湖南省邵阳市2020高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础练习（6）

湖南邵阳市2020高考英语（二轮）阅读理解基础练习（6）高考英语冲刺阅读理解。After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report. The damage and death toll (伤亡) could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.Injures and deaths were relatively less in Los Angles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant (有抵抗力的) to quakes.Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints (蓝图的) for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible (柔韧的) materials, such as steel and wood, which bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact (影响) of ground vibrations (颤动). The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the buildings tip forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.1. One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _.A. new computers had been installed in the buildingsB. occurred in the residential areas (居民区) rather than on the highwaysC. large numbers of Los Angeles residents had rushed into Los Angeles for holidayD. improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节推理题。第三段提到了洛杉矶地震中死亡人数相对较少有两个原因，一个是 “because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways.” 地震在假期发生，因此城市交通清闲；另外一个是 “changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways” 建筑物和公路的构造发生了改变，故答案为D。干扰项最强的C选项不是直接的原因，不可选。2. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _ .A. counterbalance an earthquakes action on the buildingB. predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyC. help strengthen the foundation of the buildingD. measure the impact of an earthquakes vibrations答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由倒数第二段最后一句话 “When the ground shakes and the buildings tip forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.” 可知，当地面震动，建筑物倾斜，电脑会迫使建筑物向相反的方向移动，也就是说电脑的功能是平衡地震对建筑物的作用力，故答案为A。3. The smart buildings discussed in the passage _.A. would cause serious financial problemsB. would be worthwhile though costlyC. would increase the complexity of architectural designD. can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由最后一段可知，新的灵敏的结构建造起来非常昂贵，然而，它们会拯救许多生命，被地震毁坏的可能性也较小，可以推断，新的建筑物虽然昂贵，但是非常值得，故答案为B。4. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing (最小化) the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _ .A. the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital constructionB. the development of flexible building materialsC. the reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsD. early forecasts of earthquakes答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由倒数第二段 “In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, which bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations.”可知，在过去，使建筑物具有地震抗性是使用柔韧的材料，例如钢铁和木头，后来人们在建筑物和房基之间插入橡胶和钢铁，做这些的目的都是为了减小地面颤动的影响，因此要最小化地震带来的损害就是要减小地面颤动的影响，故答案为C。A、B都是减小地面颤动的方式，D选项 “早早预测地震”在文中未提，均不选。高考英语冲刺阅读理解。A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you combine the two to do something for your local environment? As early as next year it may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to bury it in a garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.A biodegradable(生物所能分解的)mobile phone was, this month, introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage consumers to recycle.Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other plastic and can be hard or soft, and is able to change shape. Over time it can also break down into the soil without giving out any poisonous chemicals. British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it forms fertilizers. These feed the seed and help the flower grow.Engineers have designed a small transparent(透明的)window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away. “Weve only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant experts to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time,” said one scientist.As phone technology is developing so quickly, people are constantly throwing their mobiles away. This means manufacturers are under pressure to find ways of recycling them. Some 650 million mobile phones have been sold this year. Most of them will be thrown away within two years, adding plastic, heavy metal and chemical waste to the environment. A biodegradable cover can offer some relief(缓解)for nature , according to the scientists.“The seed comes out and the flower grows in the pot so you dont have to concern yourself with the phone when you have finished using it,” said Kerry Kirwan. She leads the research team, which is based at the University of Warwick in Britain.1. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To tell the popularity of biodegradable cell phones.B. To persuade the reader to buy the biodegradable cell phone.C. To discuss the development of phone technology.D. To introduce an environmental-friendly cell phone to readers.答案解析：答案D。本题考查文章的写作目的。第一段引入新型手机，吸引读者；第二、三段详细介绍了该新型手机的特性，它可以分解，不污染环境；第四段介绍了该新型手机的研究过程；第五段解释为什么要开发这种手机；最后一段指出这种手机正处于开发当中。因此本文的目的是介绍一种环保手机，故答案为D。2. People throw away their cell phones most probably because .A. there is something wrong with themB. no sunflowers can grow out of themC. they are out of fashionD. they are becoming cheaper and cheaper答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。由倒数第二段首句 “As phone technology is developing so quickly, people are constantly throwing their mobiles away.”可知，由于手机技术发展迅速，人们不断地扔掉原来的手机。可以推断，手机技术发展迅速使得手机更新换代非常快，因此人们原来的手机就过时了，则将其扔掉，故答案为C。3. It could be learned from the passage that .A. developing the new type of phone is mainly to protect the environmentB. phone-makers will benefit much more from the new type of phoneC. the new type of phone will certainly be popular with users all over the worldD. the phones that can be recycled are available only in Britain now答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。第二段介绍了一种生物所能分解的手机， 第三段提到 “Over time it can also break down into the soil without giving out any poisonous chemicals.” 该手机可以在土壤里分解而不释放出有毒的化学物，倒数第二段最后一句话再次提到 “A biodegradable cover can offer some relief for nature , according to the scientists.” 该新型手机可以缓解自然污染，因此可以推断，开发新型手机主要是为了保护环境。故答案为A。4. What might be the most suitable title for this passage?A. Sunflower and Phone. B. Plant Your Phone.C. Protect Our Environment. D. No Worry about Phone.答案解析：答案为B。本题考查文章的标题。由第一段最后一句话 “When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to bury it in a garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.”可知，新的手机特点是不需要后可以埋在花园里或者花盆里，能够开花，因此B选项作为标题既能概括该手机的特点也可以吸引读。【2020高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学二模试题】CDoes Fame Drive You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, todays stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the worlds attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.According to psychologist Christina Villareal, celebrities - famous people - worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.If fame is so troublesome, why arent all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.36. It can be learned from the passage that stars today_.A. can no longer have their privacy protectedB. are often misunderstood by the publicC. spend too much on their public appearanceD. care little about how they have come into fame37. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.38. What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?A. Availability of modern media.B. Inadequate social recognition.C. Lack of favorable chances.D. Huge population of fans.39. The reasons why there are still so many celebrities might not be _.A. that a few stars stay calm with their familyB. that some stars just avoid public appearanceC. that everyone in society runs after fameD. that they fix their attention on what they do40. What is the authors attitude toward modern celebrity?A. Sincere.B. Sceptical.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.【参考答案】36-40. ABACD【2020高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学二模试题】DSparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away fromthem. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chains owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcys restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers speeding power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intension was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.Pearson also