补充5——分类词汇.docx

BASIC VERBAL EXPRESSIONSallocate分配corrupt毒害degrade使降级，羞辱deplete消耗distort歪曲exacerbate使进一步恶化hinder/impede/obstruct阻碍imposesth. on sb. 强加jeopardize危及rethink反思sap/dampen削弱spoil破坏stifle扼杀stretchsth. to the limit 过度使用tarnish玷污violate侵犯ascribe to 归因于abide by 遵守be geared toward 按目的设计give priority to 把放在优先位置hinge on 取决于infringe on 侵犯mingle with 进行社交活动nail down 把弄清楚nibble away at 逐渐削减opt to do sth. 选择做某事prevail over 战胜，克服sprout up 短期内大量出现succumb to 屈从于anticipate预感，期望censor审查tackle/grapple with 解决conserve节约使用preserve保护curb遏制curtail削减demolish拆掉disseminate传播（思想）elevate/heighten提高eliminate消除enhance增进，美化exploit使用，开发generate产生harness开发利用intensify强化justify证明合理motivate给动力optimize优化override比更重要consolidate/reinforce增强safeguard保障stimulate激发synthesize有机结合transcend超越uphold支持refrain from 克制不做某事scrape through 勉强混过ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONSmechanism机制misery悲惨wellbeing良好的生活状态alienation疏远equilibrium平衡disparity差距bitter辛酸的，辛辣的sensible明智的，有理性的mercenary唯利是图的，拜金的sweeping席卷一切的all-encompassing包罗万象的sole唯一的rampant猖獗的mounting（负面现象）大量存在且在增加的burgeoning发展迅猛的and/or the vice versa 反之亦然the status quo 现状bona fide 真正的，真实的altruistic利他主义的egalitarian平权主义的enlightened and progressive 开明的，进步的rhetorical skills 用言语打动别人的技巧rhetoric n.雄辩，口才，修辞（学）integrity正直、诚实、原则性强individualism个人主义remedy解决方案posterity后代novelty新鲜的东西rarity罕见的东西commonality共性incidence发生率ambience气氛necessity必需品，必要性niceties华而不实的东西materialistic物质化的，拜物质主义的mediocre平庸的alarming警觉的recurring一再出现的，困扰人的desirable=goodabject形容程度极深+adj.使用laborious需要付出很大努力的flawed有缺陷的impeccable/flawless=perfectindiscriminate adj.不加区分的，不加选择的discriminating有品位的，有鉴赏力的EDUCATIONelective选修课parenting/upbringing（父母角度/孩子角度）的教育curriculum (curricula) 课程总称distraction干扰student-centered以学生为中心的be proficient in 熟练掌握peer pressure 来自同龄人的压力overprotective过度保护的（贬）motivation动力frustration沮丧critical thinking abilities用批判眼光看待问题的能力original有创造力的lay a solid foundation for 为打好基础self-esteem自尊dignity尊严mastery n. 对很好地掌握curiosity好奇心elite精英test-oriented education 应试教育market-oriented economy 市场导向的经济compulsory courses 必修课optional courses 选修课pedagogical methodology 教学法adaptability适应能力segregate students （因种族、性别等）将学生分开教育students feedback/input 学生反馈generalist通才specialist专才versatile全面发展的humanities人文科学social sciences 社会科学liberal studies 文科sciences理科engineering工科basic sciences 基础科学applied sciences 应用科学discipline学科总称self-discipline自制力primary-level education 小学教育secondary-level education 中学教育tertiary-level education 大学教育vocational education 职业教育schooling教育过程（结果是education）psychological soundness 心理健康impart/inculcate knowledge 传授知识instill high moral values 灌输高尚的道德观employable/marketable skills 就业技能force-feeding teaching 填鸭式教学learn things by rote 死记硬背followsth. blindly/indiscriminately盲从extinguish/stifle creativity 限制创造力dampen/sap students enthusiasm打击学生积极性beget/create undue pressure产生不必要的压力mold ones character 塑造性格adversity逆境extracurricular activities 课外活动society in miniature 小社会disruptive students/unruly students不遵守纪律的学生theoretical knowledge 理论知识bilingual双语的nagging嘴碎的stimulating=interestingcognitive认知的guardian监护人imaginative富于想象力的indulge in沉迷于thought-provoking发人深思的ignorant无知的illiterate文盲preschooler学龄前儿童literacy对文字知识的掌握numeracy对数字知识的掌握go astray 误入歧途refreshing给人新鲜感的uplifting令人振奋的single-parent family 单亲家庭minors未成年人spoil溺爱juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪bully v./n.欺负n. 喜欢欺负人的孩子truancy逃学formative years 成型的阶段botany植物学astronomy天文学nurture培养valedictorian中学最优生graduate summa cum laude大学最优生illuminate阐明autonomy自我管理edification启迪syllabus课程大纲TECHNOLOGY信息爆炸/过剩the virtual world虚拟世界be detached from reality 脱离现实inconceivable不可想象的telecommunications远程通讯novel新颖的user-friendly方便使用的conventional常规的standardized标准化的telecommuting在家远程上班labor-saving machinery 减少人力的机器labor-replacing machinery 取代人力的机器state-of-the-art非常先进的cutting-edge尖端的revolutionize彻底变革automated自动化的mechanized机械化的computer-generated电脑生成的assembly line 流水线mass-production大规模生产economical/cost-effective省钱的transform v.深刻改变breakthrough突破ground-breaking有突破性的break (traditional) boundaries打破（传统）界限information explosion/overloadorgan transplant 器官移植pacemaker心脏起搏器telecommunications satellite 通讯卫星meteorological satellite 气象卫星bulletproof vest 防弹背心ingenious有独创性的at a staggering rate 以惊人的速度ultra-lightweight超轻的ultra-thin超薄的portable便携的antenna天线MEDIAcuriosity好奇心blow things out of proportion 夸大事实（多针对媒体）sensationalize夸大事实sway（媒体）影响（大众）flyer传单billboard大广告牌poster海报supermarket tabloids 小报quiz show 有奖竞猜节目reality show 真人秀sitcom 情景喜剧soap opera 肥皂剧variety show 综艺节目current affairs 时事the print media 印刷媒体the electronic media 电子媒体news outlets 新闻机构biased不客观的factual accounts 如实描述up-to-date及时的code of ethics/conduct 道德准则scrutinize监督ubiquitous无处不在的ludicrous/ridiculous荒唐的high/low-profile高调的/低调的exclusive news 独家新闻the glitz and glamor 明星的光环gossip传闻fabricated捏造的dependable/trustworthy可靠的coverage报道make headlines 报道头条newsworthy有新闻价值的informative信息量大的commercialized商业化的ratings收视率go viral 在网络上疯传（新词）overrated评价过高的the press 新闻界groupies/ teenybopper 追星族icon文化象征/圣像make a splash 突然成功clarify澄清censorship审查be awash with/ be inundated with/ be saturated with sth. 充斥着censor审查pornographic contents 色情内容misrepresented/distorted误导性的fraudulent诈骗性的bogus虚假的reportsth. in graphic detail 报道详尽tarnish/ sully/ smear/ besmirch ones reputation 毁坏名誉paparazzi狗仔队scandals丑闻gloss over/ whitewash 掩盖be in the limelight 处于焦点中media hype 媒体炒作SUCCESSdetermination决心motto座右铭a household name 家喻户晓的名字established有一定成就的（形容人）a flash in the pan 昙花一现（作表语）tenacity/perseverance毅力n.willpower意志力setback挫折rugged坚忍不拔的（形容人）stubborn顽固的insurmountable不可逾越的obscure默默无闻的rival对手well-thought-out深思熟虑的blunder重大过错peccadillo可以原谅的错charismatic有魅力的，万人迷的tenacious/persevere 有毅力的adj.go-getter很有本事很容易成功的人highly-sought-after很多人都希望得到的covet v. 妄想adversity逆境have a yearning/longing/craving for sth.渴望得到upward mobility个人通过自身努力获得更高地位的可能性WORKprofession/occupation工作calling n. 天职work ethic 敬业精神professionalism职业水准expertise很高的专业素养seasoned老油条的entrepreneur企业家enterprising事业心强的daunting/formidable艰巨的sleep-deprived睡眠严重不足的idle（人）闲着；（物）闲置zeal n.狂热fervent/ardent十分投入的lofty/noble高尚的job satisfaction 工作满意度gratification satisfactionstability稳定性incentive激励物lead by example 以身作则solidarity团结demanding苛刻的sabbatical year 休息年（教授特权）Sabbatical 安息日whine抱怨etiquette礼仪hectic超级忙碌的clear-cut goals 明确的目标embrace欣然接受excel in 在方面出众feedback反馈industrious勤奋的conscientious尽职尽责的staff morale 员工的工作热情feasible可行的compromise妥协delegation of responsibilities 责任分配workload工作量psychological strain 心理压力layoff/downsizing裁员stiff/fierce激烈的竞争high-caliber高水准的nuisance讨厌的人或东西back-breaking work 非常难做的工作nerve-racking给人精神压力很大的stress-induced diseases 源自压力的疾病collaborate with 合作career prospects 职业前景repetitive重复性的freelancer自由职业者self-employment创业flawless完美的insomnia失眠workaholic工作狂fringe benefits/perks 员工福利compulsive偏执的GOVERNMENTabolish废除（法律、制度） legalize使合法化implement实施 priority优先级，当务之急curtail削减augment增加arms race 军备竞赛self-defense自卫expansion/aggression扩张pursue hegemony 谋求霸权a vicious circle 恶性循环destabilizing factors 地区不稳定因素space race 太空竞赛armaments武器unemployment/joblessness失业infrastructure基础设施power grid 电网pipelines石油天然气管线drainage system 排水系统progressive government 开明政府alleviate/ease减轻，缓解legislation=law 立法tax revenue 税收optimize the distribution of resources优化资源配置stability稳定tackle/grapple with 解决stringent严厉的，严格的lenient宽容的，不苛刻的the citizenry 老百姓regulate/oversee规范，管理vmandatory/compulsory强制性的scrutinize监督allocate money to sth. 拨款a stopgap measure 应急措施a long-term step 长久计划FRIENDSHIPdetect察觉到reticent不爱多说话的bring a person out of his/her shell让某人逐渐放得开well-intentioned 本意是好的（事情做砸了）self-deception自我欺骗deceitful爱骗人的assertive/self-assured自信的witty机灵的articulate表达能力强的hilarious极度搞笑的egotistical过于自我的indifferent (to) 默然的vanity虚荣的vain喜欢虚荣的laid-back舒适的，懒散的congenial很友善的chum密友bouquet花束prominent杰出的tough顽强的reserved内向的compassionate富有同情心的solitary喜欢独处的sociable喜欢社交的loyalty忠诚company n .陪伴handy (人)动手能力强的，(物)轻便的organized有条理的gifted/talented有天赋的happy-go-lucky/carefree无忧无虑的，乐天派的mutual fund 基金reciprocal交互的，相互的candid/frank直率的animosity/antagonism敌意fair-weather friend 靠不住的朋友reassure sb. 安慰某人eloquent口才好的self-conscious太自我以致失去自信dilemma两难reconcile调解ridiculous荒唐可笑的irritating很烦人的resilient承受能力强的，可复原的low-profile/low-key低调的contagious有感染力的a parochial outlook toward life狭隘的生活态度GENERATION & FAMILYdenigrate贬低family bonds/family ties 亲情family values 家庭观念strengthen/reinforce增强spouse配偶sibling兄弟姐妹sibling rivalry 兄弟间的竞争household chores 家务事personality clash 性格冲突household appliances 家庭用品vacuum cleaner 吸尘器be tied down by 被拖累generation gap 代沟ones immediate family 家人nuclear family 核心家庭extended family 几代同堂家庭neighborhood社区an attachment to/an affinity for依恋n.family heirloom 传家宝family reunion 家庭团聚a sense of belonging 归属感single-parent households 单亲家庭mistreat/abuse虐待domestic violence 家庭暴力sagging skin 松弛的皮肤（趴肉，哈哈）time-honored历史悠久的timeless=eternalwrinkle皱纹distinguish right from wrong 分清是非fade逝去stagger蹒跚veteran老兵，老手dynamic很有活力的up-and-coming=promisingbleak future 黯淡的未来conservative保守的entrenched/ingrained根深蒂固的rueful悔恨的norm n.常规antiquated/outdated过时的deteriorate恶化obsolete过于过时的fossilized僵化的life expectancy 平均寿命unprecedented=groundbreaking 史无前例的impractical/unrealistic不实际的reflection沉思nostalgic怀旧的nostalgia怀旧n.empty-nest syndrome 空巢综合征empty-nester空巢家长midlife crisis 中年危机mature/immature成熟的/不成熟的linger in ones mind 挥之不去retiree退休的老人retirement home 老年公寓retirement plan/pension plan 养老保险seniors老年人seniority年长者people in their 20s/mid 30s/late 40stoddlers走路摇晃的孩子infants婴儿reactionary坚信一切变革都不好的保守的人，反动派aging society=graying society 老龄化社会recall主动回忆reminisce about v. 温情回顾 向致敬TRANSPORTATIONroad rage n.野蛮驾驶aggressive drivers 野蛮驾驶者reckless driving 不负责任的开车DUI/DWI 酒驾traffic congestion 交通堵塞treacherous road conditions 危险的路况public transit=public transportationmagnetically-levitated trains=maglevsky train=light railstreetcar/tram/trolley有轨/无轨电车ferry轮渡fleet车/舰队car-pool拼车n.&vi.density of population 人口密度overpass过街天桥underpass地下过街通道internal combustion engine 内燃机diesel engine 柴油机chaotic混乱的horse-drawn carriage 马拉的观光车occupational hazard 职业风险limousine/limo加长轿车culprit/offender肇事者commuter通勤族traffic volume 交通量modes/means of transportation 交通方式densely-populated人口稠密的be squished up 被挤在里population boom 人口激增pedestrian行人sardine-packed公交车过挤的hazardous危险的health hazard 破坏健康的因素ENVIRONMENT & ANIMALShide兽皮pharmaceutical company 制药公司biomedical research 生物医学研究clinical临床的simulation模拟animal right activists 动物权益保护者vivisection活体解剖anesthetic麻醉n.afford their masters consolation and comfort给主人心理安慰poach偷猎homo sapiens 人类replacements=alternatives 替代物epidemic爆发的传染病captivity囚禁drive off our loneliness 驱散我们的寂寞well-behaved表现很好的habitat栖息地brutal/callous/merciless/inhuman/ruthless残忍的Inhumane 不人道的endangered species 濒危动物effluent/sewage污水grievous/grave严重的non-biodegradable garbage白色污染的垃圾condemn rather than condone sth. 谴责某事arable land/farmland 耕地pollutant污染物dump倾倒recycle循环使用irrigation灌溉contaminate污染(micro-)ecosystem（微）生态系统eco-friendly有益于环保的environmental degradation/deterioration环境恶化ultraviolet rays 紫外线sunscreen防晒霜poisonous/toxic有毒的non-toxic无毒的immune system 免疫系统disposable可抛弃的，一次性的inhale吸入adverse effects 负面影响sandstorm沙尘暴biodegradable可降解的non-biodegradable不可降解的decompose降解ozone layer 臭氧层environmentally-conscious有环保意识的irreversible不可逆的tranquil and serene 安静的，宁静的finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy 替代性资源packaging商品包装exhaust fumes 汽车尾气acid rain 酸雨glacier冰川discharge排放（污染物）sustainable development 可持续发展radiation辐射wreak havoc on sth. 对的破坏deteriorate（自身）恶化aggravate恶化（别的东西）ecological balance/equilibrium 生态平衡environmentalists环保主义者environmentally-friendly对环境无害的deforestation滥砍滥伐boost crop yield 增加农产量renewable resources 可再生资源non-renewable resourcesfossil fuels 矿物燃料deplete消耗（某种资源）harsh actions 严厉的措施biodiversity生物多样性vegetation植被photosynthesis光合作用hydropower水电smoggy烟雾重的respiratory diseases 呼吸系统疾病agony极大的痛苦indignant愤慨的Go/Think green 环保吧！rainforests热带雨林erode侵蚀chain reaction/ ripple effect/ butterfly effect 连锁反应/水波效应/蝴蝶效应reshape our lives 彻底改变我们的生活barren/infertile land 贫瘠的土地fertile land 肥沃的土地chemical fertilizer 化肥MONEYaffluent富有的impoverished/ needy 贫穷的the haves and the have-nots 富人与穷人outfit服装property/possessions财产status symbol 身份的象征patron顾客greed贪欲n.jealousy妒忌irresistible无法抵制的tempting有诱惑力的generosity慷慨charity慈善事业（组织）philanthropy慈善事业lead a wretched existence 生活很悲惨insecurity不安全感，缺乏自信thrifty/frugal节俭的make ends meet 收支平衡a shoestring budget 紧张的预算extravagant/lavish奢侈的stylish时尚的penniless身无分文的costly昂贵的upscale高档次的amass聚敛exquisite精致的，精美的exorbitant price 天价top-end/high-end高端的low-end低端的donate捐赠despise看不起denigrate贬低menial jobs 粗活LEISUREsouvenir纪念品relics文物handicraft手工制品artifact文物，工艺品cherish珍惜abstract painting 抽象画excursion旅行，远足sightseeing观光conducted/guided/package tour 跟团游self-conducted/self-guided tour 自助游exotic异域风情的ecotourism生态旅游scenic spot 景点travel agency 旅行社endurance耐力coordination（身体）协调性fundraising募捐活动exquisite tastes 高雅的品味antique古董，过时的gorgeous超级好看的unsightly=uglyhideous巨丑的connoisseur鉴赏家，行家pretentious爱慕虚荣的keep up with the Joneses 攀比multisensory涉及多种感官的captivating有吸引力的indulge in 放纵于dabble in 对浅尝辄止punch line 笑话最后最搞笑的那句exhilarating=excitingaesthetic审美的garish艳俗的orchestra乐团symphony交响乐horseback riding 骑马archery射箭triathlon铁人三项squash rackets 壁球spinning室内自行车运动lacrosse美式曲棍球dirt biking 越野摩托车运动in moderation 适度workout健身aerobic exercises 血液循环flexibility灵活性special effects 特效circus马戏团light/moderate/vigorous/strenuous exercise低/中/高强度的锻炼representational painting 具象画landscape painting 风景画still life painting 静物画portrai