安徽省和县2020高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解选编题3

安徽和县2020高考英语阅读理解（一轮）选编题阅读理解训练(2020青岛市二模)Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from humantohuman contact. The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength. This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the Universitys Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process. The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists skills to close this knowledge gap.”Professor Miles Carroll, a coauthor of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.”文章大意：本文是医疗科研报告。文章主要讲述了关于埃博拉病毒的研究进展情况，该病毒与什么有关系，该如何控制该病的疫情。1What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?AHow severe Ebola virus is.BHow Ebola virus spreads.CHow Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.DWhat contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.答案：C主旨大意题。A项严重的埃博拉病毒是怎么样的；B项埃博拉病毒是如何传播的；C项埃博拉病毒是如何变得致命的；D项科学家们为埃博拉病毒做出了什么样的贡献。根据题干关键词the first paragraph。通读第一段，并根据第一句话Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from humantohuman contact可知该段的大意是埃博拉病毒是如何逐渐变得致命的。故选C。2Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?AIn the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.BAs the virus spreads, itll change and become more and more deadly.CThe research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.DThe scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.答案：B推理判断题。根据文章第一段的They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe中的关键词initially可知A是错误的；根据文章的倒数第二段“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists skills to close this knowledge gap.”排除C；根据文章最后三段可排除D；根据文章第一段的最后一句话的后半句succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe可知选B。3The underlined word “fatal” has the closest meaning to _.AoptimisticBdeadlyCcommonDfantastic答案：B词义猜测题。optimistic乐观的；deadly致命的；common常见的；fantastic奇异的。根据文章第四段的The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies和该段的the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus可知埃博拉病毒变得更加致命。由此推断fatal是致命的。故选B。4Where can we probably read this passage?AIn a science report.BIn a storybook.CIn an advertisement.DIn a textbook.答案：A细节理解题。In a science report在科技报告上；In a storybook在故事书中；In an advertisement在一个广告中；In a textbook在课本中。通读全文，并根据文章介绍埃博拉病毒的研究进程判断选A。科普知识型阅读理解(二)-BStudying volcanoes is a demanding profession. Hazel Rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metres into the crater of active volcanoes. But the 38yearold volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “Driving to work is more risky，” she insists. “And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres，” she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk.Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so its not surprising she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. “I remember reading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city，” she explains. “The thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.”Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesnt take any unnecessary risk, she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounded by lava. “I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，” she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000C, so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decisionthere wasnt time to do anything else.”And what about the future? “I havent been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet. And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic，” she says. “I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.” In other words, Hazel Rymer wont be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of driving to work just yet.1. Hazels claim that “driving to work is more risky” than exploring volcanoes shows that _Apeople have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the pastBHazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself inCthere are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel livesDHazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces2. When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes?AWhen she was visiting Italy.BWhen she was at school.CWhen she was twenty.DWhen she saw Vesuvius.3. The underlined word “These” (in Paragraph 3) refers to “_”Amelting ice capsBvolcanic eruptionsCchanges in sea levelDhigher temperatures4. When Hazel was on Mount Etna, she had to _Atake a dangerous routeBtake an unnecessary riskCleave her boots behindDwalk for ten hours around the mountain5. In the future, Hazel wants to _Arevisit volcanoes she knowsBgo on holiday to the AntarcticCfind a less dangerous jobDdiscover new things about volcanoes【参考答案解析】B【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了火山学家Hazel Rymer的一些关于火山的研究活动。1D由此句话的前一句“But the 38yearold volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is.”以及此句话可知，Hazel Rymer说开车上班比对火山进行研究更危险可推断出，她是以一种谦虚的说法淡化其面临的危险。2B由第二段第二句“Her interest in volcanoes began at school.”可知她在读书时就对火山感兴趣。3C由画线词的前一句话“There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps.”可知画线词应该指的是海平线的变化。4A由第三段最后几句“I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it， she explains.She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream.I guess it was five metres.The flow was 1，000C, so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt.It was scary, but it really was a practical decision there wasnt time to do anything else.”可知她选择了从熔岩流中走过，而这是一条危险的路。5D由最后一段的内容“I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang”可知，Hazel将继续对火山进行研究，并发现一些新的东西。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper.Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either.Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell(魔咒).According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the worlds population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who dont delay. Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong.Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones.Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent(过失的）in a society that thinks of swift action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good.Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is “designed” to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.41.From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _.A.procrastination is beneficial to many studentsB.many students are under great pressure in their studyC.lots of college students are working hard to write good articles on timeD.many students are getting into the habit of delaying finishing their tasks【答案】D【解析】段落大意题。根据中心句Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.可知许多学生都有拖延完成任务的时间的习惯，故选D。42.According to the passage, procrastination probably refers to _.A. a bad habit B. a serious illness C. a difficult task D. a form of entertainment【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate,可知拖延是一种坏的习惯，故选A。43.Which of the following statements is WRONG?A.Procrastination makes people waste their time.B.Procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.C.Swift action is considered as a moral standard in the society.D.Procrastination is common among people.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time.拖延时间完成作业有可能因为时间紧，会出现更多的错误，选项B叙述的是拖延时间有可能完成 工作更好，这与原文不符，故选B。44.Which behavior belongs to procrastination?A.Never dream away the time.B.Always complete the tasks ahead of time.C.Never put off till tomorrow what should be done today.D.Always wait to work until the “good mood” or “good time”.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Procrastination is the thief of time拖延时间就是开始有任务时不做，等到自己感觉有好心情了，有好时机了在做，故选D。45.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A.Measures to deal with procrastination.B.Approaches to handling the study pressures.C.More examples to illustrate procrastination.D.Introduction to the book The Procrastination Equation.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.既然存在拖延时间的坏习惯，那么就应该采取措施处理这种坏习惯，故选A。科普知识型阅读理解(二)-COnline clothes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best, for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a “3D tape measure”.Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a programme which can take precise waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images.Using the persons height as a starting point, the software will be able to build up and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions.The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on the waist size or a “small/medium/large” scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyers perception of their own body size.Shoppers and retailers(零售商) who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment(服装) and send back illfitting clothes, researchers claimed.The project, sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC), is expected to be brought to market within two years.After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.The software will not store or transmit the image to the Internet, but will use it to judge the persons dimensions at various points on their body.Philip Delamore of the London College of Fashion said, “The potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. Currently, its common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as theyre unsure which one will fit best.”1. What is the essential part of a “3D tape measure”？AA software.BA webcam.CA microphone.DA smart phone.2. What can we learn about the “3D tape measure”？AIt will store or transmit the image to the Internet.BIt is based on the buyers perception of their size.CIt will be a coworking production.DIt uses a persons weight as a starting point.3. Compared with the traditional sizing system, a “3D tape measure” is_Aquicker Bm