高中英语 Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage-Section 2 The Analysis of the Difficult Sentences练习 外研版选修7

Module 6 The Worlds Cultural HeritageSection 2 The Analysis of the Difficult Sentences from Module 6 The Worlds Cultural Heritage1. Fewer than 5% lived to the age of 50. 活到50岁的人不到5%。to在这里表示达到某种程度，意思是“到”动词+to的常见短语：动词+ toadjust to适应，attend to处理；照料，agree to赞同，amount to加起来达，belong to属于， come to达到，drink to为干杯，get to到达，happen to发生在某人身上，hold to紧握，lead to通向，listen to听，occur to想起，object to反对，point to指向，respond to回答，refer to参考；指的是；涉及，reply to回答，see to负责，stick to坚持，turn to求助，write to给某人写信动词（+sth.）+to+sb.announce to通知某人，describe to向某人描述，explain to向某人解释，express to对某人表达，mention to提及，nod to向某人点头，report to报告，say to告知，shout to对某人大叫，suggest to对某人提建议，speak to与某人交谈，talk to跟某人谈话，whisper to和某人低声耳语动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.add to增加，compare to比作，carry to运送至，devote to致力于，introduce to介绍给，invite to邀请参加，join to连接到，leave to委托给，reduce to下降至，sentence to判处，take to带到2. They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired. 该组织提议关闭这个遗址并进行维修。该句中采用虚拟语气，be前省略了should，文中还有类似的句子，“They have suggested that the general public be encouraged to help with the problem.” “A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise money.” “We have requested that the government get involved, but we also need assistance from ordinary people.”下面就本课的虚拟语气结合以上这些句子来学习虚拟语气的运用。虚拟语气用于名词性从句 (1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 “wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时； 表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”； 表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如： Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround. IwishIhadknowntheanswer. IwishIcouldflylikeabird. 在表示建议、要求、命令的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形或是动词原形，should可以省略。如： Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce. Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated. (2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。 作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。如： Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful. Myideaisthatthey(should) pay100dollars. (3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如： Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday. Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.) thatyoushouldbesocareless. It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如： Itispitythatyoucantswim. 虚拟语气在其他场合的运用 (1)虚拟语气在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如： Hediditasifhewereanexpert. Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem. (2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。 这种从句常用于句型“Itis(high)time(that)”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should+动词原形，意思是“(现在)该”。如： ItstimethatIpickedupmydaughter. Itshightimeweweregoing. (3)虚拟语气用在ifonly引导的感叹句中。如： IfonlyIwereabird. IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice. (4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如： Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate. Wouldyoubekindenoughtoclosethedoor? 用于一些习惯表达法中。如： Wouldyoulikeacupoftea? Iwouldrathernottellyou.高考链接1. The workers will go on strike if the demands they _ put forward are turned down. (2020福建)A. could B. would C. / D. had2. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2020湖北)A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (1995全国)A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken4. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. (1996全国)A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got5. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (2000上海)A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie6. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall7. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. (2020上海春)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow8. - Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?- I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. ( 2020江苏)A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what9. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ which is too cold for us to live on.(1997上海)A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly10. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.(1993上海)A. should beB. would beC. have beenD. had beenKeys: 1-5 CBCDC 6-8 BCBAD3They are a precious part of our cultural heritage it is of vital importance that we do something. 它们是我们文化遗产中极其宝贵的部分因此我们采取行动就显得尤为重要。of vital importance=very important“of+抽象名词”相当于该名词相应的形容词。不过，这种结构常用于较正式的场合，书面语中尤为常见。再看下面几个句子：This book will be of great value to him in his students. (=Be very valuable)The book is of much interest. (=Be very interesting)“be of +名词”还可以表达以下几种意义：1、表示“具有，具备”，如：Her story is of some colours of the truth. 她的故事有点真实感The Partys 16th congress is of epoch making significance.党的十六大具有划时代的意义。2、表示“属于”，如：The products are of first-rate quality.这些产品的质量是属于第一流的。3、表示“包含”、“包括”、“类别”等，如The Americans are of almost all colures and races.美国人几乎包括各种各样的肤色及种族。His whole life was of best glory.她的一生是非常光荣的。4. 这种结构还可表示“年龄”.“出身”“等级”等，例：We are of the same age. 我们年龄相同。He was of noble birth and high rank. 他出身于高贵门庭。需要提及的是，“be of + 名词”结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法：“be of no + 名词”。例如：He is of no colour, for he has been ill for two wee