江西省信丰二中高中英语《Unit 3 Computers 》学案（3） 必修2

江西省新丰第二中学英语必修第Unit 3 Computers例(3)学习内容：1 .理解当前完成时手动语音的配置。2.理解当前完成时手动语音在使用过程中需要注意的问题。学习方法：确认资料；合作讨论；请参阅学习时间：1.完成后手动语音的配置观察和思考1.现在完成时手动声音的肯定由Have/has been和动词的过去分词组成。例如：Two windows have been broken.两扇窗户碎了。2.完成时被动语态的否定由Have/has not been和物质动词的过去分词组成。例如：The carhas not been repaired .这辆汽车还没修好。3.完成时手动语音的一般问题由Have/has主题+been+和物质动词的过去分词组成。例如：-has her work been finished？坟墓是闪光寺吗？/P-是，it是。是的，完成了。Have the cars been repaired？这些车修好了吗？-不，they havent.不，还没。4.完成时手动语音的特殊问题由疑问词have/has主题+been+和事物动词的过去分词方法组成。例如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成多久了？Who has been helper the new computer？谁得到了这台新电脑的帮助？how many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生学了多少单词？小试牛刀根据上述知识，完成1-6题1)I can t see any coffee in this cupboard。-？A.has it all been finished b . was it all finishedC.has it all finished d . did it all finish(2)millions of pounds damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night .A.has been causedB。had been causedC.will be causedd。will have been caused3)more patients in hospital this year than last year。A.treatedb。have treated C. had been treated。have been treated4)The window is dirty。-I know。It for weeks。A.hasnt cleaned B. didnt cleanC.wason t cleaned d . hason t been cleaned5)I like these English songs and they _ _ _ _ _ many times on the radio .A.taught b . have taught c . are taught d . have been taught6)in recent years many footlball club _ _ as business to make a profit。A.have run B. have been runc。had been rund。will run2.现在完成时使用被动语态要注意的问题观察和思考1.现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词have /has和been，其中一个是必需的。2.注意与一般过去被动语态的差异。一般过去时态的被动语态意味着在过去的任何时间点其结果对现在都没有影响。目前完成时，被动语态的动作或状态仍集中在该动作或状态对当前的影响和结果上，即使在过去。例如：The house was built last year.这房子是去年建的。The house has been built.这房子已经建好了。3.finish、buy、start、begin、post、return、borrow、join、marry、open等例如：翻译：这本书买了多久了？错误：How long has this book been bought？正面：How long ago was this book bought？但是，这些动词的否定表示动作的持续过程，具有连续性，可以与since或for引导的持续时间一起使用。例如：no books have been boughtsince last week。上周以来，没有人买书。4.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整，不能省略短语动词的介词或副词。例如：这个孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。小试牛刀根据上述知识，完成53353413问题对与错的辨析7)能源饮料不能在澳大利亚制造，但可以从新西兰进口。错误：energy drinks are not allowed to be making in Australia but are bought in from new Zealand。郑：去年以来，我们家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。错误：great changes have been taken place in our hometwn since last year。郑：去年那所学校派了12名以上的学生去留学。错误：more than a dozen students in that school sent abroad to study medicine last year。郑：这把椅子做起来很舒服。错误：the chair is very comfortable to be sat on。郑：我买了10年的那辆车真的需要修理。错误：the old car I boughtten years ago really needs repair。郑：这件衣服的材料很柔软。错误：the material of the clothes is felt very soft。郑：这个小女孩经不起批评。错误：the little girl can t stand criticing。郑：(14)这些玩具很受孩子们的欢迎，卖得很好。错误：the new toys are very popular with children，and they are sold well。郑：(15)据说，早期欧洲扑克是为娱乐和教育的目的而设计的。错误：it is said that European cards have designed for entertainment and education。郑：自我检查单一选择1.paper money _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for over a thousand years。A.used b . has been used c . has used d d . is using2.-we want to sit at the table near the window。im sorry，but it _ _ _ _ _ _ already。A.has taken b . took c . was taken d . has been taken3._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the letter _ _ _ _ _ to Mr . black？Its still on the desk。A.HasGiven B. WillBe given C. WasGiven D. HasBeen given4.how long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ at this job？-Since 1990。A.were you employeed b . have you been employeedC.had you been employeed。will you be employeed5.the reason for all the changes being made _ _ _ _ _ _ to us yet。A.as not exploded b . has not been expainedC.didnt explain D. were not explained6.great changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in my hometwn and a lot of factories _ _ _ _ _ _。A.have been taken place；Are being set upB.have taken place；Have been set upC.are taken place；Had been set upD.had taken place；will be set up参考答案答：a分析：第一句话告诉我在柜子里看不到咖啡，接着说：“咖啡已经喝完了吗？”问。所以选择a。2回答：a分析：“昨晚袭击英国北部的风暴造成了数百万英镑的损失。”在此强调过去的运动对当前的影响，选择a。3回答：d解决：问题的patients和treat是被动关系，a、b除外。根据时间副词this year，选择d以使用当前完成的被动语态。4答案：d分析：在上面的句子中，“窗户被弄脏了”，所以下面的句子应该选择“窗户已经几周没有擦了”d。5.回答：d分析：这首歌在广播里已经学了很多。所以现在使用完成状态的被动语态。6 B分析：通过最近时间副词In the recent years知道当前完成状态。因为作为“经营”，run使用了事物动词，被动语态。因此，请选择项目b。7.答案：正面：energy drinks are not allowed to be made in Australia but are bought in from new Zealand .分析：drink和make之间存在移动-来宾关系，其中饮料是制造出来的，使用被动声音。8答案：马上：great changes have taken place in our home toown since last year。分析：take place“发生”、自动动词、无手动语音、删除been。9答案：正面：more than a dozen students in that school were sent abroad to study medicine last year。解决方法：句子的主语ents与动作send有被动关系，所以使用被动语态。10回答：the chair is very comfortable to sit on。解释：在“be adj .不定式”结构中，不定式与动作主语有相互关系，不定式往往表示被动意义。11答案：例如：the old car I boughtten years ago really needs repairing to be repaired。分析：主语汽车需要修理，所以使用被动语态。尤其是当needwantrequire表示被动意义时，您可以同时使用doing和to be done。12回答：马上：the material of the clothes feels very soft。分析：表示特性的系动词，常用其主动形式表示被动意义。Look、sound、smelll、taske、prove、appear等。13回答：马上：the little girl can t stand criticized。分析：小女孩和批评是被动关系，stand在忍受言语的同时添加了v-ing形式，所以使用了being criticized。14答案：例如，the new toys are very popular with children，and they sell well。分析：sell在畅销或难说出口的时候往往表示被动意义。15答案：例如，it is said that europen card