高二英语Module8 Unit3 The world of colours and light知识精讲 译林出版社

高二英语Module8 Unit3 The world of colours and light知识精讲 译林出版社一. 本周教学内容：Module 8 Unit 3 The world of colours and light二. 教学目标： Reading Strategy, Language points & Grammar三. 教学重难点：Language points& Grammar（一）Reading Strategy: reading a life storyWhen you are reading someones life story, which is sometimes called a biography, you will usually find that the text goes in the order that things happened. It will begin by talking about when and where the person was born, e.g., He was born in France in 1840. It may discuss their childhood and education and early influences. If the person (an artist or a musician, for example) is famous for their skills or work, the text will talk about their most famous works, the style of their works and what made them special, e.g., His early paintings used a style called Impressionism. It may also compare them to other famous people in the same field. Then it will mention the date of their death and perhaps talk about what people thought about their work, e.g., he only sold one painting before he died in 1890.（二）Language Points1. talent(1) u and c a natural ability to do something welle.g. He has a lot of talent , and his work is fresh and interesting.talent fore.g. She showed a talent for acting at an early age.(2) u a person or people with a natural ability or skille.g. Britains footballing talent2. architectureuthe style and design of a building or buildingsarchitecture ofe.g. the architecture of Venicea rchitect n.person who designs buildings and supervises their constructione.g. the architects plans for the new theatre3. calculate(1) to find out how much something will cost, how long something will take etc, by using numberse.g. These instruments calculate distances precisely.calculate how much/how many etc.e.g. Im trying to calculate how much paint we need.calculate (that)e.g. Sally calculated that shed have about 100 left.(2) to guess something using as many facts as you can findcalculate (that)e.g. Researchers calculated that this group was at a higher risk of heart disease.(3) calculate on somethingif you calculate on something, you are depending on it for your plans to succeede.g. Were calculating on an early start.4. astronomythe scientific study of the stars and planetsastronautc someone who travels and works in a spacecraftastronomerc a scientist who studies the stars and planets5. rangen. (1) c usually singulara number of people or things that are all different, but are all of the same general typerange ofe.g. a range of servicesThe drug is effective against a range of bacteria.in/within a . rangee.g. Your blood pressures well within the normal range.in the range (of) something to somethinge.g. a salary in the range of $25,000 to $30,000(2) to include a variety of different things or people in addition to those mentionedrange from something to somethinge.g. The show had a massive audience, ranging from children to grandparents.There were 120 students whose ages ranged from 10 to 18.range between something and somethinge.g. The population of these cities ranges between 3 and 5 million.6. distributeto share things among a group of people, especially in a planned way give outdistribute something among/to somebodye.g. Clothes and blankets have been distributed among the refugees.a man distributing leaflets to passers-by7. negotiateto discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politicsnegotiate withe.g. The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.negotiation c usually plural, uofficial discussions between the representatives of opposing groups who are trying to reach an agreement, especially in business or politicsnegotiation withe.g. The negotiations with the company had reached a crucial stage.negotiation betweene.g. This follows private negotiations between the landowner, and the leisure centre.negotiable.an offer, price, contract etc that is negotiable can be discussed and changed before being agreed one.g. The price is not negotiable.8. adore(1) to love someone very much and feel very proud of theme.g. Betty adores her grandchildren.(2) to like something very muche.g. I simply adore chocolate.（三）Grammar在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法结构的需要，或者为了强调，谓语的全部或一部分要提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做倒装。倒装的种类:全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前.部分倒装是把助动词.情态动词或be动词放在主语之前.倒装的几种情况:1. 在疑问句中Do you speak English ？2. 在there be 结构中(be可以换成表示存在的动词 live, stand, lie, come, exist 等)There stand a lot of tall trees in our school.Long long ago ,there lived a king.3. 直接引语的一部分或全部放句首时,有时也倒装.“She looks quiet enough, doesnt she ?” said one of them.I. 完全倒装1. 在以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副词开头,谓语动词为 be, come, go, run, walk, rush, fall 或者以 then, now 开头,谓语动词为 come, follow, begin, end, be等, 主语又是名词,主谓要用完全倒装.There goes the bell.Away walked the stranger.Here comes the bus.Now comes your turn.Out ran two little boys.Then followed a shot of gun.2. 当句首为表示地点的介词短语时，如果句子的主语为名词，那么句子的主语和谓语完全倒装。墙上挂着一幅很大的中国地图。On the wall hangs a large map of China.教室外站着一位老人。Outside the classroom stood an old man.在小镇的东面有一个漂亮的湖。East of the town lies a beautiful lake.他们到了一所房子，房子前坐着位小男孩。They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy.注意：In the armchair she sat.Look! Here they come.3. 有时当句子没有宾语而主语又比较长,或者为了使上下文紧密衔接,常把状语.表语放在句首,主谓完全倒装.坐在地上的是一群在玩牌的年轻人。Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards.年轻的日子一去不复返。Gone are the days when we are young.躺在地上的是一位年纪十七岁左右的男孩。Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.4. 完全倒装用于表示祝愿的句型里.Long live the Chinese people.II. 部分倒装1. only所修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,主句用部分倒装.到昨天他才发现他的手表不见了。Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.只有通过刻苦努力你才能成功。Only by working hard can you succeed.只有当他告诉我的时候我才知道真相。Only when he told me about the news did I know the truth.2. 在以often, always, once, many a time, now and then, every other day, every two hours等频率副词以及well, thus等作状语位于句首时,用部分倒装.Many a time has he given me good advice.Thus was it stolen.3. 当 never, never before, not , no, little, seldom, nowhere, hardly /scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, not onlybut also, not until, by no means(决不), in no case, in no way, in no time, no longer 等表示否定或半否定意义的副词.介词短语.连词等放在句首时, 用部分倒装.在会上他只字不说。Not a single word did he speak at the meeting.他一点也不在意自己的安危。Little did he care about his own safety.他一到学校就开始抄别人的作业。No sooner had he got to school than he set out to copy others homework.我很少去电影院。Seldom do I go to the cinema.直到一个星期后他才收到信。Not until a week later did he receive the letter.( 当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。)理论无法与实践分离。In no way can theory be separated from practice.不仅城市被污染了，街道也很拥挤。Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowded.4. 以so, neither, nor开头的句子或分句中,表示某人.某事或某种情况与前面提到的相同,此结构的主谓部分倒装.I can speak English, (and) so can you.You speak English well, _.I have never heard of such a thing, _.Tom didnt finish his homework. _.注意: 1） 表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定,其主语与上文主语相同时, 这种结构的主谓不倒装.Your father smoked a lot.So he did.2） 若前一分句中包含不同种类的动词,而后一分句所说情况也符合前文所说情况(肯定或否定均可),常用句型: It is / was the same with 或 So it is / was withJack is a student and studies in China. So it is with Green.5. 在so + adj./adv. + that 结构中,若So + adj./adv. 放在句首,主句用部分倒装.(suchthat结构一样)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.他是如此有名的人，人人都想与他合影。Such a well-known man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him.注：such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：Such was the result.Such was the story he told.6. If 引导的虚拟条件句, 可省略if, 把should, had 或 were 放在主语前.Should it rain, the crops would grow better.Were I your father, I would not give you the money.要不是船长的话，船就沉了。Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.III. 不倒置主谓语序的倒装结构1. 在由as/though “尽管”引导的让步状语从句中, 常将从句中的表语或副词状语调到句首,但从句的主谓语序不倒装.Much as the child wanted it, he didnt dare to say so.尽管年轻，他知道的很多。Young as / though he is, he knows a lot.注意： 句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。Scientist as he is, he remains modest.Try as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.2. however / no matter how 等引导的让步状语从句中,常将从句中的形容词.副词提到句首,紧跟在however 之后,但从句的主谓语序不倒装.However difficult computer science is, I will try my best to master it.【模拟试题】I. 单项选择：1. Her opinion _ because of her experience.A. counts B. calculates C. amounts D. account2. The doctors _ the medicines to the people in the flood area.A. distinguished B. chose C. annoyed D. distributed3. Its wrong for teachers to _ their students by their grades.A. deal B. sort C. arrange D. range4. The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding5. What is the cost of your shirts here, sir?It depends on which fashion you want to buy, and the prices _ from 100 dollars to 500 dollars.A. increase B. range C. reach D. different6. Over 2,000 oversees students was _ to our school this year.A. admitted B. accepted C. received D. made7. She doesnt enjoy her job _ she used to.A. as what B. that C. what D. the way8. We had no way _ where he was.A. to knowing B. of knowingC. to be knowing D. of being known9. Only in this way _ have a chance to succeed.A. you can B. you will C. you shall D. can you10. Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?No, thats _ they are mistaken.A. where B. when C. so D. how11. Is there a restaurant around _ I have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where12. I dont mind picking up your things from the store, _, the walk will do me good.A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides13. My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it.A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of14. She said she _ afford _ her children to school.A. wouldnt; to send B. wouldnt; sendingC. couldnt; to send D. couldnt; sending15. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun16. _, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.A. As long as I have traveledB. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much17. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther18. _ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check19. He got to the station early, _ missing his train.A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of20. Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself21. The time he has devoted in the past ten years _ the disabled is now considered _ of great value.A. to help; being B. to helping; to be C. help; to be D. helping; being22. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless23. Well have to finish the job, _.A. however long does it takeB. it takes however longC. long however it takesD. however long it takes24. No sooner _ his talk _ he was surrounded by the workers.A. he finished; is B. he had finished; thenC. had he finished; than D. did he finish; when25. Hardly _ when the train pulled away.A. had he got to the train station B. did he get to the train stationC. he had got to the train station D. he got to the train station26. Have you been to New Zealand?No, Id like to, _.A. too B. though C. yet D. either27. David has made great progress recently._ and _.A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have you D. So