2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅰ专题16 动词时态与语态

2020考前冲刺英语专题16 动词时态与语态1. In 1492, Columbus _ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. (2020湖南卷27)A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed【解析】选B。本题考查时态中的一般过去时，强调过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。句意：1492年，哥伦布曾在巴哈马群岛中的一个岛屿登陆，但是他误以为是印度边缘的一个岛屿。题干给出具体的过去时间in 1492，所以排除A和D。干扰项C现在完成时表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，此题表达的重点是哥伦布过去登陆了这个岛，并不强调对现在的影响。2. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by scientists. ( 2020湖南卷34)A. are making B. are madeC. will make D. will be made动词的时态考点1.一般现在时与现在进行时Planning so far ahead _ no sense so many things will have changed by next year. (2020全国新课标卷23)A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made【解析】选C。句意：提前这么早计划没有意义，第二年这么多事情将会发生变化。此项用一般现在时表明这一客观事实。选项A一般过去时，选项B现在进行时，选项D现在完成时都与接下来的一句语境不符。一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或不依时间的变化而发生变化的动作。时刻表上安排的将要进行的事情也可用一般现在时表示。现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段一直进行的动作。非持续性动词(如： go, come, leave, die 等)的现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。温馨提示：(1)在以when, until (till), as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句或以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句以及由no matter when, however, even if等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(2)always, often, constantly, frequently, forever等副词和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。(3)某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有： go, come, leave, arrive, start, take off等。考点2. 现在完成时与一般过去时It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. (2020湖南卷30)A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 一般过去时表示在过去时间里已经发生的动作，常与过去时间状语yesterday, last week, in 2020, three days ago等连用。 相同点：都表示动作发生在过去。不同点：现在完成时表示与现在有关；一般过去时表示与现在无关。温馨提示：(1)比较、区别have gone to(去了)与have been to(去过)的不同用法。(2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或when连用。(3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。(4)在It / This / That is the first / second time (that) 结构中， that引导的从句常用现在完成时。考点3.过去进行时与一般过去时 That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there. (2020北京卷27)A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was takingBy the time Jack returned home from England, his son _ from college.(2020辽宁卷34)A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated【解析】选D。从句动作是过去时，主句动作发生在过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。过去完成时表示过去某时间或某动作之前已经发生的事情或存在的状态，即：过去的过去。持续性动词的过去式常与since+时间点、for+时间段、when/before+过去时的从句、by/before+过去时间等状语连用。温馨提示：(1)动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、计划或打算等。(2)过去完成时用于某些特殊结构 It / This / That was the first / second time (that)+过去完成时 It was+段时间+since+过去完成时 no sooner than 或hardly when 的主句谓语要用过去完成时 含“by+过去时间点”或“by the time+一般过去时”的句子常用过去完成时考点5.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 You look so tired, what have you been doing? We have been discussing the problem but we _ a conclusion yet.A. havent drawn B. have been drawingC. didnt draw D. werent drawing【解析】 选A。根据前后语境可知，到目前为止我们还没有达成结论，尽管我们到现在为止一直在讨论问题。yet一般与完成时连用。现在完成进行时由“have/has + been+现在分词”构成，表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作；现在完成时表示动作已完成。考点6.一般将来时与将来进行时 I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind. (2020江苏卷21)A. are working B. will workC. were working D. will be working【解析】选A。 句意：我听说你在一个酒吧干活。工作怎样？哦，工作很艰难， be going to可用于条件状语从句表示将来，而shall / will一般不可。 迹象表明要发生某事，只用be going to。 若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，用be going to；说话时的临时决定，则用will / shall。动词的语态考点1.两种特殊的被动语态1. 双宾语动词的被动语态She was _ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldnt take it.A. provided B. suppliedC. offered D. gave【解析】选C。 offer 作“出价，开价”讲，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money两种搭配。此处是将后者用于被动语态中。短语动词是由“动词+介词”， “动词+名词+介词”等结构构成的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。在“动词名词介词”这类动词短语的被动结构，“名词be动词过去分词介词”也是高考热点。如：take care ofcare be taken of; make good use ofgood use be made of; take advantage ofadvantage be taken of。考点2.主动表被动的若干情形 Shall we go fishing tomorrow? Sounds great, but with so much homework _， I really cant afford the time.A. done B. to doC. being done D. doing【解析】选B。“with+宾语+不定式”结构中的不定式表示将来，且常用主动表被动。1. 系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动。2. 英语中有些动词如： open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等，当主语是物，且又表示主语的特征和状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。3. 不定式to blame用作表语，通常用主动表被动。4. “主语+be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词常见的有： convenient, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant等。5. 不定式用于某些动词(如： have, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。温馨提示：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式。6. 在“with+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作，且其逻辑主语是句子的主语，该不定式常用主动表被动。7. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。温馨提示：be worthy却不一样，其后常接不定式的被动式或of+动名词的被动式。8. 表示“需要”的动词need, want, require或动词deserve(“应受，应得，值得”)后的动名词用主动式表被动意义。但这些动词后的动名词若改为不定式则要用被动式表被动。考点3.不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态Great changes _ in the city and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. are taken place; are set upD. were taken place; were set up【解析】选B。 take place 为不及物动词短语，一般不用被动语态，即可排除A、C、D。常见的没有被动语态的动词(短语)有： occur, take place, happen, break out, belong to, appear, disappear, cost, last, agree with等。考点4. 作状语的动词被动语态If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters. (2020浙江卷19)A. being cheered B. be cheeredC. to be cheered D. were cheered【解析】选C。 考查非谓语动词，因此首先排除B和D(前面已经有are going to tour，又没有连词，不可能出现两个独立谓语)。A和C都表示被动，区别在于being done表示正在被发生的动作，而动词不定式to be done表示具体、一次性、将要被发生的动作。句意：如果他们今晚赢得了决赛，整队将在热情的粉丝欢呼下周游这个城市。这里用to be done表示伴随。考点5. 作后置定语的动词被动语态The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. completingB. completedC. having been completedD. to have been completed考点7.形式被动意义表主动的短语一般都由“be v.ed介词或少量的不定式”组成，如be faced with(面临)，be determined to do(下决心干)，be caught in(遇上), be devoted to (致力于), be known for(因出名)，be lost in(陷于，埋头于) 等等。在句中作状语时只需去掉be。_ to achi