2020最新命题题库2020高考英语试题分项解析汇编 专题01 名词

2020英语高考试题分项解析汇编 专题01 名词（2020山东卷,34Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作【答案】。（2020江苏卷,32Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。（2020江苏卷,27Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.AconsequenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。（2020浙江卷,18Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。（2020福建卷,26The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。（2020湖北卷,21“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voice.A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic【答案】D（2020四川卷,13Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens.A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。（2020湖北卷,30When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。（2020江西卷31Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point【答案】D【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。（2020安徽I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure【答案】C【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】hearing意为 “听力”；strength意为 “力气；力量”； recognition意为 “认出；识别；认识”； measure意为 “测量；措施”。句意为 “她变得认不出来了。”（2020江西Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity【答案】A【考点】考查名词。【解析】a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。（2020山东Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。【解析】句意应为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示 “安全, 保险”；defense 表示 “防御, 防护”； shelter表示 “掩蔽, 保护”。（2020天津James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position【答案】A【考点】考查名词意义和用法。【解析】句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是 “为让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。（2020江苏The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization【答案】B【考点】名词辨析。【解析】reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。（2020湖北This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle【答案】B【考点】本题考查名词/名词短语。【解析】此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。 “这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。 After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture.【答案】D【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾 “earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作, 职业”；“furniture”表示 “家具”；“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确【答案】D了。（2020浙江The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they dont give you any direct _.A. solution B. target C. measure D. function【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。（2020安徽China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】（2020福建The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2020.A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑, 体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2020年4月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。（2020湖北Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character【答案】D.【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 友谊可以增强, 但与前面health不搭配, 故【答案】为character。（2020湖北In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance “机会”, mark “分数, 痕迹”, measure “方法, 措施”。（2020江西The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms K5u【答案】C【考点】本题考查名词所有格。【解析】名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易（2020海南Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A. draw B. strikeC. rush D. push【答案】D【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推, 挤strike（2020天津Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure【答案】C【考点】本题考查名词辨析。句意为, 我一直试图改变起床晚的习惯。tradition传统, 常规；convenience方便；leisure休闲时间, 闲暇。【解析】（2020浙江The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approach【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】句意：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give.accessto.是固定词组, 表示 “能得到, 能进入”, 所以选A（2020安徽To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _”A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices【答案】D【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】由语境可知, 此处指人类的语言, 而语言是人类说的, 因此用voices, 而不用其他选项。（2020福建Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？A项sense “感觉, 思考, 意义”；B项matter “事件, 问题, 原因”；C项case “事, 案例, 容器”；D项opinion “意见, 看法, 主张”。Whats the sense of？“有什么意义”四个选项中只能A项符合语境。（2020江苏I cant repair these until tomorrow, Im afraid.Thats OK, theres _.A. no problem B. no wonderC. no doubtD. no hurry【答案】D【考点】本题考查名词词组。【解析】根据第一句的意思可知 “说话者担心来不及修好”, 所以对方劝慰他不用急。no problem意思是 “没问题”, 通常单独使用或用Thats no problem；(Its) no wonder意思是 “难怪”；There is no doubt意思是 “毫无疑问”。（2020江苏Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?Because the old one has been damaged _.A. beyond reachB. beyond repairC. beyond controlD. beyond description【答案】B【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】根据前一句的提示可知, 只有在坏得无法修理的情况下才建议去买新的机器。故用beyond repair, 意为 “；beyond the reach of意为 “鞭长莫及”；beyond control意为 “失控”；beyond description意为 “难以言表”。（2020山东I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _.A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business【答案】B【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】bargain用作名词时, 意为 “廉价货, 便宜货”, a real bargain意为 “真便宜”。（2020江西-Shall we go out for a walk?- Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】句意为：我们出去散散步好吗？对不起, 这不是邀请我的合适的时间, 我太累了而不想去散步。A项 “某一时刻, 片刻”；B项 “情形, 状况”；C项 “地方”；D项 “机会”。（2020浙江Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】a sense of smell嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏, 经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。（2020湖北The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A.prediction B.promise C.plan D.contribution【答案】B【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】句意为：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise许诺, 答应, 其后的that从句为同位语从句, 补充说明先行词promise的内容, 其他选项不合句意。（2020湖北The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】句意为：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere气氛, 氛围；state状态；situation形势, 局面；phenomenon现象。（2020天津Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】coal, gas and oil均为 “燃料(fuels)”。（2020湖北Despite such a big difference in _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight【答案】C【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】point点;意义;idea主意, 念头;attitude态度, 看法;sight视力。句意为:尽管对一个人的饮食的态度有着很大的不同, 但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特殊的东西。（2020上海My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine【答案】D【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】drill操练;action行为;regulation规则, 条例;routine惯例, 常规。由句意可知D项正确。（2020安徽The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city.A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance【答案】C【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】sight风景;look表情;sign迹象, 现象;appearance出现, 显露。（2020天津One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _.A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges【答案】B【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】句意为：一月1 000美元不是一笔财富, 但是能帮助支付我的生活费用。A项为 “账单”；B项为 “花费；费用”；C项为 “价格”;D项为 “价格；索价”。（2020陕西He and his wife are of the same ;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind【答案】D【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。soul心灵, 灵魂;spirit精神;heart心, 心脏;mind想法, 主意;be of the same mind为固定短语, 意为 “对看法相同, 主意一样”, 符合句意。（2020福建You are always full of .Can you tell me the secret?Taking plenty of exercise every day.A.power B.strength C.force D.energy【答案】D【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。power权力, 势力；strength力气, 优势;force力, 武力;energy精力;be full of energy指 “精力旺盛”, 符合题意。（2020浙江Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries.A. way B. situation C. event D. choice【答案】D【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】句意为:在某些国家, 一周的七天里星期六是举行婚礼最佳的日子。way方式, 方法;situation状况, 处境;event事情, 事件;choice挑选, 选择。根据题意, 应选D项。（2020山东I cant say which wine is best its a(n) _ of personal taste.A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety【答案】C【考点】此题考查固定搭配。a matter of .是固定搭配。【解析】句意：我无法说哪种酒最好这是个人口味爱好的问题。a matter of意为 “关于的问题”, 如：a matter of principle原则问题；a matter of opinion仁者见仁, 智者见智；a matter of remembering words 记几个单词的问题。A项意为 “政治事务, 私人业务”；B项意为 “重要事情、大事”；D项意为 “不同种类”。（2020辽宁Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise.A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand【答案】B【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】a lack of缺乏。句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。（2020全国It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. help C.time D.way【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】it is no use后接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语表示做某事没有用。it作形式主语, 接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语作真正的主语。help意为 “帮助”。time意为 “时间”。way意为 “方法”。（2020天津Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge【答案】C【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】challenge意为 “挑战, 艰巨任务, 难题”, 由于我们现在正处于信息爆炸的时代, 在当今时代中找到信息是一件很容易的事, 但区分出这些信息是否有用的确是一个难题。（2020浙江If you like I can do some shopping for you. That s a very kind _.A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】本题可以用排除法。首先service是不可数名词, 应该排除。另外本题问句 “如果你愿意, 我可以帮你买东西”从意思上分析是一个建议, suggestion作为提议、建议时是不可数名词, 可以排除。另外point指观点, 不符合题意。所以选A, offer, 也是提议的意思。（2020福建Always read the_on the bottle carefully and take the right amout of medieine.A.explanstions B.instructions C.descriptions D.introductions【答案】B【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】nstruction意为 “说明, 须知”, 在正式场合, 指不可违背的命令, 在一般场合, 指知识性的指示或意见, 与direction相比, 语气较轻, 较委婉, 常用作复数形式。explanation意为 “解释, 注释；说明”, 指通过实例进行解释说明。description意为 “描写”, 指通过生动的语言描述某件事或某个情节。introduction意为 “引导；传入, 介绍”, 指对某种新产品进行介绍。（2020湖北To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】strength意为 “力, 力量, 体力”, 常指人体或物体内存在的力, 如气力、耐力、抵抗力, 有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力。根据句意可判断出为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好成绩, 教练首先要了解队员的体力和薄弱的地方。benefit意为 “利益, 好处；利润”。technique意为 “技术”。value意为 “价值”。（2020湖北The _on his face told me that he was angry.A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression【答案】D【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】expression意为 “表情”, 根据后面 “told me”可以推断前面 “告诉我们他很生气”的应该是他 “脸上的表情”。impression是印象, sight是视觉, appearance是外貌, 这三个逻辑上都不对。（2020湖北At the meeting they discussed three different _to the study of mathematics.A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】way意为 “方式, 方法”, 可指具体的方法, 也可指抽象的方法, 多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法, 也可指个人特殊的方法、方式等。three different ways of study of mathematics表示 “三种不同的学习数学的方式”。approach原指接近某人或某物, 也可指对待或处理的方式或方法。means用于抽象意义, 可指为达到某目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等, 尤指整套的方法, 用于具体意义, 常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法, 强调条理性及高效率。（2020广东You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of .A. date B. shape C. order D. balance【答案】B【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】out of shape是 “变型”的意思, 根据前面 “你坐在我的帽子上”可判断出帽子是 “变型”了。out of date意为 “过时”, out of order意为 “混乱”, out of balance意为 “失衡”。（2020江西It is said that dogs will keep you for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.A. safety B. company C. house D. friend【答案】B【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】本题的意思 “据说在你孤独的时候狗会陪伴在你身边”, keep you company是 “如影随形”的意思。（2020陕西My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was_it.A.in favour of B.in memory ofC.in honour of D.in search of【答案】A【考点】本题考查介词短语辨析。【解析】in favour of意为 “赞成”, 表示对建议等赞成。while表示转折, 意为 “而”, 表示我妹妹反对我的建议, 而我弟弟赞成我的建议。in honour of意为 “向表示敬意”。in memory of意为 “纪念”。in search of意为 “寻找, 寻求”。（2020上海春Put the _ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.A. tip B. top C. peak D. pole【答案】A【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】tip “尖”（舌尖）, top顶端, peak最高峰, 顶峰, pole极。（2020天津Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_.A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind【答案】C【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】bu