高中英语虚拟语气小议专题辅导

高中英语虚拟语气小议一、条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟条件句表示的是与现在事实、过去事实或将来事实相反的假设，实现的可能性极小或与事实相反。if从句中的动词形式主句中的动词形式与现在事实相反were/didwould (couldshouldmight)+do与过去事实相反had donewould(could/should/might) + have done与将来事实相反were/didwould (could/should/might)+do（主句中的should多用于第一人称。美国英语的结果主句，不管什么人称，皆常用would。)should dowere to do【真题回放】This printer is of good quality. If it break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (2020天津)A. would B. should C. could D. might析：B。根据前句中的is及主句的谓语动词would repair，可知是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。二、错综时间混合虚拟语气当条件从句与结果主句所表示的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应做相应的调整。如：If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now. 如果他们昨天早上动身的话，他们现在就在这里了。(从句表示过去，主句表示现在)【真题回放】It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(2002上海)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall析：B。根据would be doing today可知主句与现在事实相反。根据at the age of seven可知if从句与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。三、虚拟条件从句的倒装和省略如果虚拟条件从句的谓语动词中含有were，had(助动词)或should，可以省略连词if，而把were，had或should放在主语前构成倒装。如果条件从句是否定形式，倒装时只能把not放在主语的后面。如：Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。Should you require anything, just give me a ring. 你要是需要什么就给我打个电话。Had it not been for the doctors care, I should not be speaking to you now. 要是当时没有医生的治疗，我现在就不能对你讲话了。【真题回放】What would have happened, , as far as the river bank? (2001上海)A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther析：C。句意：如果鲍勃走得更远些，远到河岸，会发生什么事?四、含蓄条件虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而暗含在上下文中，如可通过某些词语(without，otherwise，but，but for等)表现出来。如：But for the English test, I would have gone home this week. 要不是有英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。(but for短语暗示了条件)I would have written you before but I have been ill. 要不是病了，我早给你写信了。Anybody else would have believed you. 要是换上别人早就信了你的话。【真题回放】But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.(2020福建)A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won析：B。“英语作文比赛的一等奖”是既成事实，由此可知表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用wouldshouldcouldmight + have done结构。五、“(should)do型”虚拟语气(主要用在名词性从句中)1. 在表示建议、要求、命令等的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order，command)，三个建议(suggest，advise，recommend)，四个要求(ask，demand，request，require)。2. suggest与insist后宾语从句中的虚拟语气与陈述语气用法比较。Her face suggested (暗示) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议) that she (should) be sent to hospital immediately.Tom insisted (坚决要求) Mike (should) apologize to his teacher, but Mike insisted (坚持说；认为) that he was not wrong.【联想拓展】1. “(should) do型”虚拟名词性从句之间的转换(虚拟宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句之间的转换)。I suggested that he (should) go there at once. (宾语从句)=I made a suggestion that he (should) go there at once. (同位语从句)=My suggestion was that he (should) go there at once. (表语从句)=It is suggested that he (should) go there at once. (主语从句)注：This is the suggestion thatwhich he made at the meeting. (定语从句，陈述语气)2. It is surprising (a pity，strange，important，a shame.) +that+主语+(should) do句型。如：It is strange that he (should) have said so.It is necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.【真题回放】Dont you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem is he has refused to.(2020江苏)A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what解析：B。第一空是that引导的宾语从句，由于有necessary作补足语，因此用虚拟语气(should) do的形式；第二空是that引导的表语从句。另外：proposal，plan，idea等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句也用虚拟语气。如：My idea is that we (should) have a picnic in the coming weekend. 我的意见是在周末来一次野炊。六、特殊句式中的虚拟语气(Its time that/ would ratheras ifas thoughif only等)It be (about/high) time that后的从句，谓语动词用过去式或用“should+动词原形”。would rather sb. +动词过去式(与现在或将来事实相反)would rather sb. +had+过去分词(与过去事实相反)(谓语)动词+as ifas though+从句中的虚拟语气(be常用were)动词过去式(主从句同时)。had+过去分词(从句动作在主句之前)。could/might/would+动词原形(从句动作在主句之后)。It looks as if he were 10 years younger today.It looks as if he hadnt had a meal for a week.It looks as if he could live for another century.The man looked very worried, as if something would happen to him.注：as if/though引导的表语从句有时可用陈述语气。在wish后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。谓语动词的形式为：与现在事实相反用动词过去式(be用were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时或couldwould + have