高一英语寒假专题——情态动词（I）人教版知识精讲

高一英语寒假专题高一英语寒假专题情态动词（情态动词（I I）人教版人教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 寒假专题情态动词（I） 1. 掌握情态动词的种类，形式。 2. 区别近义的情态动词，掌握虚拟初步用法。 二. 情态动词 1. must、can、could、may、might、will / would、shall / should、need、dare must 的肯定式表示“必须” ，否定式 mustnt 表示“禁止，严禁”的意思。 如： You must come here . You mustnt take the book away from the library . 同义词为 have to do , 表示“不得不”一般表示客观原因造成的“不得不、 被迫” 如：My car was broken , so I had to walk home . can 的肯定式表示“能、会” “可以” ，否定式 cant 表示“不能，不会， 不可以” 。 如：He can swim . I cant swim . You can go now . 同义词为 be able to do , 也表示“能，会”一般表示经过努力才具有的能 力与 can 的区别，主要是它可有时态。 如： He was able to count to 10 , 000 when he was 3 . He will be able to walk next month . may 表示“可以” ，否定式 may not 表示“不可以”表示经某人允许。 如：You may go home now . You may not go home now . will 表示“将要，打算”用于将来时，否定式 will not / wont 表示 “将不” “不打算” 。 如：He will come here next week . He wont come home . shall 用于第一人称后表示“将要” “打算”否定式 shall not 表示“将不， 不打算” 。 如：We shall go home together . I shall go there first . 用于其他人称后表示“必须，得”与 must 相近，但表示别人认为主语“应该， 得” 如：He shall go and see his aunt . Shall he open the door ? need 表示“需要” ，否定式 neednt 表示“不需要，不用” 如：He need do some washing . You neednt stay here any more . dare 表示“敢于”否定式 dare not 表示“不敢” 如：He dare say no to wrong things . He dare not go home alone at night . 注：need 与 dare 除情态动词用法外还有实意动词用法，且意义不变。 如： He needs some water . He doesnt need to go home . He needs to go to the hospital right now . 2. could , would , should , might 这四个词除了做过去式外，还表示委婉语，此时与时态无关。 could 表示“可以” 如： You could open the door . Could you please give me the cup ? Could I come in ? would 表示“可以，是否可以”此时一般只用疑问式且只用于 you 如： Would you please give me the book ? Would you please not go away ? would like to do 表示“愿意，喜欢” 如： Would you like to go with me ? I would like to buy this book . should 表示“应该” “必须” ；ought to 用于表示“应该” （强调客观上）： （大多情况可用 should 代替） 如： You should give me the book back . What should we do next? He shouldnt go out on such a bad day . You ought to go to see the doctor. You oughtnt（ought not）to smoke so much. Each member shall wear a name card.（表示规定） I should answer his letter as soon as possible.（表示应该） You shouldnt judge a man always by the clothes. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. might 表示“可以”与 may 基本上可互换，但他语气较弱。 如： You might go home , but you must finish your homework . 3. 情态动词之间的问答与反义疑问句 May / Can I go home now ? . tmustnyou,No . tcan/notmayyou,No ./canmayyou,Yes Must I stay here ? . tneednyou,No .mustyou,Yes Shall we go now ? All right . Need I return the book ? . tneednyou,No .need/mustyou,Yes Shall I make some tea ? .thanks,No .please,Yes ?youmay/can,homegotmustnYou ?Itneedn/tmustn,homegomustI ?hetmayn/tcan,nowgomayHe ?Imay/can,thatdonotcan/notmayI ?youmust/need,bookthereturntneednYou . Itneedn,bookthereturnneedI 【典型例题】 例 1 Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can （答案为 C，表示有把握的主观推测用 should 不用 can，can 表示自然而然的 推测，且很少用于肯定句中） 例 2 Mr. Brown, many students want to see you, _ they wait here or outside? A. shall B. will C. can D. would （答案为 A，shall 用于第三人称时表示征求某人对此人的意见） 例 3 When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon . They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need （答案为 B，同例 1） 例 4 I _ advise you not to do that again in the future. A. dare B. would C. should D. need （答案为 C，此处 should 译为“必须” ，表劝告） 例 5 When I went out，whom _ I meet but our old friend？ A. should B. could C. might D. would （答案为 A，表示“应该” ， “需不需要” ，征询意见） 例 6 The room is so dirty _we clean it? Of course A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do （答案为 B，同上） 例 7 Whats wrong with your car? I dont know. It just _ start. A. mustnt B couldnt C. wouldnt D. shouldnt （答案为 C，此处不强调车子的能力，而强调事实本身，故用 wouldnt，且 此句中宜用 cant 而不是 couldnt） 例 8 You _ take my raincoat. I _ do without it till tomorrow morning. A. may, can B. may, may C. can, may D. must, can （答案为 A，前面表示许可，后面表示能够） 例 9 How_ there be such a thing? A. may B. can C. must D. will （答案为 B，表示可能性大的推测） 例 10 He_ have the book when I finish reading it. A. will B. shall C. must D. ought （答案为 A，表示将要） 例 11 Be quiet, please, or his voice _ be heard. A. cant B. mustnt C. isnt able to D. may not （答案为 D，表示可能性，A 太绝对） 例 12 Why_ you always interrupt me? A. can B. will C. may D. must （答案为 D，此处表示总得，一定要） 例 13 What _ we to do next ? A. have B. used C. ought D. are （答案为 C，ought to do 疑问式） 例 14 If your children _ do as I tell you , you _ let them be. A. wont, shant B.（不填）, will C. dont, shant D. must, shall （答案为 C，主将从现） 例 15 Man _ die without air or water. A. will B. shall C. should D. would （答案为 A，表示大的可能性） 例 16 This pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. Whose _ it be? A. must B. can C. would D. will （答案为 B，推测提问） 例 17 _ I to go and apologize for my mistake? A. Should B. Need C. Ought D. Have （答案为 C，ought to do 疑问式） 例 18 May I talk about it with anyone I like? No, you _. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to （答案为 B，表示不可以，禁止） 例 19 A teacher_ do every exercise, but a pupil must. A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt （答案为 B，表示不必要） 【模拟试题】 （ ）1. I get there on time today ? No , you neednt . A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should （ ）2. May I talk about it with anyone I like ? No , you . A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to （ ）3. A teacher do every exercise , but a pupil must . A. maynt B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt （ ）4. Will you please give her a message when you see her ? Yes , I . A. shall B. will C. can D. must （ ）5. Would you come back later next time ? No , I . A. shant B. wouldnt C. wont D. mustnt （ ）6. Must we finish copying all these articles this morning ? No , you . A. mustnt B. havent C. not have to D. dont have to （ ）7. The little girl dance before so many guests , she ? A. doesnt dare to , dare B. darent , does C. dares not , dare D. darent , dare （ ）8. you tell me whats happening over there ? A. Could B. May C. Might D. Shall （ ）9. I have a word with the manager , sir ? A. Will B. Would C. May D. Can （ ）10. Something flying far away must be a hawk . No , it be a hawk . A. mustnt B. mightnt C. cant D. might （ ）11. Man reach the moon or any other star in the universe now , but we get there years ago . A. can ; couldnt B. are able to ; werent able to C. must ; neednt D. can ; had to （ ）12. Grandfather , my sister come ? A. will B. shall C. would D. could （ ）13. “ What I do for you ? ” means “ I help you ? ” A. can , May B. shall ; Need C. can ; Can D. will ; Shall （ ）14. May I use your camera this Sunday ? No , you . A. neednt B. may not C. wont D. mustnt （ ）15. I like to go to the cinema with mother on Saturday evening . A. will B. shall C. would D. can （ ）16. You mind your own business . A. should B. are able C. have to D. had better （ ）17. The speaker spoke slowly so that he be heard clearly . A. would B. should C. could D. shall （ ）18. The patient live long for his cancer . A. has to B. mustnt C. can not D. neednt （ ）19. That naughty boy go out alone at night . A. dare not B. dare not to C. doesnt dare D. didnt dare （ ）20. May I see the secretary ? Try . But she （可能不）want to meet anyone . A. cant B. can C. may not D. may be not （ ）21. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should （ ）22. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to （ ）23. The monitor must be in the reading-room,_? A. mustnt B. doesnt C. neednt D. isnt （ ）24. He hardly _ say anything more, since you know all about it. A. dont B. neednt C. needs D. need （ ）25.You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need coming D. neednt come （ ）26. May I pick a flower in the garden ? _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont （ ）27.Helen, will you be at the party tonight ? Yes, but I have so much homework to do that I really _. A. wont B. cant C. mustnt D. shouldnt （ ）28. If you listen to me, you _ have some candies, Deary . A. shall B. may C. will D. must （ ）29. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. will D. must （ ）30.Dare you go home at night ? _. A. Yes, I do B. No, I darent C. No, I dont D. Yes, I dare so. （ ）31. When you go abroad, do you _ take your passport ? A. have to B. ought to C. be able to D. need （ ）32.You must phone us every week. Yes, I _. A. must B. have to C. will D. should （ ）33. Your language teacher looks a rather kind woman. But in fact she is cold and hard on us. You _ believe it. A. should B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. might not. （ ）34. A wise man _ sometimes make a mistake. A. can B. may C. might D. must （ ）35. Dont get the ink on your shirt, for it _. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. doesnt wash out D. cant be washed out （ ）36. Is your father still an engineer ? _. A. Yes, he was B. He didnt use to C. No, but he used to D. No, but he used to be （ ）37. There are so many people in the street that I _ get through. A. cant B. couldnt C. neednt D. mustnt （ ）38. The classroom is empty. They must have gone to the sports ground,_? A. dont they B. didnt they C. havent they D. hadnt they （ ）39. You ought to have come earlier. Yes, I _.But the traffic was heavy. A. ought to B. should C. must have D. should have （ ）40. Last night he hurt his leg, but at last he _ get home safely. A. could B. can C. dare D.