宁夏银川市第一中学2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）

宁夏银川市第一中学2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）一、阅读理解(30分)1.阅读理解 you probably know who marie curie was, but you may not have heard of rachel carson. of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? jane addams(1860-1935) anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has jane addams to thank. addans helped the poor and worked for peace. she encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need . in 1931, addams became the first american woman to win the nobel peace prize. rachel carson(1907-1964) if it werent for rachel carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. her popular 1962 book silent spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. sandra day oconnor(1930-present) when sandra day oconnor finished third in her class at stanford law school, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. she became an arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the u.s. supreme court. oconnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. rosa parks(1913-2005) on december 1, 1955, in montgomery, alabama, rasa parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. her simple act landed parks in prison. but it also set off the montgomery bus boycott. it lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. the only tired i was, was tired of giving in, said parks.（1）what is jane addams noted for in history? a.her efforts to win a prize. b.her lack of proper training in law.c.her social work.d.her community background.（2）what is the reason for oconnors being rejected by the law firm? a.the discrimination against women.b.her little work experience in court.c.her lack of proper training in law. d.the poor financial conditions.（3）who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the us? a.jane addams. b.rosa parks. c.sandra day oconnor. d.rachel carson.（4）what can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? a.they are highly educated. b.they are truly creative.c.they are peace-lovers. d.they are pioneers.【答案】 （1）c（2）a（3）b（4）d 【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，人物故事类 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物介绍，介绍了四位伟大又有影响力的女性：珍妮亚当斯帮助穷人，为和平而工作于在1931年成为第一个获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性；雷切尔卡森的作品寂静的春天提高了人们对污染的危险性和化学物质对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的危害性的认识；桑德拉戴奥康纳是美国首位联邦最高法院女法官，在她任职的24年里，在许多重要的案件中有决定权；罗莎帕克斯因为在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座，随即被逮捕她的被捕引发了蒙哥马利市抵制公交车运动，并持续了一年多，从而拉开了民权运动的序幕。 （1）考查细节理解。根据jane addams部分中的anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has jane addams to thank可知，珍妮亚当斯在历史上以她的社会工作而闻名，故选c。 （2）考查细节理解。根据sandra day oconnor部分中的she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman可知，桑德拉戴奥康纳被律师公司拒绝是因为对妇女的歧视，故选a。 （3）考查细节理解。根据rosa parks部分中的and kicked off the civil-rights movement可知，罗莎帕克斯因为在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座而拉开了民权运动的序幕，所以是罗莎帕克斯对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献，故选b。 （4）考查推理判断。根据文章内容：珍妮亚当斯是第一个获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性；雷切尔卡森的作品寂静的春天提高了人们对污染的危险性和化学物质对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的危害性的认识；桑德拉戴奥康纳是美国首位联邦最高法院女法官；罗莎帕克斯在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座，拉开了民权运动的序幕可知文中提到的几位女性都是先锋人物，故选d。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2.阅读理解 many people believe henry ford invented the automobile (汽车). but henry ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. that was eleven years after two germans developed the worlds first automobile. many people believe henry ford invented the production line that moved a cars parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. that is not true, either. many factory owners used methods of this kind before ford. what henry ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better. and he made the whole factory a moving production line. in the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. it was the best way of gaining public notice. henry ford decided to build a racing car. fords most famous race was his first one. it was also the last race in which he drove the car himself. the race was in 1901, at a field near detroit. all of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the winton and fords. the winton was famous for its speed. most people thought the race was over before it began. the winton took an early lead. but halfway through the race, it began to lose power. ford started to gain. and near the end of the race, he took the lead. ford won the race and defeated the winton. his name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the united states. within weeks of the race, henry ford formed a new automobile company. in 1903, a doctor in detroit bought the first car from the company. that sale was the beginning of henry fords dream. ford said: i will build a motor car for the great mass of people. it will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. it will be built of the best materials. it will be built by the best men to be employed. and it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. it will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one. the model t was a car of that kind. it only cost $850. it was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. doctors bought the model t. so did farmers, even criminals. they considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. americans loved the model t. they wrote stories and songs about it. thousands of model ts were built in the first few years.（1）what do we know about henry ford from paragraph 1? a.he made good use of ideas from others. b.he produced the first car in the world.c.he knew how to improve auto parts. d.he invented the production line.（2）why did henry ford take part in the 1901 car race? a.to show off his driving skills. b.to draw public attention.c.to learn about new technology.d.to raise money for his new company.（3）that sale in paragraph 4 refers to _. a.the selling of ford cars at reduced pricesb.the sale of model t to the mass of peoplec.the selling of a car to a detroit doctord.the sales target for the ford company（4）what was henry fords dream according to the text? a.producing cars for average customersb.building racing cars of simple designc.designing more car modelsd.starting more companies【答案】 （1）a（2）b（3）c（4）a 【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，社会文化类，说明文 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，很多人以为是福特发明了汽车，可事实并非如此。作者向我们讲述了福特因制造汽车成名的事实与过程。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的what henry ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them betterand he made the whole factory a moving production line”可知henry ford他善于利用别人的想法。故选a。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的it was the best way of gaining public notice可知ford参赛就是为了吸引大众的注意力。可知选b。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的in the 1903，a doctor in detroit bought the first car from the company可知that sale意为卖车给底特律的医生故选c。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“i will build a motor car for the great mass of people”可以推断出福特的梦想是生产适合普通消费者的车，让所有人都买得起车故选a。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3.阅读理解 scott and daniel harry are enjoying everyday tasks like shopping and washing for the first time following their move to an accommodation (住宿) support house in kurwongbah, north of brisbane last year. disability services queenslands strengthening non-government organisations project provided an accommodation support model that would enable residents (居住者) like daniel and scott to live more independently. the house is just one of many accommodation support services funded (资助) through the project. the five-bedroom house provides 24-hour care for up to four individuals with complex needs, including medical support. care and staffing levels are varied and flexible, depending on each residents requirements. scott and daniel, who have a severe form of duchenne muscular dystrophy, require 24-hour support in all activities of daily living. before they moved to the house, they lived with their family. scott says living at home was difficult as it placed a physical and emotional strain (负担) on their parents who had to wake them several times each night to reposition them or place them on breathing machines. we were heavyhearted, says scott, who is planning to write a book about his life experiences. but our parents now have a lot more time for themselves. we now manage ourselves on a day-to-day basis. daniel is an enthusiastic gardener, taking care of his own vegetable garden. the men share the house with one other young man, and they go to rugby league games, meeting up with friends. leeding care australia provides the care service at kurwongbah. manager lee garniss says setting up the facilities (设施) has not been without its challenges. it is an unconventional model of care, lee says. the home is scott and daniels home, however it is also a workplace for their support staff. balancing these two requirements has been a challenge for all. we have experienced a bit of a learning phase over the last twelve months. however, by working as a team we try our best to meet the needs of both residents and staff and i think we have achieved the right balance.（1）what do we know about the house scott and daniel live in now? a.it was built by their parents. b.it can accommodate four residents.c.it belongs to a governmental project. d.its located in the center of brisbane.（2）why did scott and daniels parents wake up frequently at night? a.to help them do exercise. b.they were making a lot of noise.c.to check on their breathing. d.they were under emotional pressure.（3）how did scott feel while living with his parents? a.a bit guilty. b.quite happy. c.very proud. d.slightly angry.（4）what was a challenge while setting up the facilities? a.lack of fund.b.no workplace.c.inexperienced staff members. d.satisfying both staff and residents needs.【答案】 （1）b（2）c（3）a（4）d 【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，时文广告类 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一项让scott兄弟俩可以更加独立地生活的残疾人住宿支持服务。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the five-bedroom house provides 24-hour care for up to four individuals with complex needs”可知，这个房子可以住4个人，故选b。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“their parents who had to wake them several times each night to reposition them or place them on breathing machines”可知，父母晚上起来是因为要查看scott和daniel两兄弟的呼吸状况。故选c。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“it placed a physical and emotional strain on their parents”和第五段scott 说的“we were heavyhearted”可知，他感到内疚，故选a。 （4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“the home is scott and daniels home, however it is also a workplace for their support staff. balancing these two requirements has been a challenge for all”可知，同时满足服务人员和被照顾者的需求是个挑战。故选d。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4.阅读理解 parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a childs class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic. the findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools expect them to act as partners in their childrens education. previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn. keith robinson, the author of the study, said, i really dont know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids education that leads to declines in their academic performance. one of the things that were consistently negative was parents help with homework. robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks. they may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learn it themselves, but theyre still offering advice. robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. in general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant. common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because children with good academic success do have involved parents, admitted robinson. but he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success. a big surprise was that asian american parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. they took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.（1）the underlined expression parental involvement in paragraph 1 probably means_. a.parents expectation on childrens healthb.parents participation in childrens educationc.parents control over childrens lifed.parents plan for childrens future（2）what is the major finding of robinsons study? a.modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.b.punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.c.parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.d.parents are not able to help with childrens homework.（3）the example of asian american parents implies that parents should_. a.help children realize the importance of schoolingb.set a specific life goal for their childrenc.spend more time improving their own livesd.take a more active part in school management【答案】 （1）b（2）c（3）a 【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，科普环保类，说明文 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最近的一项研究，父母帮助孩子做家庭作业实际上可能会降低他们的学校成绩。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的help their children with homework以及including volunteering at school and observing a childs class可推知，画线部分的意思应是父母参与到孩子的教育中。故选b。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的in general，about 20% of parental involvement was positive，about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant可知，robinson的研究结果表明，大约20%的父母的参与是积极的，大约45%的父母的参与是消极的，剩余的是无统计学意义的。通过这些数据可判断出，父母的参与没有想象中的那么有益。故选c。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives可知，美籍亚裔父母向他们的孩子传递的信息是学校里的成功如何能改善他们的生活，也就是说，父母应该帮助他们的孩子意识到学校教育的重要性。故选a。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）5.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多余选项。 different weather makes people feel different. it influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings. in august, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the united states. _in the northeast and the middle west, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. people in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in february or march. the weather can also influence intelligence. for example, in a 1983 report by scientists, iq (智商) of a group students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their iq was 10% lower. _very hot weather, on the other hand (另一方面), can make it lower. students in many schools of the united states often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (july and august). weather also has a strong influence on peoples feelings. winter may be a bad time for thin people. they usually feel cold during these months. they might feel unhappy during cold weather. _they even dont like to outdoor activities. low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. _there is a good weather for work and health. people feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade (摄氏度). are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? _ait may be the weathers problem.bwarm weather can have a bad effect on health.cthe wind can help people have higher intelligence.dbut fat people may have a hard time in hot weather.epeople may have higher intelligence when low air pressure comes.fpeople leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days.gpeople there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month.【答案】 g；c；d；f；a 【考点】七选五 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者用举例的方法说明了天气变化对于人体健康，智商和心情的影响。 （1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“in august, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the united states.”8月，在美国南部非常炎热潮湿，可知gpeople there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month.“在这个月里，那里的人有心脏病和其他健康问题。”承接上文，符合语境，故选g。 （2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“for example, in a 1983 report by scientists, iq (智商) of a group students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their iq was 10% lower.”例如，在科学家1983年的一份报告中，当大风袭来时，一群学生的智商很高,但是这场大风过后，智商降低了10%，可知cthe wind can help people have higher intelligence.“风可以帮助人们拥有更高的智能。”承接上文，符合语境，故选c。 （3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“they might feel unhappy during cold weather.”他们在寒冷的天气里可能会感到不高兴；以及空后“they even dont like to outdoor activities.”他们甚至不喜欢户外活动。可知dbut fat people may have a hard time in hot weather.“但是，肥胖的人在炎热的天气中可能很难相处。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选d。 （4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“low air pressure (气压)