高一英语模块3 Unit 3 Word study牛津版

Unit 3 Word study1. take over 夺取，接管，接替（职务）e.g. Our firm took over two fruit packing companies last year.Miss Smith is leaving to get married and Miss Jones will be taking over the class.Henrys taken over the running of the family firm from his old brother.相似词组：take after 长得像,性格等像e.g. Margaret takes after her father in being strong-willed.He takes after his father in mathematical ability.take away 拿走; 使停学,使离开e.g. The child was taken away from school.take back 收回（诺言，话语等）；送回；退货e.g. I take back what I said.Some of these library books are long overdue. I really must take them back.take by 握住（某处），拉住（某部分）e. g. He took Mary by the hand and led her to his room.take down 拿下，取下；记下来；拆卸；杀威风e.g. The pupils took down the notes which the teacher had written on the blackboard.In the evening the campers put up a tent, and the next morning they took it down.A person who is always trying to take other people down gets himself disliked.take for (to be) （错）当作，以为是e.g. Do you take me for a fool?I keep telling myself never to take anything for granted (认为是理所当然).take in 接受（房客，客人）；理解，领会，明白；包括，涉及；哄骗，欺骗；订阅；相信，轻信e.g. The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.The study of physics takes in many different subjects.The poor man took in all the lies she told him.Dont trust that fellow; hell take you in if he gets the chance.take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞；匆匆离开；取消，停止；休假，请假；打折扣；模仿（讲话等）；减轻体重e.g. Bill was tired out so he took the day off.He used to take off his teacher to make his friends laugh.I grabbed my hat and took off for the Town Hall.His shopkeeper took off 5 per cent discount for each.take out 取出；带 出去；洗去，使退色；奔跑e.g. How can I take out the ink-stains from my blouse?When the window broke, the boys took out in all directions.take up 开始学习（某课程）；出事某种活动，发展某种爱好；讨论，向提出；开始做某项工作；占用，占掉；继续（讲述）；接受；吸起（墨水，尘土）e.g. Ill take up the story where I finished yesterday.This big bed takes up a lot of room.John took up art while at school.Id like to take Pauls case up with a lawyer.2. civilization 文明，文化e.g. Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.The history students hoped to compare the civilizations of ancient China and Japan.civilize vt. 使文明 / 开化；给予教育e.g. Teachers sent there by the government will help to civilize the wild tribes there.civilized 开化的， 有教养的3. director 主管，负责人；导演，乐队指挥，指导者e.g. The director has spies in every department.Her husband is a film director.direct v. 指路，指引；导演；指挥；指示，命令；朝着e.g. The police directed the crowd to move back.Please direct your attention to what I am demonstrating.direct adj. 直接的，笔直的；直率的，坦率的e.g. He got a direct flight to Tangier.You are the most direct young man Ive ever come across.direct adv. 直接，一直地e.g. We went direct to the station.directly adv. 直接地；直率地；马上，一会儿；一 就 = as soon ase.g. Its a measure which will directly benefit the mass of the people.She answered me very directly and openly.Ill be ready directly.Directly you feel any pains, you must go to the doctor.direction n. 方向(可数); 指导,指挥,导演(不可数); 指示,说明,指引(多作复数)e.g. She hurried away in the opposite direction.Shots were fired about in all directions.The directions on the package were to put the vegetables in cold water.Under his direction she set herself to learn Latin.4. lecture n. (on , about)give a lecture onlecture v. 1. 讲课，演讲 2。责备lecture on/ about sth He lectured a small class on modern drama.lecture sb. for sth. The teacher lectured the girl for her being late.5. remains 残留物; 遗体 ;遗址e.g. Dinny drank up the remains of her coffee.His remains lie in the churchyard.the remainder 剩余、残存之物或人Ten persons were rescued from the burning building, but the remainder were still inside.remain vi. 剩下, 还有; 继续存在, 留下e.g. If you take away 3 from 8, 5 remains.All had left their seats and gone home hours ago, but he remained.The children ate and ate until no food remained on the table.There remain only a few ruins that remind us of the old days.remain link-v. (继续)保持, 仍然处于(某种状态)(1) 跟形容词e.g. She remained comparatively calm.(2) 跟分词e.g. But they remained unfinished.(3) 跟名词e.g. Why he did it remained a puzzle for ever.They remain good friends even though they entered different middle schools.(4) 跟介词短语e.g. Some people remained in deep poverty in those years.(5) 跟其他结构e.g. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.Nothing remains to be said.6. condition n. 状况，状态， 情形（多作不可数名词），有时可指健康状况e.g. His condition was described as serious.My car is old but in good condition.He is not in a condition to make a long trip.（ = be in no condition to do（身体状况）状况不适宜做某事）情况，环境，生活，工作，气候等条件（多作复数）e.g. What are present conditions like in your country now?Their wages, working conditions must be improved.in (out of) condition 身体很好（不适）条件，条款 （of / for + n）on this condition 在这一条件下 on condition that 条件是Ill come on condition that my parents are invited, too.on no condition 在任何条件下都不, on no condition绝不要You should on no condition visit that place.in good condition （完好无损）e.g. You may borrow the book, on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.Everything arrived in good condition.You must on no condition tell him what happened.7major adj. 较大的，大的 (数量、价值、程度)a major earthquakeThe major part of a little babys life is spent in sleeping.The major part of the job is done by machine.主要的；重要的; 一流的e.g. major industries , a major problem , a major painterShe chose physics as her major subject.He planned to take chemistry as his major.majority n. 多数人, 大部分人(多和the 连用) （投票时的）多数（可加不定冠词）e.g. The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.He won by a majority of two: the vote was seven to five.in the majority 占多数8. explode vi. 爆炸 vt. 使爆炸e.g. Fortunately, no one was hurt when the gas main exploded.The soldiers exploded the gunpowder under the bridge.The time bomb exploded but nobody was injury.The audience exploded with / in laughter.explosion n. 爆炸（可数）e.g. Soon afterwards five explosions were heard from the area.The explosion shook the whole building.an explosion of laughter.explosive adj. 会爆炸的，有爆炸性的9. carry out 实施，执行，进行e.g. He didnt carry out his promise to us.I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.carry on 进行 ；进行下去，继续下去；有时可跟动名词e.g. Well carry on our conversation tomorrow.They carried on building the house.carry on with 把继续下去， 继续干e.g. After his father died, Bill carried on with the business.carry off 夺走，拐走；使-死掉； 使-成功，顺利进行（一项艰难工作）， 成功应付（尴尬局面）e.g. After destroying the village the enemy carried off all the cattle.She was carried off by a heart attack.The spy planned to deceive the enemy soldiers and carried it off very well.carry through 进行到底，完成，实现, 有时和with, to the end连用；使渡过（困难，危险等）e.g. He carried through the work in a month.These aims will be carried through to the end.A growing confidence in the new leaders helped to carry the soldiers through.10. unfortunately （常修饰整句）Unfortunately , he didnt pass the examination.unfortunate an girl / happeningunfortunate to do sth.She was to miss the last train.It was that she missed the last train.11. be buried in = bury oneself in 埋头于12. wealthy He succeeded in business and was very wealthy.a country wealthy in natural resources13. commerce Shanghai is the center of commerce in China.foreign commerce / develop commercea commercial town阅读理解（A）Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvards law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. Theres so much to learn that one kind of school cant offer it all.1.The oldest university in the US is _.A. Yale B. Harvard C. Princeton D. Columbia2.From the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years,_.A. those colleges and universities were the sameB. people, young or old, might study in the collegesC. students studied only some languages and scienceD. when the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachers3.Modern languages the Harvard taught in 1825 were _.A. Latin and GreekB. Latin, Green, French and GermanC. American history and GermanD. French and German4.As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach_.A. everything that was knownB. law and something about medicineC. many new subjectsD. the subjects that interested students5.On the whole, the passage is about_.A. how to start a universityB. the world-famous colleges in AmericaC. how colleges have changedD. what kind of lesson each college teaches(B) Stepping into a pool of water is common enough, but who could ever imagine ; stopping into a pool of fish ?In February of 1974, Bill Tapp ,an Australian farmer ,saw a rain of fish that covered his farm .How surprised he must have been when he heard many fish hitting against his roof!What caused this strange occurrence? This is a question that had long puzzled people who study fish .The answer turned out to be a combination of wind and storm.When it is spring in the northern part of the world, it is fall in Australia, Throughout the autumn season, terrible storms arise and rains flood the land .The strong winds sweep over Australia like huge vacuum cleaners, collecting seaweed, pieces of wood, and even schools of fish. Strong winds may carry these bits of nature for many miles before vacuum dropping them on fields, houses, and astonished people. Although they seem unusual, fish-falls occur quite frequently in Australia. When Bill Tapp was asked to describe the scene of fish ,he remarked, “They look like millions of dead birds falling down.” His statement is not surprising .The wonders of the natural world are as common as rain .Nature ,with its infinite wonders ,can create waterfalls that flow upward and fish that fall out of the sky.6. What is this passage about?AA sad story. BA rain of fish.CAustralias northern part . DThe damage done by floods.7. Fish-falls occur in Australia_ .Aquite often Bon large farmsConly in winter Dwhen the air is calm8. It is a known fact that_ .Aone should watch where one stepsBBill Tapp is a scientist who studies farmingCthe natural world can never create waterfalls that fall upwardDthe seasons in the southern part are different from those in the north9. The word “infinite” is closest in meaning to_.Aeasy Bdifficult Ccountless Ddangerous.完形填空Ive always loved pigeons(鸽子). Some years ago I managed to persuade my wife to let me buy a few and start 1 them myself. They cost a lot of money and so it spoilt(破坏)our 2 a bit, but my wife never actually stopped me so I 3 carried on. I learnt so much about them that I could 4 a good racer anywhere and I bought some beauties. My pigeons won some top races, and I even began to make a bit of 5 . You see, people are prepared to pay big prices if they get to know that your pigeons are 6 big prizes. My wife had been changing her 7 to the pigeons over the last year or two anyway. She was quite 8 of all the prizes wed won. Then there was the travelling, which she liked. You see someone has to take the pigeons a 9 way off and release them. Some of the 10 were really nice. I never travelled. I used to like to wait at home and see them come in. Theyve got this wonderful sense of 11 , which can bring them back home so quickly. Theyd flown hundreds of miles sometimes 12 storms or against strong winds. And there theyd come, tiny white birds against the great 13 . Then Id watch them 14 round and come down onto the landing shel