高三英语从高考题看“should”的用法

从高考题看“should”的用法Should 这一情态动词是学习中的难点，也是高考考试中的热点。现将它的用法归纳如下。一、用来提出劝告，建议或征求意见此用法常用在I think/ I dont think/ Do you think ?后面的从句中。- Do you think I should apply for this job? 你认为我应该申请这个工作吗？- Yes, I think you should. 是的，我想你应该。What do you think I should do next?你认为我下一步该怎么办呢？二、用来表示责任和义务You should be strict with yourself in everything.你应该处处严格要求自己。Ought to也可表示责任和义务，一般可以通用，但有些细微的差别。Should 表示自己的主观看法，含有“按我的想法应该如何”的意思；ought to更多地反映客观情况，含有“按理说应该如何”的意思。试比较：You should/ought to go and see Mary sometime.你应该抽时间去看看玛丽。（两者均可）We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I dont think we will.明天我们按理 应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们不会去。（此处不宜用should）三、用来表示可能性1 Should 可表示很大的可能性- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.- They should be ready by 12. (NMET 1999)我什么时候能取照片？我明天下午要用。他们在十二点以前应该准备好。Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment. (NMET 1995)现在都接近七点钟了。杰克随时都可能到这儿。2. should 还可用在if, in case, so that, for fear that等后面的状语从句中，表示可能性不那么大。Ive left the washing outside. If it should rain, can you bring it in?我把衣服晾在外面了。万一下雨，请把它拿进来，好吗？在英国英语中，“If + 主语 + should + 动词”条件句，常用“Should + 主语+ 动词”的倒装句来代替。Well buy some more food in case Tom should come.我们得多买些食物，汤姆说不定要来。Shes working hard for fear that she should fail.她工作非常努力，唯恐失败。四、“should +不定式的完成体”结构，表示“过去本该做而实际上未做”的意思。表示一种责备或遗憾。在这个结构中should 也可用ought to/ was(were) to来代替。它的否定式“should/ ought to/ was(were) to + 不定式的完成体”表示“过去本不该做而实际上做了”的意思。I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I should have written it out. (NMET 1994)我告诉萨利如何来这儿，但是或许我应该给她写出来。I was really anxious about you. You shouldnt have left home without a word. (NMET 2001)我真为你但心，你不该不辞而别。五、用在一些名词性从句中。Should 还可省略。1. 用在suggest, propose, recommend, insist, request, demand., order, command等表示“建议”，“要求 ”，“命令”这类动词后的宾语从句中；也可用在suggestion, request, order等这类名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中以及It is suggested/ requested/ ordered(等这类词) + that主语从句中。I suggested that you (should) ask Mr. Wu for advice.我建议你向吴 先生请教。They insisted that we (should) have dinner with them.他们坚持要我们留下来共餐。His suggestion that you (should) try once more sounds reasonable.他劝你再次尝试的建议听起来很合理。Its ordered that the work (should) be started at once.已命令立即开始工作。2. 用在Its necessary/ important/ vital/ essential that后面的主语从句中，表示事情的必要，重要。Was it necessary that my uncle (should) be informed?有必要通知我叔叔吗？Its essential that you (should) be here on time.你很有必要按时到这儿。3. 用在Its strange, natural, surprising, a pity, a shame 等 that 后面的主语从句中，表示个人对某件事的反应。Its strange that he (should) be late. Hes usually on time.真奇怪，他竟然迟到了。他通常很守时。Its a pity that he (should) fail in the College Entrance Examination. He always works hard.真遗憾，他在高考中落榜了。他学习一直很刻苦。六、用在与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中。如省略if, 可用“Should