高中英语名词性从句热点探幽

名词性从句热点探幽名词性从句根据在句中的功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。这些从句和名词一样，在句中可以充当主语、宾语（包括介词宾语和动词宾语以及某些形容词后的宾语）、表语和同位语。名词性从句的引导词分为三类，连接代词、连接副词和引导连词。连接代词在从句中一般作主语和宾语；连接副词在句中一般作状语，而引导连词一般不作成分。一 主语从句 （Subject Clause）概述：主语从句在句中作主语。引导连词有that ,whether ，连接代词有who ,whom ,whose, what ,which ,-ever，连接副词when, where, why, how 等。Eg : 1) That he won first prize is surprising .2) When they will return to China hasnt been known .3) What we cant get seems better than what we have .主语从句可放在句子后部。Eg : Its exciting that we have won the match. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey .A while B that C if D for (KEY : B)_ _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language .A there B This C That D It (KEY :D)-ever引导的主语从句一般不在句尾.Eg :Whoever will come is none of my business.(N)MET 89-99 对主语从句从以下几个方面进行了考查。1 if 和 whether 的区别1） 引导由形式主语it 替代的主语从句时，if 和whether可以互换。Eg : Its still a question whether /if she will come 。2） 无形式主语it 时，只能用whether 引导主语从句。Eg : Whether we will discuss the question has to be decided .（正）If well discuss the question has to be decided . （误）2 that 和 what 的区别that引导主语从句时是连词，它只起连接作用，在从句中不能充当任何成分，引导其它名词性从句时也如此。 that引导主语从句置于句首时不可以省略。而what 是代词，除了起引导作用外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语。That she was chosen made us very happy .What is most important in life isnt money .3 that 和 if /whether 的区别例题 中it 作形式主语，主语从句用that引导，意为“她的头发正在变白”这一事实“使她有点忧虑”；若用if来引导，则意为“她的头发是否正在变白”这一疑问，是否变白并非变白了，何以“使她忧虑”？故选择if不对。如：It is doubtful whether the President knew the details of the plan总统是否知道这个计划的细节这一点颇有疑问。（whether不可换成that）Whether he will come to the discussion is uncertain.他是否要来参加讨论不一定。（whether不可换成that）That he will come to the discussion is certain .他来参加讨论是肯定无疑的。（that 不可换成whether）4 须特别注意的几个句型（1） It + be+ adj + Subject ClauseClear,strange,obvious,important,possible,natural,surprising,interesting,likely, unusual,certain,necessary,best,essential,impossible等常用于此结构。（2） It + be +名词（词组）+ 主语从句常见的名词（词组）有a fact , a good thing , good news ,a shame ,a pity ,a wonder, no wonder , no surprise, common knowledge, time ,high time等。(3) It + be + 过去分词 +主语从句常见的这类过去分词有known , expected, thought, believed , said ,proved, reported, announced ,hoped ,suggested , demanded , decided , discussed , required ,found out等。以上的斜体词（组）用于这类结构中时，主语从句（往往由引导）中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。例如：It is important that they (should) be here on time .It is demanded that he leave at once .It is time we got up.(4)主语从It + 不及物动词 +主语从句常见的动词有appear , happen, seem , follow , turn out等。It (so) happened that I saw your brother yesterday.It appears that they are in need of water.二 宾语从句宾语从句作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词与引导主语从句的连词基本相同。Do you mind if Kate will use your bike ?I remember that there used to be a tree in front of my house .I am interested in why he has told you about it .注意：在Do you think （或suppose , believe, say , imagine等但不含know和tell两词）后跟作关联词用的疑问词引导的宾语从句时，习惯上该疑问词要转移到主句之前; 还要注意这些动词引导的宾语从句表达否定概念时要否定主句。例如：Why do you think we cant cut down the big tree?Who do you suppose will win the first prize?I dont believe that he had made a mistake .三 表语从句在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句。引导表语从句的连词有连接词that, whether, as if,连接代词who ,what, which;连接副词when ,where, how, why等。Eg ; It looks as if it will rain .That is why he went to America .注意：在表语从句中，当reason作主语时，引导词只能用that，不能用because。如 : The reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus.四 同位语从句用在某些名词后，进一步解释、说明这些名词，用作同位语的从句，叫做同位语从句。这些名词主要有 fact , news , hope, belief, thought , truth, chance,possiblility,suggestion , message，idea ，doubt等。如： The chairmans suggestion that we fix a time for a talk with the foreign company has been passed.We have heard the news that a new English teacher will teach us .注意：1.一般而言，上述各词除idea ，doubt外，所包含内容多为陈述性的，即所跟的同位语从句往往成分完整，后面接引导词用that； （如上文例句所示）2.idea和doubt既可接that 类的同位语从句，也可接wh类的同位语从句Do you approve of the idea that success can be measured in terms of money alone?(2020.临沂模拟)I have no idea where the Smiths live.doubt后接是接that还是接 whether/who/what et须视具体情况而定。一般而言，当doubt前有no 、not或little等否定词时后多用that，反之用其它形式。There is no doubt that he is guilty.There is some doubt whether he is guilty.注意 ：同位语从句与定语从句的区别1） 引导同位语从句的that是从属连词，只起连接作用，在句中不作任何成分；引导定语从句的that是关系代词， 在句中充当某种成分，而且常常可为 who, which所取代，这说明两种从句的语法结构明显不同。Eg : The fact that we talked about is very important .(定语从句that 作about的宾语)The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody。 ( 同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分)2） 引导定语从句的when, where , why , how , 是关系副词，不但在句中充当成分还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when ,where，why, how是连接副词，虽可以在从句中充当成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。Eg :Ill never forget the days when we were together. (定语从句，先行词the days与关系副词when构成含义上相当的搭配关系)I have no idea when he will be back. (同位语从句，idea与连接副词when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)五 注意以下情况1） 引导同位语从句，表语从句以及作介词宾语从句时，只能用whethereg :The question is whether it is worth reading .The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the doctor.I am interested in whether she will go abroad or not .2) be sure/certain that表示“确信或肯定”，相应的疑问句中仍使用连词that。但在相应的否定句式中须使用连词whether或 if。Eg : We are sure/certain that our team will win the game .Are you certain /sure that youll get there in time ?I am not sure / certain if /whether his work has been finished3）.that通常不可省略的情况：（1）主语从句，that从句置于于句首时；That our had work will pay off is certain.（2）当一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略；He insisted (that) he was innocent and that he be set free.（3）由it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that 也不可省略。They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.六 名词性从句疑点、交叉点、热点、考点透视1. 连接词的考查。这也是对名词性从句的最为常见的考查。在判断名词性从句的所缺少的引导词时，一看它缺不成分，缺什么成分；二是优先满足句子所缺的主语、宾语、表语等主干，在不缺少主干成分的前提下，根据语境确定其它引导词。Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for.A. what B. why C. how D. whether (A)2考查从句的陈述句语序、与强调结构演变而来的名词性从句、含有复合宾语的及其被动语态、虚拟语气等因素的宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等进行整合，增加题干的复杂性。1）-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?- I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.（2020.江苏）A.will not be sent; that B.not be sent; that C.should not be sent; what D.should not send; what （B）2）I just wonder _that makes him so excited.（2020.山东）（D）A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is3）Having got over countless difficulties ,they eventually reached_ is now called America.(C)A. which B. that C. what D. when3.通过加入一些插入成分进行割裂中心词和从句，或改变句子的正常结构，从而增加句子的迷惑性和干扰性，影响学生的选择。1).- Its thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story , believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night.（2020.四川高考）A. which B. that C. what D. when （B）2).Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, _ , they lost the game.（2020.江苏南通）A. that B. which C .what D. why (A)3).I think, though I could be mistaken,_ he liked me.A. who B .which C. that D. what (C)4.利用wh +ever 引导的从句与no matter+wh引导的从句从句有重合但又有不同这一交叉点，进行设空；利用what(ever)与which(ever)中前者有范围，后者有范围的特点设空；利用whoever与whomever的交叉点设空；利用whoever与those who谓语单复数不同设空。1).Ill give the food to _needs it. (B)A. whom B. whoever C. no matter who D. whomever2) -Could you do me a favour?（2020.北京）-It depends on_ it is.（2020.辽宁）A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever3）_team wins on Saturday will go through to national championship.A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever5.what用于表示比喻的一个特殊结：A is to B what C is to D 意为“A对于B犹如C对于D一样”，A和B是主体， C和D是喻体。在这里what引导一个表语从句，在表语从句中作表语，不能省略该点近年成为各省考试热点1)Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals. (NMET2020山东)A. as B. that C. what D. which析：选C。题意“引擎对于机器犹如心脏对于动物”。2)A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.3) Virtue is to the soul what health is to the body. 美德对于心灵犹如健康对于身体。跟踪练习：(1) Ive forgot _ you gave her as a birthday gift . (A)A what B when C how D where(2)Hes bought a cottage in the country for_ he retires，with the money hes saved over half of his life.(A)A. when B. where C. what D. which（3）After twenty years away from the world, the professor remember nothing but _ he was called in prison.(C)A. when B. that C. what D. how(4) These photographs will show you _.(B)A