高三英语Unit 3 The rise of Bioengineering冀教版知识精讲

高三英语Unit 3 The rise of Bioengineering冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 3 The rise of Bioengineering1. designer n. 设计者Examples:She is an industrial designer.她是工业设计师。design n. 设计,图样v. 设计,计划Examples:（1）He designed us a beautiful house.他为我们设计了一所很美的房子。（2）This dress is of the latest design.这件衣服是最新设计。（3）The gloves were designed for extremely cold climates.这些手套是为严寒地区制造的。（4）The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion.这条路是为缓解交通拥挤而开辟的。by design有意地Examples:（1）He made that remark by design.他故意那样说。（2）I dont know whether they did it by accident or by design.我不知道他们这样做是偶然的，还是故意的。2. make no sense vi. 没有意义(讲不通)make sense讲得通,有意义,言之有理make sense of 看懂it makes sense to do 做是明智的Examples:（1）It make no sense.这没有道理。（2）Can you make sense of what I said?你能领会我说的意思吗?（3）It would make sense to leave early.早点离开是明智的。（4）It doesnt make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.这些便宜的大衣也很好, 何必非买那件贵的不可。3. enroll vi.入学;加入 vt.招收,吸收 ，登记（1）Gong Li wanted to enroll in the Department of Sociology at Beijing University。巩俐想入北京大学社会学系学习。（2）enrolled at the University of Vienna.我报名就读于维也纳大学。（3）He enrolled our names.他把我们的名字登记下来了。（4）He enrolled with an employment agency for a secretary.他在职业介绍所登记要当秘书。4. Thats why its called bioengineering.句型： “Thats why +从句”； “这就是的原因。”Thats why we hit it off. 那就是我们合得来的原因。“That/ it is because +从句” 这是因为That was because he was ill.5. What if those foods take too many nutrients, or upset natural cycles, and damage the environment?what if意思等于：What will or would happen if？ “如果将会怎么样”Examples:（1）What if it is true?如果这是真的又该如何呢？（2）What if he doesnt agree?如果他不同意该怎么办呢？（3）What if he comes back now?如果他现在回来怎么办？（4）What if I fail!即使我失败了又怎样！（5）What if the boys parents should die?如果那男孩的父母死了该怎么办呢？6. claim n. 要求,要求权v. 要求,请求,主张,声称,说明,断言The government would not even consider his claim for money.政府甚至不考虑他的赔款要求。Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?出了车祸后，你向保险公司要求赔偿了吗？The matter claimed our serious attention.这件事需要我们认真注意。（1）His claim is that he should be better treated.（要求）（2）He claimed that he had done the work without help. （声称）他声称没有得到帮助而完成了这项工作。注意这两个句子中claim的词义和从句的时态相关短语：make a claim for 对（赔偿等）提出要求. have a claim on /to有对要求权7. catch ones breath v. 喘息, 屏息hold ones breath由于激动，害怕而不出声； 屏息out of breath上气不接下气；喘不过气来short of breath呼吸短促take ones breath away令人惊叹；让人叹绝Eg. My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.Eg. She was very short of breath.I was out of breath after running for the bus.我因为追赶公共汽车，弄得上气不接下气8. in disagreement有分歧的；不一致的 / in agreement with同意Two characters are in disagreement, serious or otherwise, over some matter.两个人物为某件事情发生了严重或不严重的冲突。We are in agreement with their decision.我们同意他们的决定。disagreement n. 不合,争论,不一致agreement n. 同意,一致,协议Theres a lot of disagreement among politicians on this issue.对这一问题，政治家们有很大分歧。Finally we reached an agreement.我们最终达成了协议。9. There is no point in arguing with his children when they had made up their minds.句型：There is no point in doing sth “做某事没有意义”=Its no use / useless doing sthThere is no need to do 没必要做某事。10. It is a complicate network of mechanics linked to a central super-computer.linked to 过去分词充当后置定语，相当于which is linked to .be linked to连接(联系)Example:A remembered or imagined feeling, emotion, idea, or sensation linked to a person, object, or idea.回忆或遐想，指与另一人、物或观点联系在一起的记忆中的或想象的感情、情感、观点或感觉11. advanced a. 高级的,先进的The professor is engaged in advanced studies.该教授正进行高深的学术研究。England is an advanced industrial country.英国是一个发达的工业国家。advance n. 前进,进步,预支v. 前进,增加,上涨The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday.会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。There have been great advances in medicine in the last ten years.在过去十年里，医学取得了巨大的进步。The idea that the world is eternal is now seldom advanced.地球是永恒的，这种看法现在很少提出了。in advance提前,预先To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。12. This advance was, in a sense, a cultural revolution, one that made it possible to grow living, biological cells in the research laboratory.(1)in a sense从某种意义上说What you say is true in a sense.你的话在某种意义上属实.(2) 注意one的用法,做同位语成分，即a cultural revolution(3)句型：make it possible to do .“使成为可能”Cellphone has made it possible to communicate with people far away.13. make-up n. 天性,化妆品,补考Examples:（1）She never wears make-up.她从来不搽化妆品.（2）Jealousy is not part of his make-up.他的品性中没有忌妒.（3）Her make-up is smudged.她搽的化妆品已蹭污了.make up 弥补； 组成；虚构； 整理； 包装； 和解； 化妆；补足，拼凑,Examples:（1）I tried to make up for my loss.我力图补偿我的损失。（2）Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.农民只占人口的一小部分.（3）Lets make up.让我们言归于好吧。（4）We need another 10 persons to make up a team.（5）He made up an excuse for his being late.14. urgent a. 急迫的,紧要的,紧急的Theyve made an urgent request for international aid. 他们紧急请求国际援助。It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。Im afraid something urgent has come up; I wont be able to see you tonight.很抱歉, 有些急事; 今晚不能见你了.短语与句型：make an urgent requestit is urgent that urgency n. 紧急(的事)I am afraid you have not appreciated the urgency of the matter.恐怕你还没有意识到这件事的紧迫性。15. reduce v. 减少,分解,减低Examples:（1）He is reduced almost to a skeleton.他瘦得几乎变成了一个骨头架子。（2）He is trying to reduce the familys expenses.他正尽力减少家庭开支。（3）They were reduced to begging or starving. ( be reduced to doing 沦落为做)他们穷得不行乞便挨饿。16. controversial a. 引起争论的,有争议的（1）Many of the new taxes are controversial.许多新税收都是有争议的。（2）In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial remarks.我出于对主人的尊敬, 不对他那易引起争论的话表示异议.17. hold out伸出, 提出, 提供, 坚持, 支持, 维持How long can we hold out against these attacks?我们对这些攻击能抵抗多久?I think the car will hold out till we get to the villageThe forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reductions.即将举行的会谈给实现真正的裁军带来了希望。18. belief n. 相信,信念,信仰（1）He has lost his belief in God.他已不相信上帝了。（2）The story of his miseries is beyond my belief.他的悲惨身世令人难以置信。（3）He acted in accordance with his beliefs.他按照自己的信念行事。believe，believe in ,trustbelieve表示“相信”、“信以为真”（to accept as true）之意，它是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。例：Do you believe his reports？你相信他的报告吗？believe in则表示“信仰”、“信任”（to have faith in somebody or something）之意。其后的常用搭配语为：有关宗教、理论、原则、概念及可信任之人，trust作及物动词时，意为“依赖”、“信用”或“信任”。还有“委托”、“讨论”的意思。作不及物动词，意为“信奉”、“相信”。 trust sb.=believe in sb.例如：We cannot trust him.我们不能信任他。I trusted him with my money.我把我的钱托他保管。Do you trust in God? 你信奉上帝吗？19. dilemma n. 困境,进退两难（1）Faced with that dilemma, he was perplexed.他面对进退两难的局面，不知如何是好。（2）The bad weather put us in a dilemma.糟糕的天气使我们进退两难。in a dilemma. 进退两难【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35 分）第一节：单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从ABCD四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1. At lunch time Id like to have a chat with you. Have what with me?A. I apologize！B. Pardon？C. I see！D. Forgive me！2. Do you know _ art played _ more important part in peoples lives in the 18th century than it does today?A. an; the B. the; aC. /; a D. the; the3. He left _ with his wife that he would come back before 9:00 in the morning. He said he would keep _.A. words; his words B. the word; his wordC. word; words D. word; his word.4. The passengers would have been killed in the accident _ the drivers timely decision.A. owing to B. thanks to C. except for D. but for5. He had to take the medicine three times a day, so as to be _ pain in the leg.A. free from B. away from C. apart from D. far from6. Chinas first Passport Law makes a passport _ for ten years with no extension.A. available B. valid C. official D. effective7. The vase cost me almost 150 yuan.Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money _ you could buy a much cheaper one.A. while B. if C. when D. because8. Today tourists do not see any person in Pompeii, which , though, _ a busy city of twenty thousand people.A. had been B. was C. has been D. would be9. Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come to a sound conclusion.A. can you B. you can C. would you D. you would10. At present the hotel is almost empty, but Im sure things will start to _ in the spring.A. rise up B. hold on C. pick up D. hand out11. _ for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.A. Having blamed B. To blameC. Being to be blamed D. Being to blame12. In the 2020 Guangdong Industrial Fair, _ electronic equipment, good in both quality and style, will be shown.A. a good many B. masses ofC. a large number of D. quite a few13. He, _ the progress of his classmates, _ to study harder.A. jealous of; was determined B. is jealous of; determinedC. was jealous of; determined D. jealous; was determined14. He insisted on everyone _ him.A. should show respect for B. showing respect forC. should show respect to D. showing respect to15. I dont think he could have gone home on such a dark night to see his sick mother, _?A. did he B. do I C. could he D. has he第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项.You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells are exploding; people are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing there? You arent a soldier. You arent 16 carrying a gun. Youre standing in front of a 17 and youre telling the TV 18 what is happening.Its all in days work for a war reporter, and it can be very 19 . In the first two years of the 20 in former Yugoslavia (前南斯拉夫), 28 reporters and photographers were killed. Hundreds more were 21 . What kind of people put themselves in danger to 22 pictures to our TV screens and 23 to our newspapers? Why do they do it?“I think its every young journalists 24 to be a foreign reporter,”says Michael Nicholson,“thats 25 you find the excitement. So when the first opportunity comes, you take it 26 it is a war.”But there are moments of 27 . Jeremy Bowen says,“Yes, when youre lying on the ground and bullets(子弹)are flying 28 your ears, you think：What am I doing here? Im not going to do this again.But that feeling 29 after a while and when the next war starts, youll be 30 .”“None of us believes that were going to 31 ,”adds Michael. But he always 32 a lucky charm(护身符)with him. It was given to him by his wife for his first war. Its a card which says“Take care of yourself.”Does he ever think about dying?“Oh, 33 , and every time it happens you look to the sky and say to God, If you get me out of this, I 34 Ill never do it again. You can almost hear God 35 , because you know he doesnt believe you.”16. A. simplyB. reallyC. merelyD. even17. A. crowdB. houseC. battlefieldD. camera18. A. producersB. viewersC. directorsD. actors19. A. dangerousB. excitingC. normalD. disappointing20. A. stayB. fightC. warD. life21. A. injuredB. buriedC. defeatedD. saved22. A. bringB. showC. takeD. make23. A. scenesB. passagesC. storiesD. contents24. A. beliefB. dreamC. dutyD. faith25. A. whyB. whatC. howD. where26. A. even soB. ever sinceC. as ifD. even if27. A. fearB. surpriseC. shameD. sadness28. A. intoB. aroundC. pastD. through29. A. returnsB. goesC. continuesD. occurs30. A. thereB. awayC. outD. home31. A. leaveB. escapeC. dieD. remain32. A. hangsB. wearsC. holdsD. carries33. A. neverB. many timesC. some timeD. seldom34. A. considerB. acceptC. promiseD. guess35. A. whisperingB. laughingC. screamingD. crying第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）AHow do you get a job in New York after your education at college is completed? There are several ways.1. If your family is wealthy and owns a business, you can inform your parents you are now ready to start work. Few people have such relatives.2. Most colleges arrange job interviews for their graduating seniors with the major corporations who are hiring young workers. The company will interview many of the seniors and offer a job to those they want.3. You can look at the job advertisements in the newspaper. If a company is looking forward to hiring a worker, they often put an advertisement in the paper.4. You can inform all your friends who are working that you are now ready to go to work. Your friends can ask at their company if there is a need for more workers.5. You can write a letter with your resume(简历) to different companies advising them you are looking for a job. If the company likes your resume, they may call you for an interview. After the interview, you may get a job.6. If you are a teacher, you can apply directly to the Board of Education for a teaching position. They will process your papers and will offer you a job if there is a need in your area of teaching. Math and science teachers can always find a job.7. Scientists may apply to private companies and also to the government for a job. Many government departments hire scientists.If you try all of the above and you still do not get a job, you should consider going on to graduate school.36. The main topic of this passage is _.A. how to find a job in New YorkB. job advertisements in the newspaperC. job opportunities for science teacherD. employment situation in New York37. According to the author, how many possibilities are there for a graduating senior student from an ordinary family?A. 8B. 7C. 6D. 538. _ are more likely to find a job in government departments.A. ScientistsB. Math teachersC. Science teachers D. Students from wealth families39. What advice does the author give to those who try all the ways mentioned and still cant find a job?A. Put an advertisement in the paper.B. Write to different companies.C. Get a higher degree.D. Try the government departmentsBSuccess Is Not a DestinationShould people stop once they have achieved something? No! In life, they are always trying to make things better or have more of the same success.Athletes are constantly striving to shorten time for races, increase heights or distances.The world of medicine has had its series of successes, too. Christian Barnard performed several successful heart transplants. Other medical experts have achieved organ transplants. Throughout the ages, mankind has found treatment and cures for cancer and other diseases. A cure of AIDS might soon be discovered.Age does not seem to slow down achievers. Tina Tuner at 54 is still singing in abundance and attracting sellout crowds wherever she goes.Comedian George Burns, in his 90s, wants to perform at Caesars Palace when he turns 100.Success does not belong only to the rich and famous. It should be the goal of everyone. Many successful people have had humble beginnings.Would you believe that actress Michelle Pfeifer of Cat was a supermarket checkout girl?At work, we strive for achievement too. Success may mean organizing a conference more effectively and efficiently each year. Sometimes, it is not a pat on the back or the promotion that makes it worthwhile.Often, it is the inner thrill and satisfaction of achievement, no matter how small it may be.Aiming for success doesnt mean you are greedy or dissatisfied. It is all part of gaining new experiences. It ultimately makes you a more interesting and useful person in society.The journey to success has its road blocks, discouragement and distractions. It takes great resourcefulness and achievement to overcome obstacles and setbacks to move on successfully.40. If an athlete can shorten time in races, he / she .A. is a real successB. will stop his/her steps forwardC. is always sure to winD. is the best runner of all41. The expression“a pat on the back”probably means“ ”.A. patting somebody on the backB. something importantC. singing somebodys praisesD. anything important42. Which statement below is NOT true according to the passage?A. Man now can transplant organs.B. Man now can cure AIDS.C. Not all successful people have humble beginnings.D. Michelle was once a supermarket checkout girl.43. The writer of the passage agrees to all the ideas except that .A. any small success will make us excitedB. organizing a conference is a successC. aiming for success is to gain new experiences in lifeD. the journey to success is not so smooth to makeCThe young boy saw me, or rather, he saw the car and quickly ran up to me, eager to sell his bunches(串)of bananas and bags of peanuts. Though he appeared to be about twelve, he seemed to have already known the bitterness of life.“Banana 300 naira. Peanuts 200 naira.”He said in a low voice. I bargained him down to 200 total for the fruit and nuts. When he agreed, I handed him a 500 naira bill. He didnt have change, so I told him not to worry. He said thanks and smiled a row of perfect teeth.When, two weeks later, I saw the boy again, I was more aware of my position in a society where its not that uncommon to see a little boy who should be in school standing on the corner selling fruit in the burning sun. My parents had raised me to be aware of the advantage we had been afforded and the responsibility it brought to us.I pulled over and rolled down my window. He had a bunch of bananas and a bag of peanuts ready. I waved them away. “Whats up?”I asked him.“II dont have money to buy books for school.”I reached into my pocket and handed him two fresh 500 nair