cfa level 1词汇 L1word3.docx

专注金融培训服务cfa level 1词汇 L1word3footnote n.附注,脚注proxy statement n.委托书A document containing the information that a company is required by the SEC to provide to shareholders so they can make informed decisions about matters that will be brought up at an annual stockholder meeting.Investopedia Says:Issues covered in a proxy statement can include proposals for new additions to the board of directors, information on directors salaries, information on bonus and options plans for directors, and any declarations made by company management.ongoing / ngu; no/ adj esp attrib 尤作定语 continuing to exist or progress 继续存在的; 进行中的: an ongoing debate 持续的辩论 * an ongoing programme of research 正在进行的研究计划.regular member 正式会员affiliate membership附属会员peripheral prifrladj.1. 不重要的;周界的;外围的;外部的;边缘的2.非本质的;不深入的;肤浅的incidental ,insidentla. 附带的, 偶然的, 容易发生的n. 附带事件医 偶然的经 附带的, 非主要的SubsidiaryA company whose voting stock is more than 50% controlled byanother company, usually referred to as the parent company.Investopedia Says:As long as the parent company has more than 50% of the voting stock in the subsidiary, it has control.In the case of a foreign subsidiary, the companyunder which the subsidiary isincorporated must adhere to thelaws of the country in which the subsidiary operates,although the parent company still carries the foreign subsidiarys financials on its books (consolidated financial statements).Subsidiary 子公司、附属公司:50%或以上投票股权由另一家公司持有的企业a. 辅助的，附设的 (to sth) 附属的; 从属的; 次要的:subsidy sbsidin.津贴，补助金retirement 退役,报废退股,还本退休schedule schedule | skedl /edjuln. 时间表, 计划, 一览表v. 将.列表; 安排, 预定; 将.列入计划表acquisition 收购；购置；取得disposal 处置；脱手legal action 经 (法律)诉讼contingency n. 偶然性, 可能性, 意外事故-意外事项,或有事项commitment kmitmntn.承诺，保证；信奉，献身；承担的义务enter into commitment 承担义务； (商业上的)约定additional commitments 追加的投资， 追加承诺irrevocable commitments to disburse 不可撤销的拨付承诺的款项loan commitment 贷款承诺commit kmitvt. (committed; committing)1. 犯（错误， 罪行）； 干（坏事）2. 委托（to）3. 对.作出保证； 承诺； 把.提交给； 把.押交拘留， 判处4. 使.承担任务； 使表态5. 调配.供使用； 指定.用于6. 使（部队）投入战斗7. 约束； 连累commit oneself on 对.表态commit oneself to 委身于， 专心致志于hedging 对冲；套期保值perspective pspektiv n.视角，观点；远景；透视画法，透视图overview uvvju:n.概述,概观,综缆，综述，总的看法discontinued operations n.非连续性（持续性）经营活动Extraordinary ItemGains or losses included in a companys financial statements, which are infrequent and unusual in nature. These are usually explained further in the notes to the financial statements.Investopedia Says:These are the result of unforeseen and atypical events. They are usually accounted for separately so they dont skew the companys regular earnings. An example would be a snowstorm in Hawaii creating extraordinary losses to banana crops. These losses might be written down as a one-time charge due to an extraordinary item.Extraordinary Item 非经常项目； 特殊帐项公司财务报表包含的非经常、不常见收益或损失，一般在作会计报表附注中详细说明unusual njuuladj.1. 不常见的; 难得的2. 稀罕的3. 例外的; 奇异的unusual or infrequent events 偶然项目或事件、非经常项目implication implikeinn.含意，暗示，暗指；卷入，牵连interim intrima. 暂时的, 临时的, 间歇的n. 过渡时期经 期中, 中期; 暂时的in interim financial statements 中期财务报表certified 注册的，合格的，持有证明书的,已证明的public accounting firm n.会计师事务所,会计公司general accepted auditing standards n.公认审计准则accepted accounting principles n.公认会计原则omission uminn. 省略, 遗漏, 疏忽化 省略经 省略, 删节, 遗漏realization 变现；变卖产业卖产业asset value 经 资产价值litigation n.诉讼起诉act 法案,法规retrieval ritri:vln. 取回, 恢复, 检索计 检索Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易管理委员会Corporate governance 企业管治；公司治理The relationship between all the stakeholders in a company. This includes the shareholders, directors, and management of a company, as defined by the corporate charter, bylaws, formal policy and rule of law.Investopedia Says:Ethical companies are said to have excellent corporate governance.一家企业所有权益方之间的关系，包括股东、董事及管理层等，根据企业章程、附则、正式政策及法规来确定as defined by. 按.确定common-size statement 共同尺度报表百分率表intend intendvt.打算，计划；打算使(成为)，想让做intended intendid . 打算之中的, 预期的; 计划之内的2. 有意的, 故意的3. 未婚的; 未来的 n. 未婚夫(妻)法 故意的, 有意的, 有计划的recommendation rekmendeinn.推荐(信)；建议；优点，长处along with 与.在一起; 在.以外Press Release 新闻稿:如果是盈利公布，新闻稿包含最近季度的财务业绩，也可能包括公司管理人员的评论。新闻稿经常包括有助研究的联系信息，例如公司的网站News that is sent out or released by the company making the news. If its an earnings press release, the release will discuss the financial results of the company for the recently completed quarter and may provide comments from management. Press releases often list valuable contact information that can assist you in your research, such as the companys web address, information contacts and address information.Investopedia Says:Remember that press releases are written by the companies, not by a reporter, so they can be full of company bias. Often, as you search online news databases, it may be difficult to distinguish between a press release and a news story written by a journalist. The best way to distinguish the two is by looking closely at the first couple words of the story, which is where the source of the story is usually identified. If the source is identified as BusinessWire or PR Newswire then it is a press release issued by a companyrepurchase 购回；回购；购回股份 line item 排列项 项目 条目contra account 备抵账户抵销账户；对销科目allowance for bad debt 备抵呆帐,备抵坏账,呆帐备抵,呆帐准备,坏帐准备金Allowance For Doubtful AccountsAn estimation made by a company and documented onits balance sheet for receivables that might go uncollected.Investopedia Says:It is standard practice for a company to have funds set aside for money that cannot be collected.Allowance For Doubtful Accounts 呆账准备金公司对可能不能收到的应收账款的预测，这项数据将纪录在公司的资产负债表上allowance 备抵折让、折扣津贴Marketable SecuritiesVery liquid securities that can be converted into cash quickly at a reasonable price. Marketable securities are very liquid as they tend to have maturities ofless than one year. Furthermore, the rate at which these securities can be bought or sold has little effect on their prices. Investopedia Says:Examples of marketable securities include commercial paper, bankers acceptances, Treasury bills and other money market instruments.Marketable Securities 有价证券（可上市证券 （内）；流通证券）流通性非常高，可迅速以合理价格转换成为现金的证券prepaid expenses 预付款预付费用 （内&港）；预计开支 （港）Property1. Anything over which a person or business has legal title.Property may betangible orintangible, but it is owned by an entity and is therefore considered an asset or a liability attributable to that entity.2. An employee who is under contractbecause he or she has something - skills, talents, etc. - of such value that a business may not be able to function without his or her services.3.Another way of saying real property, real estate or land.Investopedia Says:1. Some examples of tangible property that may be included as assets of a business are furniture家俱, fixtures（装置,夹具；pl. 【律】(不动产的)固定附着物(房屋、树木等) ）and equipment. Intangible propertyincludes copywritten material, ideas, patents, rights and so on.2. Because of their importance to the companies for which they work, some employees are under contract and actually considered to be the property of a business for a period of time. For example, celebrities and professional athletes are often termed the exclusive property of the production companies, sports franchises or other corporations that have them under contract (for example, a basketball star who endorses footwear for a company like Nike or Reebok may be that companys exclusive property).3. Land andbuildingsareexamples of realproperty.celebrity silebritin.1. 名声, 名誉2. 名人, 知名之士of great celebrity大名鼎鼎的franchise frntaizn.1. 公民权; 选举权; 参政权2. 美(政府授予个人、公司或社团的)特权, 特许3. 免除赋税负担的特权4. 经销(尤指拥有经销权的地区)5. (保险)免赔额The United States granted the franchise to women in 1920.美国于1920年给妇女以参政权。vt.授某人以参政权、特许权或公民权an amendment -sing adults over 18关于授予满18岁以上的成年人以公民权的修正案继承用法:franchisee frntazin. 特许状持有人; 特许经销代理人franchiser frntaz(r)n. 代经销商; 给予特许者-chisaladj.n.Deferred Tax AssetAn asset on a companysbalance sheet that may be used to reduce any subsequent periods income tax expense. Deferred tax assets canarise due to net loss carryovers, which are only recorded asassets if it is deemed more likely than not that the asset will be used in futurefiscal periods.Investopedia Says:It must be determined that there is more than a 50% probability thatthe company will have positiveaccounting income in the next fiscal periodbeforethe deferred tax asset can be applied. If, for example, a company has a deferred tax asset of $25,000 on its balance sheet, and then the company earns $75,000 in before-tax accounting income, accounting tax expense will be applied to $50,000 ($75,000 - $25,000), instead of $75,000.当纳税单上的应税收益额大于财务报表上的税前收益时，将其超过部分乘以法定税率，记入报表的“递延税款资产”Deferred Tax liabilities 递延税款负债是指由于临时差异而预计存在的税务债项，但是只有将来纳税时才会变成应付项目claim n.要求权Unearned RevenueWhen an individual or company receives money for a service or product that has yet to be fulfilled.Investopedia Says:For example, prepayment on a lease contract - the revenue is a liability until it has been earned.Unearned Revenue未实现/得到的收入 预收收入指一名人士或一家公司对未完成服务或产品收取的收入Property plant equipment 土地厂房设备Income taxes payable 应缴所得税contributed capital 投入资本, 实缴资本，缴入资本,Retained EarningsThe percentage of net earnings not paid outas dividends, but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business or to pay debt. It is recorded under shareholders equity on the balance sheet. Calculated by adding net income to (or subtracting any net losses from) beginning retained earnings and subtracting any dividends paid to shareholders:Also known as the retention ratio or retained surplus.Investopedia Says:In most cases, companies retain their earnings in order to investthem into areas where the company can create growth opportunities,such as buying new machinery or spending the money on more research and development.Should a net loss be greater than beginning retained earnings, retained earnings can become negative, creating a deficit. retained earnings 留存收益未分配盈利没有用作股息派发给股东，但保留在公司用作投资公司核心业务或偿付债务的净利润百分比。在资产负债表内列在股东权益项下计算方法为净利润加（或净亏损减）期初保留盈利，然后减向股东派发的股息Additional Paid In Capital 附加实缴股本,附加资本,实收超额资本；附加缴入资本A value that is often included in the contributed surplus account in the shareholders equity section of a companys balance sheet. The account represent the excess paid by an investor over the par-value price of a stock issue. Additional paid-in-capital can arise fromissuing eitherpreferred or common stock.Investopedia Says:For example, assume thata company issues 1 millionshares with a par value of $50 per share. When the shares are purchased by investors, however,they pay $70 per share -a premium of $20 over par value. When the capital received from this issue is recorded, $50 million($50*1 million) will be allocated to a share capital or paid-in-capital account. The excess $20 million($20*1 million) will be allocated to the contributed surplus account as additional paid-in-capital.Some companies will choose to separate additional paid in capital from contributed surpluson their balance sheetsContributed Surplus 实缴资本盈余The amount ofmoneythat a company earnsfrom sources otherthan its profits, such as when a company issues and sells shares at a price greater than their par value. The contributedsurplusfigure helps both investors and the company todistinguish betweennon-operational and operational income. It is found within the balance sheet.Investopedia Says:If this valuewas combined with operational earnings, investors wouldhave a hard time forecasting relatively accuratefuture earnings becauseearnings from contributed surplus are nota part ofongoing business operations.Treasury Stock 库存/藏股：一家公司回购其普通股，并将股票储存于库房是指发行出去但因特殊原因而由公司收回，且未被注销的股票。公司原则上是不可以买回自己的股票，以免减少法定资本而分割债权人的保障。但在以下情况下，公司可收回或收买自己的股票：1股东清算或受破产宣告时，可按市价收回该股份，以抵偿股东结欠公司的债务；2公司决定和其它公司合并，但少数股东反对，公司得以公平价格购回少数股东的股票；3公司的营业或资产有重大变更，比如出租或委托他人经营，但股东反对，可由公司以公平价格购回持反对意见股东的股票。持有的库藏股，并没有使公司有收取现金股息、投票表决、行使优先认股权及清算时收受资产的权利。在英国，则指金边政权giltedged secureities foreign currency translation 外币折算general expenses n.一般费用/开支,总务费,各项费用-营业费用office supplies 经 办公用品accrual accounting n.权责发生制会计,应计发生制An accounting methodthat measures the performance and position of a company by recognizing economic events regardless of when cash transactions occur. The generalidea is thateconomic events are recognized by matching revenues to expenses (the matching principle)at the time in which the transactionoccurs rather than when payment is made (or received). This methodallows the current cashinflows/outflowsto be combined withfuture expected cash inflows/outflowsto give a more accurate picture of a companys current financial condition.Accrual accountingis considered to bethe standard accounting practice for most companies, with the exception of verysmall operations. This method provides a more accurate picture of the companys current condition, but its relative complexity makes it more expensive to implement. This is theopposite ofcash accounting, which recognizestransactionsonly when there is an exchange of cash.Investopedia Says:The need for thismethodarose out of the increasing complexity of business transactions and adesire for more accurate financial information. Selling on credit andprojects that provide revenue streams over a long period of time affect the companys financial conditionat the point ofthe transaction. Therefore, it makes sense thatsuch events should also be reflected on the financial statements during the same reporting period that these transactions occur.For example, when a company sells a TV to a customerwho uses a credit card, cash and accrualmethods willview the event differently.The revenue generated by the sale of the TV willonlybe recognized by the cash method when themoney is received by the company. If the TV is purchased on credit, this revenue might not be recognized until next month or next year. Accrual accounting, however,says thatthe cash methodisnt accuratebecause it islikely, if not certain, that thecompany willreceive the cash at some point in the future because the sale has been made. Therefore, the accrual accounting methodinstead recognizes the TV sale at the pointat which the customer takes ownership of the TV.Even though cashisnt yet in the bank, the sale is bookedto an account known in accounting lingo as accounts receivable, increasing the sellers revenuelingo lgn. 奇怪难懂的语言; 隐语; 行话subscription subscription | sbskrpnn. 捐献, 订阅, 订金；认股on account n.记帐;赊帐;n.为了,由于.的原因mall ml /ml, mln. 林荫大道; 铁圈球场; 铁圈球戏; 设在郊区的大规模购物中心accounting entry 会计分录book keeping by double single entry复单式簿记elimination entry 抵销分录 end-of-period adjusting entry 期末调整分录provision 拨款；预留款项；备付款项；准备金【律】规定, 条款备抵项目：在会计核算中，对于由于时间或金额的不确定性而产生的或有负债provision for tax n.纳税准备金，备付税项provision for income tax 备付所得税provision on account 临时拨款额provision estimate 临时估计数字provisional tax 暂缴税provisional profits tax暂缴所得税journal entry 日记帐分录 general journal (总)普通日记帐general ledger 总账 总分类帐 ledger 分类帐 总帐trial balance 电子表格convergence 趋于一致；整合；会聚,聚焦financial performance 财政/务状况；财政/务业绩经营业绩financial position 财务状况emerging market 新兴市场achieve convergence实现一体化arguable adj.可论证的,可辩论的registration statement n.有价证券申请上市登记表上市申请书entity 实体；机构；个体 an entity 会计主体separate entity 单独实体taxable entity 应纳税单位impersonal entity 法人单位legal entity 法人实体off-budget entity 预算外单位profit-oriented business entity 营利企业单位risk-bearing entity 保险实体business entity 企业单位, 营业单位qualitative characteristics( of accounting information) 会计信息的质量特征substance over form 实质重于形式economic reality 经济实质arms length transaction 正常公平交易in the senes of n.在.意义上free of a. 免于The ship was free of the harbor. 那艘船离开了港囗。Dont interrupt him; hes been writing away all morning and likes to have a long period free of other considerations.别打搅他，他已不停地写了一上午了。他喜欢有个较长的时间不受其它事情的干扰。He was free of the house. 他可以自由使用那房子。Going ConcernA term for a company that has the resources needed in order to continue to operate indefinitely. If a company is not a going concern, it means the company has gone bankrupt.Also known as Going Concern Value.Investopedia Says:In other words, this refers to a companys ability to make enough money to stay afloat or avoid bankruptcy.For example, many dotcoms are no longer going concern companies.持续经营:指一家公司拥有继续经营所需的资源。若公司不持续经营，即已经破产afloat flutadj. 多作表语,adv.1. 漂浮(的), (能)航行的2. 在海船上3. 为海浪所冲打(的), 浸在水中, 泛滥4. 免于经济困难的out of debt or difficulties 无债; 无困难: The firm managed to stay afloat during the recession. 在经济衰退期间, 公司设法渡过了难关. 5. 漂浮不定, (计划等)尚未定案6. 流传, 散播7. 【商】(票据等)可流通fair presentation 公允表达/述balance sheet item 资产负债表科目on/upon the face of 1. 从.字面上看, 按照字面的意义2. 显而易见, 显然comparative n.比较的, 接近的Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)财务会计标准委员会Aseven-member independent board consisting of accounting professionals who establish and communicate standards of financial accounting and reporting in the United States. FASB standards, known as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), govern the preparation of corporate financial reports and are recognized as authoritative by the Securities and Exchange Commission.Investopedia Says:Accounting standards are crucial in an efficient market, as information must be transparent, credible and understandable. The FASB sets out to improve corporate accounting practices by enhancing guidelines set out for accounting reports, identifying and resolving issues in a timely manner and creating a uniform standard