高一英语Module 1 Life in the future外研社知识精讲

高一高一英语英语 ModuleModule 1 1 LifeLife inin thethe futurefuture 外研社外研社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： Module 1 Life in the future 二. 重难点讲解： 1. alternative 形容词 adj.（无比较级、最高级） （二者之间）只能选其一的，二者任择其 一的 We have two alternative courses, surrender or death. 形容词 adj. 可替换的，代替的，另一可供选择的，选择性的； 相反的； 除 此之外的 an alternative plan We have no alternative other. 可数名词 n.C 常 the 二者之间的选择，二者选一 You have the alternative of riding or walking. 可数名词 n.C（二者间）可选择之事物，选择之事物 The alternatives of liberty or death. 可数名词 n.C 替换的（另外）可采用的方法，的替换物to I had no alternative but to accept the offer. Thats the only alternative. 2. prediction 动词 predict 及物动词 vt. 预言，预告，预报，预测 The weather forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow. They predicted It was predicted that there would be an earthquake. He predicted when war would break out. 3. rely 不及物动词 vi. 依赖；信任 depend on; trust upon We rely on our own hands. You will usually have to rely mainly on the context to help you. Can this rope be relied on ? We must rely on our own efforts. He can not be relied upon. 4. load 名词 n. 担子；重载；负担 something that you carry We shall make a lorry load of vegetables to the market. The lorry had a load of wood. This car can carry a load of 1 ton. The news took a load off my mind. 动词 v. 装；装货；装载 put things on to a vehicle or a ship The ship is loading for HangZhou. They loaded the cart with rice. Please help me load these cases into the car. The bus is loading. The tree is loaded with apples. load a car 5. arrest 及物动词 vt. 逮捕；捉住 make someone a prisoner by law; catch someone who has done a bad thing The policeman arrested the thief. Theyve arrested almost everybody. The criminal was arrested 及物动词 vt. 吸引；使注意 catch and hold; attract The sight arrested my attention. His words arrested peoples attention. 名词 n. 逮捕 seizing The police made an arrest last night. 昨晚警察逮捕了一个人。 6. command 及物动词 vt. 命令 order The policeman commanded the car to stop. The officer commanded his men to fire. Do what I command. The pirate chief commanded that the prisoners should be shot. 及物动词 vt. 统率；指挥 have authority over; be in control of They were commanded by a captain and a corporal. 及物动词 vt. 控制 control You must command your temper. 及物动词 vt. 能任意处理；运用自如 have within reach;be able to use He commands a large vocabulary of English. 名词 n. 命令 an order; the act of commanding or bidding They marched on by sb.s command. The policeman gave the command to stop. The soldiers must obey their generals commands. He was in command of the army. 他指挥军队。 名词 n. 控制；精通 ability to control; mastery He has a good command of English. 他英语掌握得很好。 7. charge 动词 v. 控告 say in a law court, etc. that someone has done wrong The police charged the man with stealing the money. He was charged with murder. They charged that the police had beaten three students to death. 动词 v. 收费；要（人）支付（多少钱） to ask for money for something He charged me $1.50 for mending the watch. How much do you charge for making a suit? 动词 v. 攻击；突击；进攻 make an attack; rush The whole line charged. The angry elephants charged the men. 动词 v. 充电 put power into something He forgot to charge the battery. 名词 n. 指控；控告 words that a policeman says when he catches someone who has done wrong The police brought a charge against the thief. The man went to court on a charge of stealing. 名词 n. 收费；要价 payment asked for something These books are free of charge. 名词 n. 交与某人的工作责任；托付某人照料的事务或人；责任；委托 work given to sb. as a duty; thing or person given or entrusted to sb. to be taken care of; responsibility; trust I put the children in your charge. 名词 n. 攻击 an attack 8. attach 及物动词 vt. 给较大之物或主体 装 结，缚，系，附，贴，粘 上 to, on He attached the label to his trunk. The clerk attached a price tag to each article. He attached a stamp（to the letter）. 及物动词 vt. 使 附属 于主体，使归属于to This hospital is attached to our medical department. 及物动词 vt. oneself附于，附着于to Shellfish usually attach themselves to rocks. 及物动词 vt. 加 添 于上to attach ones signature to a document 9. switch n. 开关；转换；枝条；鞭子 v. 转换 名词 n. 开关；电闸 small handle, knob, or button that turns electricity on and off The light switch is on the wall near the door. 名词 n. 改变；变更 a change We made a switch in our plan to go swimming when it started to rain. 动词 v. 接通或切断（电流） press a handle, knob or button to turn electricity on or off Our radio switches off by itself. 动词 v. 转换；改变 change to something different He switched from a back seat to a front seat so that he could see more. 三. 重难点词汇辨析 be used asbe used by be used for 表示“被用作”或“被用来作” ，后面接名词或 ving，其中 for 表示目的。be used as 表示“作为而用”或“用作” ， 后面接名词或动词不定式，强调使用的工具及手段。be used by 表示“由使 用” ，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调使用者。 练习：用 be used for，be used as 或 be used by 填空。 A telephone better communication（交流）. The motorbike Liu Ming . A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open . Keys：is used for；is used by；is , used as be pleased with; be pleased at（或 about）;be pleased to （1）The manager you before （2）My boss must see you again in HongKong （3）I seeing so many students present （4）I hear Mr Zhao your article 析： was pleased with。表示“对满意；喜欢”后面通常接指人 的名词或代词。 be pleased to。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事” ，其中 to 是不定式符号， 后面接动词原形。 am pleased at（或 about） 。be pleased at（或 about）表示“对（看到 或听到的）事感到高兴， ”后面接指事的名词或 ving。 is pleased at（或 about） 。解析同。 be to do sth；be about to do sth；be going to do sth. be to do sth. 表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，后可跟时间状语。如： Youre to hand in your papers by 10 oclock . 十点钟以前你得交上试 卷。 be about to do sth. 表示打算或安排即将发生的动作，它通常不与时间状语 连用。如： I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door . 我正要出去， 这时有人敲门。 be going to do sth. 有三层含义： 表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。如： Were going to spend our holidays in Wales this year . 今年我们打算 到威尔士度假。 用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。如： Im going to be twenty next month . 下个月我就二十岁了。 有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。如： Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm 瞧那些乌 云，暴风雨就要来了。 beat; strike; hit strike 通常表示“打一下、打若干下” ，不一定都是有意的；还有“打动、 使着迷、某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义；也可指“打、擦出（火） ， （蛇、 兽）抓，咬，或（钟）敲响” 。 hit 指“打中”或“对准来打” ， “敲打或打击对方的某一点” 。 beat 着重“连续地打击” 。如：殴打或体罚；也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败 对方；也指“心跳” 。 【典型例题】 The only way to travel is on foot The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like Paleolithic Man, Neolithic Man, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label Legless Man. Histories of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea. The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says Ive been there. You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say Ive been there meaning, I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers. 1. Anthropologists label nowadays men Legless because A. people forget how to use his legs. B. people prefer cars, buses and trains. C. lifts and escalators prevent people from walking. D. there are a lot of transportation devices. 2. Traveling at high speed means A. peoples focus on the future. B. a pleasure. C. satisfying drivers great thrill. D. a necessity of life. 3. Why does the author say we are deprived of the use of our eyes ? A. People wont use their eyes. B. In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless. C. People cant see anything on his way of travel. D. People want to sleep during traveling. 4. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A. Legs become weaker. B. Modern means of transportation make the world a small place. C. There is no need to use eyes. D. The best way to travel is on foot. 5. What does a birds-eye view mean? A. See view with birds eyes. B. A bird looks at a beautiful view. C. It is a general view from a high position looking down. D. A scenic place. VOCABULARY 1. Paleolithic 旧石器时代的 2. Neolithic 新石器时代的 3. escalator 载送滑雪者上坡的装置 5. mar损坏，毁坏 6. blur 模糊不清，朦胧 7. smear 涂，弄脏，弄模糊（尤指画面、轮廓等） 8. evocative 引起回忆的，唤起感情的 9. El Dorado（由当时西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲）黄金国，宝山，富庶之乡 10. Kabul 喀布尔（阿富汗首都） 11. Irkutsk 伊尔库茨克（原苏联亚洲城市） 难句译注与答案详解 The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路 难句译注 1. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. 参考译文：飞机旅行，你只可俯视世界如果机翼碰巧挡住了你的视线，就 看得更少了。 2. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows. 参考译文：如果乘车或火车旅行，郊外模糊朦胧的景象不断地掠过窗口。 写作方法与文章大意： 文章以因果写作方法，写出了由于种种现代化交通设施、人们不需用脚走路， 甚至也不需要用眼看景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机，车、机速度飞 快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼成为“无脚之人” 。一切 都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步经历现实。 答案详解： 1. A 人们忘了用脚。答案在第一段：人类学家把以往年代的人们分别标上旧石 器时代、新石器时代人，等等。干脆利落地总结了一个时期。当他们转向 20 世纪， 他们肯定会标上“无脚的人” 。因为在 20 世纪，人们忘了如何用脚走路。男人女人 早年外出就坐车、公共汽车、火车。大楼里由电梯、自动扶梯，不需要人们走路。 即使度假期间，他们也不用脚。他们筑有缆车道、滑雪载车的路直通山顶。所有的 风景旅游区都有大型的汽车停车场。 B 人们喜欢汽车、公交车、火车等。 C 电梯、自动扶梯制止人们走路。 D 有 许多交通运输工具。 2. A 人们的注意力在未来。见最后一段第一句话：当你高速旅行，现在等于零， 你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间盯在前面到达的某个地方。真到了，又没有 意义了，你还要再向前进。 B 是一种欢乐。 C 满足司机强烈的渴望。第二段中提及司机醉心于开车、不停车但不是快速前 进着眼于未来。 D 生活的需要。这一条在第一段中提及这种情况是因为他们那异常的生活方法 强加给时代的居民。这是指不用脚走路，而用一切代步器交通运输工具，不是 开快车。 3. C 人们在旅行途中什么都见不到。答案在第二段，由一地转向另一地，路上 你什么都没有见到。乘飞机你只能俯视世界，火车，汽车，只见外界朦胧景象掠过 窗子。海上旅游，只见到海。 “我到过那里”此话含义就是“我以一小时一百英里 在去某某地方时经过那里” 。正因为如此，作者指出将来的历史书上会记录下：我 们被剥夺了眼睛的应用。 A 人们不愿用眼睛。 B 在高速旅行中，眼睛没有用了。 D 旅行中，人们想睡 觉。 4. D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分别讲述了旅行可不用脚、 不用眼等情况。第三段，在讲述了人们只知向前向前，一切经历都停滞，现实不再 是现实，还不如死的好。而用脚走路的旅行者总是生活在现实，对他来说旅行和到 达是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整个身体去体验现在时 刻、旅行终点，他感到全身舒坦愉悦的疲劳，美美享受满足的酣睡；一切真正旅行 者的真实报偿。这一段就是作者写文章的目的走路是旅行的最佳方式。 A 脚变得软弱无力。 B 现代交通工具把世界变小。 C 没有必要用眼睛。 C 从高出向下看的景致：俯视。 A 用鸟的眼睛看景点。 B 鸟在看美景。 D 风景点。 【模拟试题】 An expensive car speeding down the main street of a small town was soon caught up with by a young motorcycle policeman. As he started to make out the ticket, the woman behind the wheel said proudly, “Before you go any further, young man, I think you should know that the mayor of this city is a good friend of mine.” The officer did not say a word, but kept writing. “I am also a friend of chief of police B