高中英语独立主格结构优质课PPT精选文档

1,Welcomeeveryone!,独立主格结构,NominativeAbsoluteStructure,2,Itrained.,Istayedathome.,3,怎样将两个句子合并？,要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并成并列句。,Itrainso/andIstayedathome.,并列连词：and,or,but,so,for,when,while,neithernor,eitheror,notbut,notonlybutalso,4,要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。,Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.,要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。,Itraining,Istayedathome.,5,比较三句：,Itrainso/andIstayedathome.,Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.,Itraining,Istayedathome.,6,1.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.(07重庆）,A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished,2.Themeeting_over,wealllefttheroomanddrovehome.（上海）,A.isB.tobeC.beingD.wouldbe,3.There_nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.beingB.tobeC.wasD.been,Exercises,7,SentencesAppreciation,1.Helayatfulllengthuponhisstomach，hisheadrestinguponhisleftforearm他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。2.Thecowardwasbacking，hisfacebeingdeathlypale，towardanotherroom那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。,Helayatfulllengthuponhisstomach.Hisheadresteduponhisleftforearm.,ThecowardwasbackingtowardanotherroomHisfacewasdeathlypale.,8,用作时间状语,Theworkdone,wewenthome.工作完成后，我们就回家了。,用作条件状语,Weatherpermitting,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。,Examples,Aftertheworkhadbeendone,wewenthome.,Ifweatherpermits,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.,9,用作原因状语,Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。,用作伴随状语,Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead.他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。,表示补充说明,Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。,10,功能：独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，多用于书面语，其作用相当于一个状语从句或并列句，常用来表示谓语动词的时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。Attention!独立主格结构1.表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首；2.表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末;,Conclusion独立主格结构的功能,11,1.Themeetingover，welefttheroom2.Hereturnedhome，hisfacepale3.Timepermitting，wellvisittheSummerPalace4.Therebeingnobus,Ihavetowalkhome.,做原因状语,做伴随状语,做条件状语,做原因状语,Exercises,/做时间状语,12,名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系Thegirlstaringathim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidntknowwhattosay.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。,名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。Theproblemssolved(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。,名词/主格代词与不定式之间是将来的或具体的动作。Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。,Structure,13,2.“名词/代词+现在分词”结构,该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等。,(1)作状语：Everyonehavingsatdown,theteacherbeganhisclass.(相当于时间状语从句:Wheneveryonehadsatdown),(2)作状语：Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.(相当于原因状语从句:Becausetheboyledtheway),时间,原因,14,(3)作状语：Myhealthallowing,Iwillworkfarintothenight.（相当于条件状语从句：Ifmyhealthallows）,(4)作状语：Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.Thestudentsarewalkingintheschoolhappily,eachwearingacardinfrontofhischest.,条件,方式或伴随,15,3.“名词/代词+过去分词”结构,该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴随状语、条件状语等。,(1)作状语：Thetestfinished,wellhaveoursummervocation.,(2)作状语：Thousandsofeyesfixeduponhim,Nickfeltonedge.,时间,原因,16,(3)作状语：Whenintrouble,Samwouldsitalone,headbend.,(4)作状语：Moretimegiven,wecanfinishthework.,方式或伴随,条件,17,名词/主格代词+形容词,Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。,名词/主格代词+副词,Themeetingover,theyallwenthome.会议一结束，他们就都回家了,名词/主格代词+介词短语,Theboywenttotheclassroom,bookinhand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室。,在这个结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。但注意比较：Hestoodunderatree,handinpocket.Hestoodunderatree,withahandinhispocket.,withabookinhishand,18,名词/主格代词+名词,Ireceivedmanygifts,manyofthembooks.我收到很多礼物，其中很多是书。,Therebeing+名词（代词）,Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。,Itbeing+名词（代词）,ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。,19,Therebeing+名词（代词）Itbeing+名词（代词）,（一）构成-独立主格（名词或代词）后接doing,done,todo，形容词，副词，介词短语或名词构成。即：,独立主格结构的构成,名词/主格代词+现在分词名词/主格代词+过去分词名词/主格代词+不定式名词/主格代词+形容词名词/主格代词+副词名词/主格代词+介词短语名词/主格代词+名词,20,1.独立主格结构是一种结构，不是一个句子，不需要用谓语动词。2.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思，它独立存在。3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。4.在句中只作状语，并可对主句进行补充说明。5.名词或代词与后面的分词构成一定的关系：如与现在分词（doing)构成主谓关系或与过去分词(done)构成动宾关系等。,独立主格结构的特点,21,考试结束了，我们开始放假。Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholidayThetestfinished,webeganourholiday.在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。Becausetheguideledtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.Theguideleadingtheway,Wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest,Exercises,22,1.(由向导带路),wesetoffonfootintothedarknight.2.(有那么多书要读),Icantkilltimebyplayingcards3.AtthegatestoodaPLAman,（手里握着枪）4.（做完家庭作业），hewenttobed5.（由于是星期天），wedecidedtogohome.,Thehomeworkdone/finished（Withhishomeworkdone/finished）,Exercises,ItbeingSunday,Theguideleadingtheway(Withtheguideleadingtheway),Withsomanybookstoread,guninhand（withaguninhishand）,23,with复合结构与独立主格结构,它们都可以在句中作原因状语、条件状语、时间状语、伴随状况等使用，一般也可以相互转换：,with复合结构的构成是：with+名词/代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语等独立主格结构的构成是：名词/主格代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语等,with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.,Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.,=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.,24,1.作时间状语,Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.,=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.,2.作原因状语,Withtheweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.,=Theweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.,Examples,25,三、作条件状语,Withtimepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.,=Timepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.,四、作伴随状语,Themotherwascleaningthehousewithherbabyplayingonthebed.,=Themotherwascleaningthehouse,herbabyplayingonthebed.,Examples,26,无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：,Hesatatthedeskwithapenwasinhisrighthand.,Attention!,27,独立主格结构中的being和havingbeen常可以省略。,Allthewindows(being)open,theairintheroomisfresher.所有的窗户都开着，屋子里的空气更加新鲜了。,Allthetickets(havingbeen)soldout,wehadtowaitforthenextweeksshow.所有的票都卖出去了，我们只好等下周的演出。,Attention!,28,Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。,Attention!,Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.Tom总是迟到，他的老板很失望。,29,独立主格结构的主语没有所有格形式。,Thechiefdeitorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。,独立主格结构中，当表人体部位的词作逻辑主语时，不及物动词用现在分词，及物动词用过去分词。,Helaythere,histeethset,hisfistsclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.他躺在那里，牙关紧闭，双拳紧握，两眼直视上方。,s,30,英语中还有一些相对独立成分的短语。,有些分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑主语，作为习惯用语。常见的有：,generally/frankly/strictly/honestlyspeaking一般/坦率/严格/老实说talkingof/speakingof谈到/说到judgingfrom由.来判断allowingfor/consideringthat考虑到,31,有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句中作独立成分，常见的有：,tobehonest/frank老实说tobesure确实totellyouthetruth说实话tocutalongstoryshort长话短说tomakematter/thingsworse更糟糕的是,32,独立主格结构是由名词或代词后接doing,done,todo,形容词、副词，介词短语或名词构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，在句中常做状语。独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。独立主格结构与主句不发生句法上的联系。切记：独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。,独立主格结构,TheAbsoluteStructure,33,独立主格结构,34,独立主格结构练习,35,1._nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas2._nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.AstherebeingB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas3._Sunday,thelibrarydoesntopen.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen4._Sunday,thelibrarydoesntopen.A.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.Asitis5._,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalC.ThesignalbeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving,36,6._,thetrainstarted.A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.AfterthesignalgivenC.GivingthesignalD.Afterthesignalwasgiven7._,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.ExplainingnewwordsB.NewwordsexplainedC.BeingexplainednewwordsD.Havingexplainednewwords8._,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.WhennewwordswereexplainedB.ExplainingnewwordsC.NewwordsexplainingD.Beingexplainednewword,37,9._,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsbetterC.ConditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions10._,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.IfbetterconditionsB.IfconditionsbetterC.IfconditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions11._,wedliketogoouting.A.BeingSundayB.SundayOKC.SundayisOKD.IfSundayOK12._,wedliketogoouting.A.IfSundayisOKB.SundaybeingOKC.SundayOKD.A,BandC,38,13._,youcanwaitawhile.A.Thepl