人教版2020届高三一轮复习Unit 15 Popular youth culture教案

Unit 15 Popular youth culture考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:1. 重点单词与短语voluntary; annual; acknowledge; elder; breathless; eyesight; beneficial; dizzy; weekly; communist; satisfaction; eager; timetable; starve; adjustment; jeans; mature; uniform; casual; shopkeeper; adolescent; straight away; depend on; apply for; come true; fit in with;句型They took their favourite pair of jeans with them to wear in their free time, and this is how American jeans were introduced to the world. how 引导的表语从句的用法Many schools in the USA did not approve of students wearing jeans to school and they forbade them.When Lin Ying graduated from Zhengzhou Normal University she decided not to apply for a job straight away. straight away的用法Education is essential to poverty itself, so Lin Yings work is making a big difference to the childrens future. It be adj. + that 从句（从句中用虚拟语气即：should + v.）语法：语言综合技能学习 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握voluntary; annual; acknowledge; elder; breathless; eyesight; beneficial; weekly; satisfaction; eager; timetable; starve; adjustment; mature; uniform; casual; straight away; hold back; depend on; apply for; come true; fit in with;等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握how 引导的表语从句的用法；动名词作宾语的用法；It be adj. + that 从句（从句中用虚拟语气即：should + v.）。教材知识归纳知识归纳1. On the annual International Volunteers Day, the world acknowledges the work of millions of people who give their time to help others.acknowledgev.承认，为表示感谢，常用于以下结构：(1) acknowledge + 名词Do you acknowledge defeat?你认输吗？She acknowledged his help in her book.她在书中对他的帮助表示谢意。(2) acknowledge + 动词的-ing 形式（不接不定式作宾语）The opponents acknowledged having been defeated.对手们承认输了。acknowledge + thatThey refused to acknowledge that they were defeated.他们拒绝承认被打败了。He was acknowledged to be the finest poet in the world.他是公认的世界上最优秀的诗人。相关归纳：(1)acknowledgement n.词组：in acknowledgement of 承认，感谢He was given a gold watch in acknowledgement of his work for the business.公司给他一块金表，以感谢他为公司效力。(2)acknowledgedadj. 公认的She is the acknowledged leader in her field of chemistry.她是化学领域公认的权威。volunteer 的用法：派生词：volunteern. 志愿者，自愿参加者voluntaryadj. 自愿的，主动的，无偿的voluntarilyadv. 自发地involuntaryadj. 非自愿的involuntarilyadv. 非自愿地Few volunteers came forward.没什么自告奋勇的人。The prisoner made a voluntary statement.那个犯人主动地做了供述。Charities rely on voluntary donations.慈善事业依靠自愿捐献。She does voluntary social work.她从事义务社会工作。He made the promise quite voluntarily. I did not force him to.他非常自愿地答应的，我没有强迫他。He gave an involuntary smile.他不自觉地笑了。注意：volunteer to do sth.I volunteered to search for the missing child.我自愿去寻找那个失踪的孩子。He volunteered to join the army.他自愿参军。2. We want to promote awareness of hunger because every day children are dying of starvation.starvev. 挨饿，饿死派生词：starvationn.Thousands of cattle are starving.成千上万的牛正在挨饿。She is starving herself to try to lose weight.她正在用节食的办法减轻体重。I am starving; lets have a big dinner.我快饿死了，让咱们好好吃上一顿吧。In 19th-century Ireland, people died of starvation when the potato crop failed.在19世纪的爱尔兰，人们在土豆减产时饿死。相关归纳：(1)starve sb. out( of sth.) 将某人饿得从隐藏处出来It took 8 days to starve them out (of the building).用了8天的时间才把他们饿得（从那座建筑物里）出来了。(2)starve to death 饿死He got lost in the desert and starved to death.他在沙漠中迷路饿死了。(3)starve for sth. 渴望得到The girl is starving for attention.这个小女孩渴望得到照顾。(4)be starved of 非常需要，没有The engine was starved of petrol and wouldnt start.发动机没有汽油了，启动不了。Many children starve for love.许多儿童渴望得到爱。3. she decided not to apply for a job straight away.straight(1)adj. 直的,端正的Is my tie straight?我的领带系得正不正？I have straight, not curly hair.我的头发是直的，不是卷的。(2)adv. 成直线地, 径直Look straight ahead.一直往前看。Ill come straight to the point-your work isnt good enough.我要直截了当地说-你的工作做得不够好。straightenv.使变直Straighten your back (up).把背挺直。The road straightens after a series of bends.这条路经过几个转弯之后就直了。Straighten your tie.把你的领带弄正。相关归纳：(1) keep a straight face绷着脸,忍住不笑He has such a strange voice that its difficult to keep a straight face when hes talking.他的声音古怪,说起话来很难让人不笑。(2)put sth. straight将某物弄整齐Please put your desk straight before you leave the office.请你先把办公桌收拾好再离开办公室。(3)straight away立刻地,毫不犹豫地I told her straight away that it was a foolish idea.我立刻就告诉了她这个想法很傻。(4)straight out 直截了当地I told him straight out that I thought he was lying.我直率地对他说我认为他是在撒谎。(5)straighten sb. out 使某人消除疑虑,给某人解释清楚；使改正，使好转Youre clearly rather muddled about office procedures but Ill soon straighten you out.你显然不大明白办事的手续,我很快就给你解释清楚。When he was young, he drank too much, but his wife has straightened him out.他年轻时酗酒成性，他妻子帮他改正了这个毛病。Education is essential to poverty itself, so Lin Yings work is making a big difference to the childrens future.essential adj.(1)必要的,不可缺的Much exercise is essential to ones health.多运动对健康很重要。It is essential that we should master a foreign language.我们掌握一门外语是很有必要的。(2)本质的,实质的;基本的There is no essential difference between the two drafts.两份草稿没有本质上的不同。4. Volunteer work often opens up opportunities for young people because employers and education leaders know that it builds confidencebuild up(1)增进He tried to build up his strength.他试图增进体质。(2)使增大He has built up a good business over the years.几年来他生意做得很兴旺。(3)建筑物遍布The village has been built up since liberation.自从解放以来这个村庄已经建筑物遍布5. We wanted to promote awareness of hungerpromote vt.(1)晋升；使(学生)升级He certainly ought to be promoted.他应该要提升。Pupils who pass the test will be promoted to the next higher grade.通过考试的学生将升到高一个年级去。(2)促进;发扬;引起The Prime Ministers visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。(3)发起,创立Several bankers promoted the new company.好几个银行家联手创立了这个新公司。(4)宣传,推销(商品等)Your job is to promote the new product.你的工作是促销这一新产品。promotion n.提升,晋级；促进；发起,创建；促销,推销；推销运动Theyre planning a big promotion for their new washing powder.他们正筹划举办一次新型洗衣粉的大促销行动。6. In the past I often felt I couldnt handle the pressure of studyinghandle(1)n. 柄,把手；柄状物I turned the handle and opened the door.我转了转拉手,把门打开。(2)vt.触,摸;拿;弄;搬动Do not handle the exhibits.请勿触摸展品。操作;操纵;指挥;管理He knows how to handle the machine.他会操作这台机器。对待,处理I didnt know how to handle these people.我不知道如何对付这些人。经营,经销She asked me to handle the business for her.她叫我替她做生意。7. Many schools in the USA didnt approve of students wearing jeans to school and they forbade them.approve v. 批准；认可；通过；（常与of连用）赞成，赞同My parents dont approve of me smoking cigarettes.我的父母不准许我吸烟。The resolution was approved 82 to 16 with 18 abstentions.决议以八十二票对十六票通过,十八票弃权。The Mayoress approved the new building plans.女市长批准了新建筑计划。I dont approve of wasting time.我不赞成浪费时间。I dont approve of smoking.我不赞成抽烟。8. Jeans are the first choice for 72% of those in the 15-19 age group, whereas less than half of the teenagers in the UK wear other types of casual trousers.whereas(1)(公文用语,常用在句首)鉴于Whereas the following incidents have occurred .鉴于下列事件业已发生.(2)反之;却;而Some people like fatty meat, whereas others hate it.有些人喜欢肥肉,而有些人却不喜欢。9. possessv. 持有，具有He decided to give away everything he possessed and become a monk.他决定放弃他所有的一切，出家为僧。They possess property all over the world.他们在世界各地均拥有财产。They asked me if I possess a gun.他们问我是否有枪支。短语搭配：be possessed of 具有（某品质）She is possessed of a wonderfully calm temperament.她性情非常文静possessionn. 拥有，占有possessor n. 拥有者，所有者possessiveadj. 占有欲强的短语搭配：in possession (of sth.) 占有，控制take possession of 占有，成为的所有者lose possession of 失去的所有权He was caught in possession of stolen goods.他人脏并获。While they are in possession we cant sell the house.他们还住着这个房子，我们无法出售。The soldiers took possession of the enemys fort.士兵占领了敌人的要塞。They will lose possession of their house if they dont pay the mortgage.他们如果不偿付抵押就将失去他们那所房子的所有权。Our ability to see is due to our eyesight.due adj.(1)应支付的Have they been paid the money due to them?他们是否已得到了应得的钱？(2)预期的，约定的His book is due to be published in October.他的书预定在十月份出版。The train is due in five minutes.火车预定在五分钟后到。相关归纳：(1)due to 因为，由于Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend.在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。The teams success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。(2) in due course 在适当的时候Your request will be dealt with in due course.你的要求将在适当时机予以处理。(3)owing toHe was late owing to the heavy traffic.他迟到是因为交通拥挤。We were late owing to the snow.我们迟到是因为下雪。(4) on account of 由于;因为Bill cannot come to the meeting on account of illness.比尔因病不能到会。(5) because of因为Because of the storm he didnt go there.因为暴风雨他没有去那儿。(6) as a result/consequence of 由于He was late as a result/ consequence of the snow.由于大雪他迟到了。概念提示重点/热点1：独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。二、独立主格结构的形式独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。1）名词代词形容词I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of worry我听说她在这场事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。He stood silent in the moon-light，his door open月光下，门开着，他默默地站立在那。2）名词代词现在分词Winter coming，it gets colder and colder冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。The rain having stopped ，he went out for a walk雨停了，他出去散步。3）名词代词过去分词More time given，we should have done it much better如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。The boy stood there，his right hand raised那个男生站在那里，右手高举。4）名词代词（主格）不定式Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。The two boys said good-bye to each other，one to go home，the other to go to his friends两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。5）名词代词十介词短语The huntsman entered the forest，gun in hand那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。注意：这里，gun in hand还可以说成with a gun in his hand，但不可以说a gun in hand或gun in his hand。6）名词代词十副词Nobody in，the thief took a lot of things away由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。Lunch over，he left the houseBut he was thinking午饭结束，他离开屋。但他还在考虑。7）名词代词名词He fought the wolf，a stick his only weapon他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。8）with复合结构它的构成是：“with 宾语 宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）He used to sleep with the door open他过去常开着门睡觉。（形容词）With a boy leading the way，they started towards the village由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）With the work done，he went home工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）With you to help us，we will finish the task in time由你来帮助，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on at night夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）从以上例句可以看出：在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时，用现在分词；当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时，用过去分词；当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定式；当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。三、独立主格结构的功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。1）表示时间Her work done ，she sat down for a cup of tea她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。2）表示条件The condition being favourable ，he may succeed若条件有利，他或许能成功。3）表示原因There being no taxis，we had to walk没有出租车，我们只好步行。4）表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best of all几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。四、形式选择中应该注意的问题1）现在分词还是过去分词？在独立主格结构中，主格词与分词形成逻辑主谓关系时，用现在分词。如：Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder一句中，“春天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词；主格词与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时，用过去分词。如：More money given，we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained一句中，“money”和“give”是动宾关系（被动关系），用过去分词。在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词时间之前，常用现在分词完成时态表示。如：The snow having stopped，she went out to sweep the snow in the yard2）分词结构还是独立结构？上面的例子告诉我们，独立结构常常可以看作是由主从复合句中的从句变来的。但是，如果从句和主句的主语相同，则不可改为独立结构。例如：Since he was very tired with his walk，he soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles不可改为：He being very tired with his walk，he但可改为：(Being very )tired with his walk ，he易混易错点1：I really feel I am doing something worthwhile and I am having a great time doing it.have a adj. time in doing sth.在完成某事上度过了一段的时光have some time to do sth. 有时间去做某事。We had a lot of time to finish the work by the deadline.在截至日期之前我们有很多时间去完成工作。The job was quite difficult, so we had a hard in finishing the job.这件工作相当难，因此我们费了很大困难才完成。易混易错点2：while 用法小结 (用作连词)(1) (引导状语从句) 当时候；和同时We must strike while the iron is hot.我们要趁热打铁。They arrived while we were having dinner.他们来时我们正在吃晚饭。While he read, I cooked the dinner.他在看书时，我在做饭。He was drinking orange juice while the rest of us drank whisky.我们喝威士忌酒时他喝橘汁。Ill be kind to him while you are away.你不在时我会好好待他。(2) 构成省略句。(主句的主语与从句主语一致，从句中含有系动词be时从句中的主语和系动词均可省略)His fingers trembled while doing it.他做那件事时手发抖。He had an accident while on his way to school.在上学路上他出了事故。(3) 而、可是The countryside is quiet while city is noisy.乡村是安静的，而城市是喧闹的。(4) 尽管、虽然(多用于句首)While I admit his good points I can see his bad.尽管我承认他的长处，但我也看到了他的不足。While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.尽管我喜欢那顶帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的外形。辨析：while，when与as “当时候”: while 强调同时性或某时间段内一种情况发生时另一种情况出现，与延续性动词连用；when可与延续或非延续性动词连用，在强调“当时”“这时”之意时只能用when；as强调同时性，指“一边一边”“一事发生，另一事立刻发生”。You carry on with the work while I have a rest.我休息时你继续工作。Someone knocked at the door while / when I was doing my homework.我正在做作业时有人敲门。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正要出去，电话铃响了。As the sun rose the fog disappeared.太阳一升起来雾立刻散了。He smiled as he passed. 他走过时笑了笑。注意：while与but: 二者都有“而”“然而”之意，但while强调二者的对比而but强调前后的转折关系。 He would like to go, but he cant. 他想去，但不能去。 Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none. 他们国家石油丰富，而我国一点石油都没有。讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rushC. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush解析：such 后接名词，正确的词序是such an anxious rush；so后接形容词，正确的词序是so anxious a rush。答案：D2. How did you the old valuable house?It used to be my uncle. He left it to me in his will.A. take possession of；in possession ofB. take the possession of；in the possession ofC. take possession of；in the possession ofD. take the possession of；in possession of变式1. - I find him extremely greedy.- I cant agree more. He would _ anything he sees.A. center upon B. take possession of C. take into consideration D. concentrate on解析： take possession of“拥有，占有”；in possession of“拥有”；in the possession of“为所拥有”。答案：C变式1. 答语的意思是“我完全赞成，他会占有他看见的一切东西。”take possession of“拥有，占有”。答案：B3. the homework, the children went out to have a swim.A. Having finished B. Finishing C. To finish D. Finished.变式1. Their homework_, the children went out to have a swim.A. Having finished B. Finishing C. To finish D. Finished.解析：3. 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致并且之间是主动和完成的关系，所以答案为：A变式1. 分词finish的逻辑主语是their homework 与句子主语不一致，所以该题的是考查独立主格结构用法，作业与完成之间是被动和完成的关系，所以用过去分词。答案：D4. Because of the lack of food, many of the people in the war-suffering countries are starving _ death, which has a bad impact _ the peace of the world.A. to; on B. on; to C. to; of C. of; to解析：第一空为starve to death; 第二空为have a +adl. + impact/effect on。 答案:A5. It is essential that everyone _ the law and respect others rights.A. shall obey B. should obey C. must obey D. obeys变式1. Hard work is _to success, so you should do your best.A. essential B. value C. of importance D. significance解析：5.考查句型“It + be + adj. that从句”在该句型中如果形容词为important; necessary; natural; essential等时，从句中用should + do sth. 。答案：B变式1. 考查“essential 作必不可少的”的用法。答案：A课后题：1.He tried many ways, but they no difference to his studies.A. hadB. broughtC. madeD. caused2.Judging by his look, he must have met with problems.A. puzzled; puzzledB. puzzling; puzzledC. puzzled; puzzlingD. puzzling; puzzling3.She his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked upB. look forC. referred toD. picked up4.Do you approve of the classroom?A. Mary comeB. Mary comingC. Mary enteringD. Mary entering into5.Mrs. Black was to leave as soon as possible because she was to meet her husband, who came from abroad.A. anxious; eagerB. eager; anxiousC. worried; curiousD. nervous; eager解析：1.C make a / no/ somedifference为固定搭配，指“有/没有/一些作用”。2.C look指的是人，所以应用ed分词；problem指的是物本身的性质，应用ing分词。3.A look upin意为“在查询”是固定用法。4.C of为介词后接动名词复合结构。5.A 第一空为“急于”，第二空为“期盼”之意。课后练习题A组：1.He volunteered to remote area to help the people there.A. sendingB. to sendC. to be sentD. being sent2. advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. HoweverB. WhateverC. WhatD. How3. we all know, he is an honest boy.A. WhichB. AsC. WhatD. That4.Unless the workers demands are soon there will be a strike.A. paidB. metC. permittedD. replied5.He you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give6.He is this house while that house is his elder sister.A. in possession of; in possessionB. in the possession of; in possession ofC. in possession of; in the possession ofD. on the possession of; in the possession of7.He acknowledged there.A. goingB. having goneC. to have goneD. having been8.The Olympic Games, in 776 B. C. ,didnt include women until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing9.He is eighteen and he is old enough to the army.A. take part inB. joinC. join inD. attend10.It is these poisonous products can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.A. whoB. whatC. howD. that答案1.Cvolunteer to do sth为“自愿去做”而send与主语he是被动关系。2.Bwhatever此处引导一个让步状语从句，充当形容词，意为“不管什么”。3.Bas在句首，引导非限制性定语从句，指代下文整句话大意，wh