英语课件构词法课件

1,2,Word-formation,复习初中英语构词法,2014、3,3,掌握构词法的重要性,1.有助于扩大词汇carecarefulcarelesscarefullycarelesslycarelessnesscarefulness,2.有助于了解词义possibleimpossiblefairunfair,3.有助于辨认词类washwashableoperateoperation,4,英语构词法种类,英语构词法主要有三种：,另外缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。,派生(Derivation)合成(Compounding)转化(Conversion),5,派生:是通过在词根(Base)上加前缀(Prefixes)或者后缀(Suffixes)构成一个新词。,happy-unhappydevelop-development,6,（1）用来构成反义词的前缀,1）常见的前缀,7,一.写出下列词的反义词。fair_happy_dress_appear_like_correct_possible_polite_,比一比，看谁记忆好！,impolite,incorrect,disappear,dislike,impossible,undress,unfair,unhappy,8,(2)构成一些其他意思的常用前缀,9,二.猜一猜下列短语的含义。midsummer_minibus_superman_kilometer_rewrite_,重写,千米，公里,超人,小型公汽,仲夏,10,2)常见的后缀(1)构成形容词的后缀,例：-able表“可被的”之意valuen.值，价值enjoyv.喜欢comfortn.安慰，舒适-al是“与有关的”之意，例：nationn.民族,国家musicn.音乐educationn.教育physicsn.物理politicsn.政治naturen.文化,valuableadj.有价值的enjoyableadj.令人愉快的comfortableadj.舒适的,nationaladj.民族的,国家的musicaladj.音乐的educationaladj.教育的physicaladj.物理的politicaladj.政治的naturaladj.文化的,11,-an,-ian,-n常加在地名后面,构成形容词。,-en附加在物质名词后,构成形容词,例如:woodn.木材,木料goldn.金子,黄金wooln.羊毛,Africa非洲Russia俄罗斯Australia澳大利亚Europe欧洲Canad加拿大Egypt埃及,woodenadj.木制的goldenadj.金制的,金色的woolenadj.羊毛制的,-ous表“充满的”或“具有性质的”，例：dangern.危险famen.名声,声望,dangerousadj.危险的famousadj.著名的,a,12,加-ful,表“的”或加-less表“没有”。careharmhelpusewonderhopepeacesleep,-careful-harmful-helpful-useful-wonderful-hopeful-peaceful-sleepful,-careless-harmless-helpless-useless-wonderless-hopeless-peaceless-sleepless,-ive附加在动词后，构成形容词，例如：actv.扮演expensev.花费suggestv.建议，暗示,activeadj.活跃的expensiveadj.昂贵的suggestiveadj.暗示的,13,-y表示“具有特征”或“具有性质的”的意思。例：cloudn.云luckn.运dirtn.灰尘，污垢sunn.太阳noisen.噪音,cloudyadj.多云的luckyadj.幸运的dirtyadj.肮脏的sunnyadj.阳光充足的noisyadj.喧闹的,-ly表“具有.品质的”。例：brotherlyadj.兄弟般的friendlyadj.友好的lovelyadj.可爱的dailyadj.一天一次的weeklyadj.一周一次的yearlyadj.一年一次的,-ern表示方向eastern东（部）方的western西（部）方的southern南方的northern北方的,(2)构成名词的后缀-er,-or,r表“做(动作)的人”或“地方的人”。,workreadteachreportwinrundrivewritevillage,sailvisitactinventcollect,-ist表示“的人”。piann.钢琴violinn.小提琴noveln.小说socialadj.社会,-ian表“的人”。例：musicn.音乐politicsn.政治mathematicsn.,musiciann.音乐家politiciann.政治家mathematiciann.数学家,-tion/sion表“的行动、行为（状态）”collectoperateinventpollutedecide-ing通常加在动词后，构成名词。building建筑smoking吸烟,operationpollution,o,的,collectionoperation,decision,16,(3)构成动词的后缀-ize加在形容词或名词后面，构成动词。apologyn.道歉memoryn.记忆力realadj.真的,apologizev.道歉memorizev.记住realizev.实现,-en主要加在形容词后，也有加在名词后面的。例：blackwidebrightdeep,17,（4）构成数词的后缀-teen表示“十几”thirteenfifteenseventeen-ty表示“几十”thirtyfortyeighty-th表示“第几”sixtiethninetieth,(5)构成副词的后缀-ward(s)表示“朝方向”。toward朝着backward朝后,18,-ly加在形容词后面，构成副词，例如：happyadj.高兴的trueadj.真实的fulladj.满的possibleadj.可能的carefuladj.细心的wideadj.广泛的hardadj.努力的highadj.高的,happilyadv.高兴地trulyadv.真实地fullyadv.满满地possiblyadv.可能地carefullyadv.细心地widelyadv.广泛地hardadv.努力地hardlyadv.几乎不highadv.高高地highlyadv.高度地,19,rain(形容词)_novel(人)_nation(形容词)_farm(人)_recent(副词)_friend(形容词)_hope(形容词)_true(副词)_visit(名词)_possible(副词)_eight(序数词)_develop(名词)_America(形容词)_enjoy(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词。,rainy,national,recently,hope(ful)less,visitor,eighth,American,novelist,farmer,friendly,truly,possibly,development,enjoyable,Practice,20,2.合成:由两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成名词class+room=classroomswimming-pool游泳池,合成形容词mouth-watering(令人垂涎的)well-known著名的hand-made手工制作的ten-year-old十岁的,合成动词over+come=overcome克服sleep-walk梦游,合成数词fifty+four=fifty-foursixty+eight=sixty-eight,合成（不定）代词somebody,anything，yourself,ourselves,合成副词down+stairs=downstairs在楼下(形容词+名词)everywhere(到处）somewhere(某处）,21,猜猜下列词语的含义。postman_waiting-room_peace-loving_newly-built_bookshop_mouth-watering_,邮递员,候诊（车、船）室,爱好和平的,新建的,书店,令人垂涎的,22,3.转化:是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.,常见的转化形式1）名词-动词handn.手-vt.上交facen.脸-vt.面临，面对watern.水waterv.浇水,2)动词-名词stopv.停止-n.车站watchv.观看-n.手表bookv.预定-bookn.书lookv.看-havealookn.看walkv.散步,走-takeawalkn.散步snowv.下雪-snown.雪,23,3)形容词-动词openadj.(开着的)openv.(打开)cleanadj.cleanadj.(清洁的)-cleanv.(打扫),5)形容词-名词wrongadj.(错误的)wrongn.(错误)dailyadj.(每日的）dailyn.日报,6)形容词-副词late晚的-late迟地early早的-early早早地high高的-high高高地,24,25,.缩写和简写:缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.,telephone-phonebicycle-cycleairplaneplanephotograph-photolaboratory-labexamination-examinfluenzainfluenz-flu,26,另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica),27,用括号里词适当形式填空1.Ididrather_(bad)intherace.2.Its_(sun)today.Letsgoswimming.3.Computersandprintersarenow_(wide)usedinmanycompanies.4.Ithinkthedictionaryis_(help)toyourstudy.5.Childrenneedtimeand_(free)tohavefun.6.Childrenshouldspeaktooldpeople_(polite).7.Thetimeistooshort.Its_(possible)forDanieltofinishthiswork.8.Mysisteris_(happy)nowbecauseshelosthermoney.9.Youhavetobelievein_(you).Thatsthesecretofsuccess.,Practice,yourself,unhappy,impossible,politely,freedom,helpful,sunny,badly,widely,28,单选。()1.-Tom,supperisready.-Idontwanttoeat,Mum.Imnotfeelingwell.(2013.北京)A.everythingB.nothingC.somethingD.anything()2.-Illhaveatennisgametomorrow.Imalittlebitnervous.-Believein.Yourethebestinourclub.(2013.温州)A.herselfB.myselfC.yourselfD.himself,D,C,29,()3.LilyisntasasPeter.Sheoftenmakesmistakesinhercomposition.(2012.宁夏）A.carelessB.carefulC.carelesslyD.carefully()4.“Excuseme,couldyoutellmethewayt