高三英语Unit8Learning a Foreign Language知识精讲 人教版

高三英语Unit8 Learning a Foreign Language知识精讲 人教版一. 本周教学内容Unit8 Learning a Foreign Language二. 重点、难点了解学习语言的方法技巧，复习状语从句的用法。三. 具体内容1. How were we able to make sense of what we heard and distinguished the mistakes and errors from “good” language?make sense: have an understandable meaning; be sensibleeg.What you say makes no sense.It would make sense to leave early.make sense of sth. : understand sth difficult or apparently meaninglesseg.Can you make sense of this poem?Distinguish from/ distinguish between and eg.People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind.2. Some believe that we are equipped with a special ability to learn language and that our brain adjusts itself to the language we hear around us.Adjust sth/oneself to sth: become or make suited to new conditionseg.The body quickly adjusted to changes in temperature.3. both of which contribute to their increased ability to learn.Contribute sth to sth: give ones share to help; increase sth.; help to cause; write articles for a publication.eg.Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.Her work has contributed to our understanding of this difficult subject.She has contributed to literary magazines.4. Many parents worry about the safety of their children and may also be concerned about the cost.Be concerned about/ for sth/that: be worried aboutBe concerned with sth : be about sth.Be concerned in sth: have some connection with or responsibility for sth.eg.He was concerned in the crime.Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.Im concerned that they may have got lost.5. 状语从句（1）地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。例如：Where I live there are plenty of trees.Wherever I am , I will be thinking of you.（2）方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as, （just）asso, as if, as though引导。（a）as,（just）asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just）asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如”，“就像”，多用于正式文体。例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.As water is to fish, so air is to man.Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.（b）as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛似的”，“好像似的”。例如：They completely ignore these facts as if（as though）they never existed.He looks as if（as though）he had been hit by lighting.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.He cleared his throat as if to say something.The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.（3）原因状语从句比较because, since, as和for：（a）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。例如：I didnt go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.（b）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如：He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.（4）目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。例如：You must speak louder so that / in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that（lest）he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.（5）结果状语从句结果状语从句常由sothat 或 suchthat引导。sothat与suchthat之间可以转换。例如：The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.（6）条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless = if not.例如：Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.（7）让步状语从句（a）though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。例如：Although its raining, they are still working in the field.He is very old, but he still works very hard.Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.（b）as, though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。例如：Child as / though he was , he knew what was the right thing to do.（c）ever if, even though即使。例如：Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.（d）whetheror不管都。例如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.（e）“no matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”。例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. = Whatever happened, he would not mind.替换：no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = wherever no matter which = whicheverno matter how = however注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now. （Whatever you say是主语从句）（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given,（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.【典型例题】例1 You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. unless B. until C. if D. or答案：A解析：句意：除非你立即走，否则你就会迟到的。可转化为 If you dont leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.例2 it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave答案：D解析：该题考查祈使句与状语之间的差别。And是连词，应该连两个语法作用相同的句子，而不能连接一个主句一个从句。例3 John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. which B. when C. so that D. as if答案：C解析：本题考状语从句关联词的用法。So that引导目的状语从句。例4 _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. The person B. No matter who C. Who D. Whoever答案：D。解析：whoever引导主语从句，兼做先行词和关系词，等于anybody who。No matter who只能引导状语从句，不能引导主语从句。例5 The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun答案：D解析：本题中的that从句是结果状语从句。Once begun是once it is begun的省略。【模拟试题】1. Id get it for you _ I could remember who last borrowed the book.A. on condition that B. now thatC. except that D. considering that2 . The robber told him that he had better keep silent _ he wanted to get into trouble.A. if B. unless C. otherwise D. whether3.Strange _ his behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it.A. although B. even if C. that D. as4. We are worried about our son because no one is aware _ he has gone.A. the place B. of where C. about the place D. where5.The professor spoke in a loud voice _ every one of us could hear him.A. such that B. so C. so that D. such6.When he just got off the plane, he gave us a good description of _ in Spain.A. what he had seen B. that he had seenC. which he had seen D. he had seen what7. It is fitted with a small transformer, by means of _ the voltage of the currency can be adjusted.A. whom B. which C. what D. that8. I dont know why shes looking at me _ she knew me.Ive never seen her before in my life.A. as B. although C. even if D. as if9. No sooner had he finished his speech _ stormy applause broke out.A. when B. then C. than D. as10. It is hard to avoid mistakes. _ you correct them conscientiously, it will be all right.A. In the case B.