高中英语 Module 4《Sandstorms in Asia-Grammar》学案2 外研版必修3

Module 4Sandstorms in Asia语法 不定式审核人： 设计时间：授课时间： 学生姓名：学习重点：不定式 学习重点：不定式用法学习过程:一 基本形式 _二 时态 语态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式(1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.（不定式作主语）It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)(2)时态1) 现在时：_He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2) 完成时：_。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行时：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.三 成分：_ _ _ _ _ _1、 作_：谓语动词用_表_(1)把不定式置于句首eg ; To study with you is my pleasure.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：_Its our duty to take good care of the old._How long did it take you to finish the work?_常用的adj 有_It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour._常用的adj 有_等表示赞扬或批评的词.It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于_，如：Itskind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English._It seemed impossible to save money.注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see.2、作_ 即：v+to do 此类动词有_eg：The driver failed to see the other car in time.I happen to know the answer to your question.3、作_即：v+sb.+to do此类动词_eg：a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.b.We believe him to be guilty.4、作_表示_To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例）。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例），不定 式说明主语的内容。Our work is serving the people.What he likes is taking a walk after supper.The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving thepeople is our work,而句中是现在分词作 表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。5、作_(_,_,_)1）作_To only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.2）作_，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.3) 作_Im glad to see you.省to 的动词不定式1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：2） 使役动词 1 _2 _3 _3） 感官动词 1_2_3-_4_5_6_7_8_9_10_等后作宾补，省略to。注意：_。I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.4） 表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather，had better，might(just) as well：rather than置于句首时。Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.5） Why / why not：6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：7） but和except：_。He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.8）当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。He wants to move to France and marry the girl.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.9） 通常在_, _, _,_, _等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。10）不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。Weve missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.动词不定式的否定式Tell him not to shut the windowShe pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。练习1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told6. You were silly not _your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked7. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A .dont make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else.A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbed D. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed _in a fire.A. being destroyed B. having been destroyedC. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take place B. to be taken placeC. to have taken place D. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _f