辽宁省抚顺市抚顺县高级中学2020年高考英语一轮复习 语法专项 冠词

辽宁省抚顺市抚顺县高级中学2020年高考英语一轮复习 语法专项 冠词考点分析近几年高考重点考查冠词的基本用法，如对冠词表泛指，特指的考查约占队冠词考查总量的70%以上，这反映了近几年高考“回归基础”的特点。此外，对冠词的习惯用法仍然是近几年高考的考查重点之一，如：without a break(08全国)，hit him on the head(08浙江)冠词定义：当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物考点一：不定冠词的用法（a, an） 用来表示“一“这个数量，跟one差不多，但one侧重于数量，而a/an侧重于种类。 如：There is a book on the table. 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.经典考题11. I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Sundays.A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）=They are of the same age.使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a help译帮手）经典考题12.It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. (2020北京卷)A. 不填；不填 B. 不填；a C. the； 不填 D. the；a经典考题13. If you grow up in _ large family, you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well with _others. (05江西)A. /; an; the B. a ; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the经典考题14. Its _ good feeling for people admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasure.(2020福建) A. /; a B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the 当表示“季节，月份。日期，三餐”的名词前有形容词修饰且不是特指时。We have never had such a hot August for years.We really had a wonderful breakfast this morning. 用在序数词表示“又一，再一”的含义。I want to have a third cake because the second one is too small. 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word, have/catch a cold, have a gift for, have a word with, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while,once upon a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a distance, have a population of, a waste of, a collection of, a matter of, as a result , as a matter of fact, pay a visit to, make/earn a living等等。“a most+ 形容词” 表示 “很 ”. most 在句中不含最高级的概念，只用来加强语气，是“很，非常”的意思，相当于very”. 注意与形容词最高级进行对比。I had a most unpleasant time at the dentists.不定冠词的特殊位置quite/rather+ a/an (+adj.)+单数可数名词； what/ such/half+a/an+单数可数名词；so/as/too/how/however+adj. +a/an+单数可数名词；He is as great a man as ever lived.However clever a student he is, he should follow the teachers instructions now.He is so kind a boy.考点二; 定冠词的基本用法 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如: I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如： Close the window, please. 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world 等。 用于表示方位的名词之前。如： the east, the right. 用于序数词或形容词最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest. 用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人。如： the sick, the wounded/injured 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States; the United nation, the Great wall 用于江河，海洋，海峡，山脉，群岛，建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang river, the East Lake 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇“或”全家“。如： the Smiths 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano, play the violin. 发明物前。如：The compass was invented in China. 年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 用在固定结构“vt. +sb. +介词+the+身体某部位”中take/grab/catch/grasp/pat/hit+sb. +介词（by/in/on）+the+身体某一部位。 用在“by+the+计量单位名词”结构中，表示“按.”by the month/week/day/hour 按月/周/天/小时 by the pound 按英镑 by the foot/meter按英尺/米注意： by weight (按重量) by time (按时间) by length (按长度) 用在：the+比较级， the+比较级“结构中，表示“越越.”The harder you study, the better you will learn. 用于某些固定短语中make the most of in the meantime in the end in the habit of in the distancein the way on the whole on the other hand at the same timeat the moment go to the cinema/theatre the other day for the time beingon the radio/ phone to tell the truth by the way in the morning/afternoon/evening经典考题15. As is known to all, _ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world. (2020陕西) A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; /考点三、不用冠词的情况： 不可数名词，可数名词复数表示泛指时。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。） 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：Shanghai, Mount Tai 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 季节，月份， 星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。 如：She likes spring most.注意：如果要表示“某个：应用不定冠词；或特指应用定冠词。如：I am not exactly sure when he returned, but I am sure that he returned on a Monday.The summer of this year is extremely hot. 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?表示只有一人担任的头衔的名词作表语，同位语，补足语时不用冠词。如：Lincoln was elected president of the United States. 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?（注意不定冠词用法7） 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is good at playing chess. 学科的名称前不用冠词。 Many students find English difficult to learn. 用在“by+名词”表示运输时。如：by ship/boat/taxi/air/plane/bike/bus/car/train/land/rail/等。 turn 表示“变为，变成”讲时，后接单数可数名词做表语时，名词前不加冠词。如：His brother turned writer 10 years ago.= His brother became a writer 10 years ago. 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。arm in arm(手挽手)； hand in hand （手牵手）；side by side（肩对肩）; shoulder to shoulder (肩并肩)；day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）， step by step （一步一步地）等。 在一些固定短语中: at least/most; in spite of; in search of; in advance; in public; in case(of); in trouble; our of work; do harm to; make fun of; take part in 等等。经典考题16. Dr Peter Spence, _headmaster of the school, told us, “ _ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” (2020四川) A. /; A B. /; The C. the; The D. a; A经典考题17. In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.(09四川)A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the有些词组中，有没有冠词含义是不同的。in charge of 负责in the charge of 由.负责go to church 做礼拜go to the church 去教堂at times 有时at a time一次take place 发生take the place of代替go to school 去上学go to the school去某个学校a number of 大量，许多the number of 的数目out of question 毫无疑问out of the question不可能go to college上大学go to the college上某个大学have a word with sb.与某人说句话have words with sb. 与某人吵架on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上go to prison入狱go to the prison去某监狱two of them他们中的两个the two of them他们俩（共两个）in front of 在前面(范围之外)in the front of在的前部（范围之内）in class在上课in the class在班中in hospital 住院in the hospital在那所医院里leave school 辍学，毕业leave the school 离开学校经典考题18. When he left_ college, he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office.(2020天津卷) A .不填；a B.不填； the C. a; the D. the ;the经典考题19. This book tells_ life story of John Smith, who left_ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.(2020辽宁卷) A. the ;the B. a ;the C. the ;不填 D. a ;不填经典考题20. Her husband was put into_ prison, and she has to go to _prison once a month to visit him. A. a ;the B. the;the C.不填；不填 D.不填；the（四）。普通名词前使用冠词的类指用法该考点在高考中命题并不算多。“a/an+ 单数可数名词” “the+ 单数可数名词” “零冠词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”都可以表示类指，（如： A horse is a useful animal.=The horse is a useful animal.= Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的动物。）但也有细微差别。“the+ 单数可数名词”指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。The car goes faster than the bike.“a/an+ 单数可数名词” 侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across.3. “零冠词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”侧重于指类别中的许多个体。Farmers are busy in autumn.Ihe tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.(不能说A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.因为濒临灭绝指的是整个虎类，而不是任何一一只虎都面临灭绝的危险。)经典考题21. In many places in China, _bicycle is still _popularity means of transportation. (08 重庆) A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the经典考题22. The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long-the height of _ 9-story building. (09北京) A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a高考命题高频点综合近几年各省市高考英语试题涉及冠词的题目，通常重点考查的冠词知识点如下：1. 冠词基本用法； 2. 序数词前冠词用法； 3. 抽象名词前不定冠词的用法；4. 专有名词前冠词用法； 5. 比较等级前冠词用法； 6. 一日三餐名词前冠词用法；下面对专有名词前冠词用法再次整理如下：根据英语语法，专有名词前不能使用任何冠词的，但在某些特殊情况下，它也可以使用冠词，命题者往往会针对一些在专有名词前使用冠词的特殊情况进行设题。1). 与表示人名的专有名词连用，表示“一个叫.的人” “一个类似.的人” “ 的作品”等A Mr. Smith phoned just now.The museum bought a Rembrandt. 那家博物馆买了一幅伦勃朗的画作。2). 与表示地点的专有名词连用（通常带有描绘性定语）， 表示“一个.的地方”。In the near future you can see a new Fushun. 在不久的将来，你会看到一个新的抚顺。3) 与表示星期的专有名词连用，表示“某一个”的意思。 Christmas Day falls on a Monday.4). 定冠词用于姓氏的复数前，表示全家人或全家中两个或两个以上的人。The Browns live next to us.经典考题23. Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso. (2020浙江卷)A. the ; 不填 B. a ;the C. a; 不填 D. the; a经典考题24. George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. (07重庆)A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a2020-2020高考真题(2020见金版新学案)1. （2020全国二） He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump. A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /2. (2020四川) We are said to be living in _Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes. A. an; the B. /; the C. /; a D. the; a3.( 2020江西卷) The Smiths dont usually stay at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea. A/; a Bthe; the C/; the Dthe; a4. (2020浙江卷) The development of industry has been_ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填, the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a5.(2020安徽卷) Carl is studying _food science at college and hopes to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day. A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the6. (2020重庆卷) Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. A. /; / B. the,/ C. the; the D. /; the7.(2020辽宁卷) I woke up with _ bad headache, yet by_ evening the pain had gone.A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an8.( 2020全国新课程) Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a9.( 2020山东) Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a10. (2020重庆卷) In communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and