湖北省2020届高三英语二轮复习 第4模块 完成句子 专题5 特殊句式与主谓一致精品学案

2020届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第4模块 完成句子 专题5 特殊句式与主谓一致专题导读“特殊句式”包括强调句、倒装句、感叹句、省略句和反意疑问句等。从近年来的高考试题看，单独考查特殊句式和主谓一致的题目很少，试题的测试经常呈交叉性，许多知识点都是嫁接在一起考查，这种交叉性的考查加大了综合考查语法的力度；同时由于该部分内容相对庞杂，学习时要注意梳理知识轮廓，细化考点的位移规律。五年高考已考测试点：否定词前置、“only 状语” 前置时引起的部分倒装；强调句型；祈使句；it/there be等习惯用法。2020年复习备考考点聚焦：主谓一致考点(1)名词作主语时的主谓一致名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数须保持一致。1单复数同形的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据具体内容决定单复数。如：Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。These means are out of date.这些方法是过时的。2含all，most，half，rest等的名词词组作主语，所指的内容是可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates work hard.我所有的同学学习都很努力。All of the water is up now.现在所有的水都用光了。3在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.在两扇窗子之间挂着一幅画。考点(2)含有连接词的主谓一致含有连接词的主谓一致是指对主语起连接作用的词会影响主语与谓语动词的一致关系。1用and或bothand连接并列主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数。若and连接的两个单数主语指同一个人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。如：The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.这位教师兼作家已来开会了。Both my brother and my sister are workers.我的哥哥和姐姐都是工人。2主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。3以or，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词一致。考点(3)不定量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致不定量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致主要是指不同的不定量词修饰名词作主语时，其谓语动词也将随之变化，与主语保持一致。1a(great)number of，many，a few修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。2a little，much，a great deal of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3(large)quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。4the number of复数名词，the amount of不可数名词，the quantity of可数名词复数/不可数名词等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。倒装考点(1)全部倒装把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有：1以here，there，out，in，up，down，away，then，now，thus开头，谓语动词多为be，come，follow，go，begin，end，主语又是名词/名词词组，则用全部倒装(若主语是代词，则不能倒装)。2当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be，come，sit，live，stand，lie，exist等时，常用全部倒装。3such作表语，置于句首，表示“这样的人/事物；上述的人/事物”，常用全部倒装。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。如：Such is their decision.他们的决定就是这样。考点(2)部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有：1用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so主语do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。2在以never，seldom，not only，rarely，scarcely，in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。3only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时用部分倒装。4在sothat，suchthat句型中，当so，such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装。5在hardlywhen，no soonerthan，not until句型中，主句须部分倒装。6as引导的让步状语从句结构为：形容词/名词/动词as主语谓语。7在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should置于句首。8however，no matter how引导的让步状语从句。强调句型考点(1)考查强调句式的基本结构：It is/was 被强调部分 that 句子的其余部分。强调的内容可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语。如果被强调的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情况一律用that。考点(2)考查含有“notuntil”句型的强调句式：It wasnt untilthat 句子的其余部分。考点(3)考查强调句式的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it 被强调部分 that 句子的其余部分。考点(4)考查变式强调句型：It must/may/might bethat；Can/Could it bethat？如：It might be his father that youre thinking of.Could it be Tom that is making the noise?注：it除了作为强调句的结构词外，其作形式主语、形式宾语及其指代用法也要引起足够的重视。it指代时间时，常考的一些句型结构：It is (about/high) time that从句(从句用should do/did)It is/has been some time since从句(从句用一般过去时)(注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定)It/This is the first/secondtime that从句(必须使用现在完成时)(这是某人第次做了某事)It was 时间点 when从句It was/will be some time before从句其他考点(1)“祈使句陈述句”句型1and, then, and then 意思是“就，那么，才”，表示按照祈使句说的去做，会产生顺应的结果。2or, or else, otherwise 意思是“否则，要不，不然的话”，表示不按照祈使句说的去做，则会产生相反的结果。考点(2)感叹句1what式感叹句Whata/an形容词单数可数名词主语谓语！What形容词复数名词主语谓语！What形容词不可数名词主语谓语！2how式感叹句How形容词/副词主语谓语！How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语！考点(3)there be句式1there be句式中的be可以有不同的时态，而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。如：There have been many great changes in our country since then.There must be a mistake somewhere.2there be句式中的be有时可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, be expected to be等替代。3there be句式中的be可用remain, live, stand, lie, exist等不及物动词替代。4there be句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，有两种形式：there being和there to be。there being在句中通常作原因状语、主语或用在介词或某些动词后作宾语。如：There being no further business, I declared the meeting closed.there to be在句中通常作某些动词的宾语。The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.5用于组成特殊句式。There is no use/point/sense (in) doing做某事没用或没意义There is no point (in) worrying about it.There is no doubt about/There is no doubt that毫无疑问There is no doubt that she has told the truth.There is no need for/There is no need to do没有必要There is no need to hurry, is there?真题典例12020湖北卷 Not until two days after the earthquake _(她发现)her mother alive. (find)1did she find考查部分倒装。Not until位于句首时，要用部分倒装。本句是一般过去式，故其答案为did she find。22020湖北卷 _(没有必要)call me when you arrive. Just come up to my house. Ill be at home all day. (there)2There is/will be no need to考查固定用法。there be no need to do意为“没有必要某事”，再根据语境可知答案为There is/will be no need。32020湖北卷 _(他突然想到)that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (occur)3It occurred to him考查 occur引导的句型。it occurs to sb that意为“某人突然想到”。根据后面的动词提示“had”，可知要用一般过去时，故答案为It occurred to him。42020湖北卷 _(比较这两把牙刷)and youll find the purple one is softer. (compare)4Compare these/the two toothbrushes考查句式结构。根据句子结构，可以判断本句是一个祈使句，因此句子要以动词原形开头，即答案为Compare these/the two tooth brushes。本题还间接考查了toothbrush的复数形式。5Not only_(要帮助)the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it. (give)5will help be given to考查倒装句、被动语态和一般将来时。当not onlybut also结构的not only放在句首时，该句的谓语要用倒装句结构；再考虑本句的“帮助”没有动作的发出者，因此用被动语态；最后结合语境，后面并列句使用了一般将来时，因此前面一句也应该用一般将来时。答案为will help be given to。6Seldom_(他们玩)video games ever since they entered college. (play)6have they played考查倒装和现在完成时。否定副词seldom等放在句首时，该句要用倒装句结构，另外，since从句提示play应该用现在完成时，由此可知答案为have they played。7It is your efforts, not your intelligence，_(决定)your success. (determine)7that determine考查强调句型和主谓一致。根据语境可知动词要用一般现在时，故答案为that determine。本题也间接考查主谓一致。新题预测考试动向预测(110小题)：1Not only _ my parents, but I also try to live up to their expectations. (respect)我不仅尊重我的父母，而且尽我所能不辜负他们的期望。1do I respect2By no means _ to move to a new city since she adapts so well to the life here.(agree)无论如何她也不会同意搬到一个新的城市，因为她适应了这里的生活。2will she agree3Only when you read between the lines several times _ the main idea of this passage. (sense)只有当你多读几遍，你才能理解文章的大意。3can you make sense of4So rapidly _ that having been used for only a year, my cellphone is out of date. (develop)科学发展得如此之快，以至于我的手机才用了一年，就落伍了。4is science developing5My good friend is showing me around her new flat, _ a beautiful garden. (lie)我的好朋友正带着我参观她的新公寓，公寓的前面有一个漂亮的花园。5in front of which lies6 Can I smoke here? Sorry, sir. At no time _ in this building. (allow)“我可以在这里抽烟吗？”“对不起，先生。在这幢楼里，任何时间都不能吸烟。”6is smoking allowed7A spokesman said that it was bad weather _ the delay. (blame)一位发言人说，是坏天气应该为延误负责。advantage7that was to blame for8So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (find)我发现计算出这道题是如此的困难，以至于我决定去向汤姆寻求建议。8did I find9It was James Watts observation of steam from a kettle _ the idea of the steam engine. (birth)是对于水壶上冒出蒸汽的观察，才让瓦特产生了发明蒸汽机的想法。9that gave birth to10I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _.(feel)我最终得到了我梦想的工作。一生之中我从未感觉如此的高兴。10had I felt so happy11Not until later, when living things were transformed from nonliving matter, that is, dead matter，_(它们才存在)(exist)11did they exist12Such_(他取得很大进步)that he was praised.(make)12great progress had he made13Only when your identity has been checked _(你才允