.forsb.为某人准备某物getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb.为某人拿来某物makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人做某物ordersb.sth.=ordersth.forsb.为某人订购某物picksb.sth.=picksth.forsb.为某人采摘某物preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.为某人准备某物savesb.sth.=savesth.forsb.为某人留某物singsb.sth.=singsth.forsb.为某人唱某物（歌）sparesb.sth.=sparesth.forsb.为某人让出某物stealsb.sth.=stealsth.forsb.为某人偷某物,.,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idontfeelatease.,.,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词）例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词keep,remain,stay例如：Healwayskeptsilentatthemeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。,.,4）感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。5）变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.,.,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelfactory.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknowbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(过去分词),.,定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?,.,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.,.,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,Sheaskedmetolendherahand.,.,同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.,名词,代词,数词,从句,.,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestatio