高中英语分词复习归纳PPT精选文档

1,分词归纳复习,现在分词和过去分词的基本用法,2,一、分词的基本概念和形式,分词有现在分词和过去分词两部分现在分词表示主动意义和动作在进行，现在分词的一般式指分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生。现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。过去分词表示被动意义和动作已完成（不及物动词的过去分词之表示动作已完成）。肯定式：一般式:doing完成式:havingdone否定式：一般式:notdoing完成式:nothavingdone现在分词完成时的被动式：havingbeendone,nothavingbeendoneBeingpoor,hecouldntgotoschool.Havingworkedinthecountryforyears,heknowhowtogrowvegetable.Heated,thiskindofwoodgiveoffmuchsmoke.,3,分词的用法：,一、定语：分词作定语与所修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示被修饰的名词的动作或行为。现在分词与所修饰的中心词为主动关系、且表示动作正在进行；及物动词的过去分词与所修饰的中心词为被动关系（动宾关系）、且动作已完成。不及物动词的过去分词与所修饰的中心词为主动关系，表示已完成的动作。单个的分词一般要前置，分次短语则要后置。分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句，现在分词短语可改为一个主动的定于从句，其时态可以是一般时态，也可以是进行时态；而过去分次短语作定语则改为一个被动的定语从句。,4,Forexamples,burninghousefallingleavesbrokencupfallenleavesaboystandingovertherealetterpostedyesterdayThepupilsplayinginpark(whoareplayinginthepark)aremyclassmates.Thebuildingstandingoverthere(whichstandsoverthere)isournewteachingbuilding.ThemachinemadeinChina(whichismadeinChina)workswell.HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields(whichwerewastedinthewoodsandfields),5,Excises,Mostoftheartists_tothepartywerefromSouthAmerica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvitedThecomputercenter,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.openedA.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenThebell_theendoftheperiodrang,_outheateddiscussion.A.Indicating/interruptingB.indicated/interruptingC.Indicating/interruptedD.indicated/interruptedTherewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenlyburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.havingfollowedThisisan_speech.Allstudentswere_.A.inspiring/inspiredB.inspiring/inspiringC.inspired/inspiredD.inspired/inspiring,6,二、表语,份作表语有以下三种基本句式：、主语（人）系动词（使人如何、有被动含义）。、主语（物）系动词Ving（令人如何、主动含义）。、主语（物）系动词（表示已存在的状态或性质）。除动词be外，还有动词get,become,feel,seem,look等可以接分词作表语。Thewomanwasdeeplymoved.Shefeelsabitdiscouragedattheresult.Thenewsisveryexciting.Theschoolgateisshutnow.,7,三、宾语补足语,分词作宾语补和不定式宾足一样，与宾语有逻辑主谓过关系。现在分词与宾语是主动关系，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生（即动作在进行）。不定式与宾语也是主动关系，表示动作发生的过程。过去分词与宾语是被动关系，且表示动作已完成。主要有以下三个句型：S+谓语+O+todosth(表示动作过程）。S+谓语+O+doingsth（表示动作在进行）。S+谓语+O+done（表示动作已完成）。,8,Forexamples,Iheardagirlcryingnextdoor.Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Hekeptmewaitingforalongtime.IsawTomentertheroom.Heleftmetodoallthework.Ifoundmykeylost.Ifoundtheboybeatenblackandblue.Hemadehimselfunderstood.Johnwillgethisroompainted.,9,另外应注意下几个句型,havesb/sthdoing(使/让/叫某人/物持续做某事）。getsb/sthdoing(使/让/叫某人/物持续做某事)havesb/sthdo(使/叫/让某人/物做某事）。getsb/sthtodo(使/叫/让某人/物做某事)havesthdone(某事被做了或使某人遭受.)getsthdone(某事被做了或使某人遭受)Theyhadthemachineworkingdayandnight.Hegotthesoldiersmovingahead.Motherhadmegotoshop.Icantgethimtostopsmoking.Illhave(get)mybikerepairedtomorrow.Tomhadhislegsbrokenwhileplayingfootball.,10,四、状语,分词作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随等状语。分词作状语与句子的主语有逻辑主谓关系，现在分词与句子主语为主动关系（主谓关系）;过去分词与句子的主语为被动关系（动宾关系）。若分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式。分词作状语相当于状语从句，可以和when.while.if.though等连用。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则，用独立结构。,11,Forexampls,Hearingthenews,hewasexcited.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Havingbeenbittenbyasank,shewasfrightenedatit.Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.Teachercameintothelabfollowedbysomestudents.Beingblindman,howcouldtheysee?Seeingfromthetopofthehighbuilding,youcanseethewholecityofBeijing.Seenfromthetopofthehighbuilding,Beijinglooksverybeautiful.,12,下列分词作状语时不受主语的限制,1.generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,judgingfrom,considering,providing,supposing,takingeverything