2020届高考英语词汇综合练系列01（冲刺段）（含解析）

2020届高考英语词汇综合练系列01（冲刺段）一、单项填空1-7代词、连词和名词1.(原创)China began relaxing the original family planning policy in January 2020, allowing a couple to have a second baby on condition that _ is an only child.A. another B. both C. all D. either【答案】D2.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02福建卷)We need some more facts and figures _ we take the final decision.A. sinceB. afterC. beforeD. until【答案】C【解析】句意: 我们需要更多的事实和数据才能做出最后的决定。before引导时间状语从句, 意思是“在之前”“之后才”。3.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01江苏卷)On top of a gardener, Mrs. Johnson has also taken up an _ as a wine-maker.A. inspiration B. ambition C. affair D. occupation【答案】D【解析】句意：除了做园艺工人外，约翰逊还从事酿酒师这个职业。inspiration启示；ambition 雄心； affair事务；occupation职业，工作，占有，占领。故选D。4.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02江苏卷)Nowadays, peoples lifestyle has become remarkably fast-paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the _ of smart and time-saving methods is of great significance.A. abolition B. abortion C. adoption D. avoidance【答案】C【解祈】句意：现在，人们的生活方式明显地变成了快节奏。因此，为了跟上这样的生活节奏，采用智能和省时的方法具有重要意义。adoption采用，使用，符合句意；abolition 废除，废止，取消；abortion堕胎，(计划等)中止；avoidance 回避，取消，废止。故选C。5.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03江苏卷)Whats your _ towards working on the weekends?I am strongly against it.A. impression B. attitude C. courage D. opinion【答案】B【解析】impression印象；attitude态度；courage勇气；opinion观点。名词attitude常与介词towards或to连用。句意：对周末工作你是什么态度？我强烈反对。故B正确。6.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 04江苏卷)The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents _.A. command B. conviction C. consent D. compromise【答案】C【解析】consent 同意, 赞成, 答应。conviction 深信, 确信。compromise 妥协, 折中。command 命令, 指令; 掌握, 运用能力。句意：那个男孩偷偷溜出了房间，在未经父母允许的情况下，就一头前往游泳池了。7. (2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03浙江卷)The new system in our school allows students to have easy and quick _ to the digital resources of the library.A. passageB. access C. way D. approach【答案】B【解析】句意：我们学校的新系统能够让学生们方便、快捷地使用图书馆的数字资源。passage通道，段，章，通过；access进入，(使用的)机会/权利；way方法，道路；D方法，途径。way与不定式连用，构成the/one way to do sth.做某事的方法；approach与介词to连用，to后跟名词或动名词，意为“做某事的方法”；have access to sth.有使用/接近的机会，easy and quick在此修饰名词access，故选B。8-12介词和介词短语8.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01江苏卷)The accident that happened at an oilfield _ the southeast coast of the USA has caused great damage to the environment.A. away B. from C. off D. beyond【答案】C9.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02江苏卷)Andy sold us the house at a low price and threw in some of the furniture _.A. for a change B. for my part C. for good measure D. for a song【答案】C【解祈】句意：安迪廉价把房子卖给了我们，额外赠送了一些家具。for good measure 附加的，额外的，符合句意；for a change 为了改变一下, 为了换个口味；for my part就我而言；for a song 廉价。10.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01浙江卷) _ what I had previously thought, my new biology teacher turned out to be a rather interesting person.A. In spite of B. As a result of C. Contrary to D. In addition to【答案】C【解析】句意：和我以前的想法相反，我的生物老师结果是一个相当有趣的人。in spite of虽然，as a result of因此；contrary to和相反；in addition to此外。所以选C。11.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01浙江卷)Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy _ the past couple weeks.A. beyond B. over C. with D. among【答案】B【解析】句意：对不起，我没给你打电话。过去的几个星期里我一直都很忙。这里使用介词over和一段时间搭配，表示“在期间”，A. beyond越过，超过， C. with和一起，D. among在之间，所以选B。12.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02浙江卷)As an official, one should serve the people at any cost _ sitting back to protect the chair.A. in term of B. instead of C. in need ofD. in favor of【答案】B13-20副词和形容词13.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01江苏卷)In yesterdays business training course the consultant instructed us that a good salesman must be _ if he wants to succeed.A. aggressive B. conventional C. visual D. fragrant【答案】A【解析】句意：在昨天的业务培训课上，顾问教导我们，一个好的销售人员如果要想成功必须要有进取心。aggressive侵略的, 好斗的，有进取心的；conventional传统的；visual视觉的；fragrant有香味的。故选A。14.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01江苏卷)The Bitcoin is a form of electronic money which has been created _ for use on the Internet.A. perfectly B specifically C. extremely D. especially【答案】B【解析】句意：比特币是一种为专门适用因特网而诞生的电子货币。perfectly完美地；specifically特别地，专门地；extremely极端地，非常；especially尤其，特别。根据题意选B。15.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02江苏卷)To tell the truth, his behavior displeased me more than_.A. somehowB. somewhereC. somewhatD. sometimes【答案】C【解祈】more than somewhat意为“非常”。句意：说实话，他的行为让我非常地不快。16.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02江苏卷)In my teaching years, I discover that nowadays teenagers always have many _ approaches to many problems completely beyond our expectations.A. novel B. adequate C. sensitive D. normal【答案】A【解祈】句意：在多年的教书生涯中，我发现如今的青少年对于很多问题总是有很多新颖的解决方法，完全出乎我们的意料。novel 新奇的，新颖的；adequate 足够的，充分的；sensitive 敏感的，易受伤的；normal 正常的，常规的。17.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03江苏卷)The industry is _ to the national economy. It is expected to account for 38.4% of our countrys GDP by 2020.A. valuable B. vagueC. vitalD. valid【答案】A【解析】valuable有价值的；vague模糊的；vital至关重要的；valid有效的。短语be vital to为所不可缺少的。句意：工业是国民经济中所不可缺少的。预计到2020年工业产值占我国GDP的38.4%。故A正确。18.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 04江苏卷)How do you like the film we saw last night?Its completely a bomb! The plot is too simple, and the acting of the heroine is too _.A. vivid B. artificial C. awesome D. glamorous【答案】B19.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 04江苏卷)You must not be governed by the opinions of others; _, you should stick to your own view.A. besidesB. otherwiseC. instead D. therefore【答案】C【解祈】besides此外；otherwise否则；instead相反；therefore因此。句意：你决不要受别人意见的支配；相反，你应该坚持自己的观点。20.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01浙江卷)The more _ we take the safety standards, the further we can speed up the development of the school bus industry.A. constantlyB. seriously C. generallyD. immediately【答案】B【解析】constantly持续不断地；seriously严重地；generally一般来说；immediately立刻。句意：我们越重视安全标准，我们就能加速校车产业的快速发展。take sth. seriously重视某事，故选B项。21-30动词和动词短语21.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02江苏卷)Lets _ Football World tonight, Frank. Okay? Just this once! Let me guess. You want to watch the History Channel, dont you?A. employ B. skipC. modify D. review【答案】B【解祈】句意：弗兰克，我们今晚不看足球世界。好不好？仅此一次! 让我猜猜看。你想要看历史频道，不是吗？skip跳过，略过，符合语境；employ 雇佣，使用；modify改造，修正，缓和，调整；review 复查，重新考虑，思考。故选B项。22.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02江苏卷)According to the data, China supplies more than 90 percent of the worlds rare earth metals, but its reserves only _ about one third of the worlds total.A. take up B. build up C. make up D. polish up【答案】C【解祈】句意：根据资料可知，中国提供了占世界90%多的稀土金属，可是其储备量只占世界总量的大约三分之一。make up 组成，符合句意；take up 占用(时间、空间等)，担任，采取，从事；build up 建立，树立，增强；polish up 擦亮，改善，润色。故选C项。23.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02江苏卷)Now I need some time to _ my thoughts thoroughly, because I want to give them a perfect report. After all, it is the first time that I have visited this school and given a lecture to the students.A. make out B. bring out C. leave out D. sort out【答案】D【解祈】句意：现在我需要一些时间来彻底整理一下我的想法，因为我要给他们作一个完美的报告。毕竟，这是我第一次来这个学校给学生作报告。make out 辨认出；bring out 拿出，揭示出，使显现出来；leave out 省略，遗漏；sort out 整理，分类。故选D项。24.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03江苏卷)No transportation will be arranged, but participants can _ the map on the reverse showing the route to the race venue.A. look through B. refer to C. take up D. put away【答案】A25.(改编)Those who _ globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses。A. doubt B. advocate C. define D. allocate【答案】B【解析】doubt怀疑；advocate提倡，鼓吹，主张，其后接动名词作宾语；define下定义；allocate分配。句意：提倡经济全球化的人们宣称经济全球化会让发展中国家的小型和以家庭为主的企业在全球化所带来的新机遇中获益。故B正确。26.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 04江苏卷)_ what you have, for what you have now is what you once prayed for.A. Abandon B. AcknowledgeC. AccumulateD. Appreciate【答案】D【解祈】句意：重视你现在所拥有的一切，因为你现在所拥有的正是你曾经梦寐以求的东西。abandon抛弃，遗弃，舍弃；acknowledge承认，为表示感谢；accumulate积累，聚积(某物)，增加；appreciate欣赏，重视，感激。由句意可知，正确答案应为D项。27.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03浙江卷)Our daughter doesnt know what to _ at the university; she cant make up her mind about her future.A. take in B. take over C. take up D. take on【答案】C【解析】句义：我们的女儿不知道在大学里该做什么，对于未来她还没有想好。take in 欺骗；接受；理解；吸收；take over 接任，接管；take up开始从事，占去，接收；take on呈现。根据句意所以C正确。28.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01福建卷)Although they are pretending hard to be young, grey hair and cellulite _ them _.A. give ;up B. give; off C. give; away D. give; back【答案】C 【解析】give up放弃；give off发出(光，烟，气味)；give away赠送，泄漏；give back归还。句意：虽然他们费尽心思地装扮年轻，但是花白的头发和赘肉却将他们的真实年龄暴露无遗。故C正确。29.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01福建卷)The idea of traveling abroad really appeals to a lot of Chinese people. Thats why every year _ more people applying for passports.A. promise B. expect C. witnesses D. instruct【答案】C30.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02福建卷)That virus has the power to _ all the valuable files people have stored in their computers.A. wash awayB. smooth awayC. put outD. wipe out【答案】D【解析】句意：那种病毒能删掉人们储存在电脑中的所有有价值的文件。wipe out擦掉，消除；smooth away克服(困难)；put out熄灭, 扑灭；wash away冲走。根据句意, 电脑病毒能够“擦除”在电脑上储存的所有文件。二、短文填词(改编自河北省石家庄市2020届高三复习教学质量检测二)The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place. Knowing the rules of the game youre playing and using the right1 (equip)can go a long way toward preventing injuries. If you think youve been injured, pull 2 (you) out of the game or stop 3 (do)your activity or workout. Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor. Serious head and neck injuries happen most often in athletes 4 play contact sports like football. Keep the injured person still with his or her head 5 (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency 6 (medicine) help. If the person lies on the ground, do not try to move him or her.Your first question after a sports injury will 7 (probable) be, “When can I play again?” This 8on the injury and what your doctor tells you. Even if you cant return to your sport right away, a doctor might have suggestions and advice 9 what you can do to stay fit. Always check with your doctor一 10 trying any activity following an injury.语篇解读：本文介绍了参加运动受伤时候的处理要点，恢复期要注意些什么。当然，最好的办法就是充分了解你所进行的运动并正确使用运动设备。1.【答案】equipment【解析】考查名词。要正确使用设备，需改为名词。故填equipment。注意：equipment是不可数名词，其后不能加“s”。句意：充分了解你所进行的运动并正确使用设备对防止受伤大有脾益。2.【答案】yourself【解析】考查代词。主语是“you”，在“pull”后又是“you”作其宾语，所以要用反身代词“yourself”。这里指“让自己退出比赛”。3.【答案】doing【解析】考查动词习惯搭配。stop doing sth.停止做某事。故填doing。句意：如果你认为你已经受伤，那么就让自己退出比赛或是停止任何活动。4.【答案】who/that5.【答案】held【解析】考查动词。头部被保持笔直，所以要用held。故填held。6.【答案】medical【解析】考查形容词。这里需要一个形容词做help的定语，故要改为medical。故填medical。句意：当受伤者需要紧急医疗救助时，要让伤者保持不动，并保持头部笔直的状态。7.【答案】probably【解析】考查副词。动词be前要加副词，用于表示强调语气。故填probably。句意：运动受伤后你要问的第一个问题也许是“我还能参加比赛吗？”8.【答案】depends【解析】考查动词短语。depend on取决于，依靠。主语是“this”，故要用第三人称单数形式depends。句意：这取决于受伤的程度和医生的意见。9.【答案】on/about【解析】考查介词。对于在康复前能做些什么，医生会给出适当的建议，have suggestion on/about 关于的建议。故填on/about。10.【答案】before【解析】考查介词。本句字面意思是：受伤后在你尝试要进行任何活动前，总是要去咨询你的医生。句意：在征得医生同意之前，不能参加任何活动。故填：before。三、完形填空(改编自江苏省扬州市2020届高三上学期期末考试)You and I agree to meet at four-thirty. I show up at 4:33. I dont say anything, because thats close enough to satisfy our social _1_. Only after five minutes do you _2_ me to say, “sorry I m late.” At ten minutes I owe you an _3_: “the free way exit was closed. I had to go four miles out of my way.” After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious _4_. After forty minutes Id better not _5_ at all.That sort of thingso formally _6_ and never explicitly stateddrives people from other cultures _7_. Anthropologists(人类学家)list the _8_ things to cope with in a foreign land. Second only to the language barrier is the way we deal with _9_.Now psychologists look at our _10_ of time another way. They go into several countries and measure the _11_ of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city residents walk. They time transactions(交易)in banks and post offices. They see _12_ people take to answer questions.Japanese keep a _13_ of the fastest pace. Americans are a _14_ second. Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of the _15_. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians dont _16_ setting their bank clocks ._17_ American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, but we keep a faster pace here in Houston, Californias “slow -pace” reputation is _18_, as the slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles.In a technology-dense world, the tension of life has changed our view of time. _19_, if we are smart enough, we should not live by the clock only when we have to.Now its 4:55. Im walking _20_, towards our 4:30 meeting.语篇解读：本文属于议论文阅读，谈论了不同国家的人对待时间的不同态度，因而影响了人们的生活节奏。1.A . contract B. connection C. construction D. confidence【答案】A【解析】contract合同，契约，关系；connection联系；construction建设；confidence信心。俩人同意在4:30见面，4:33我到了，我不需要说什么，因为俩人关系密切，这样做符合俩人所处社会的契约。言下之意是说：俩人关系比较好，所以迟到三分钟不会影响俩人之间的关系，用不着说什么。故A正确。2.A. order B. intend C. require D. expect【答案】D3.A. action B. announcement C. explanation D. eruption【答案】C【解析】action行动；announcement宣布；explanation解释；eruption爆发。下文“the free way exit was closed. I had to go four miles out of my way.(高速公路被关闭了，我不得不绕道又走了四英里的路。out of ones way离开预定的路线)”是解释的内容。如果我迟到十分钟，我就应该给你一个解释。故C正确。4.A. apology B. excuse C. option D. opinion【答案】A【解析】名词apology道歉；excuse借口；option选择；opinion观点。如果迟到20分钟，我就应该充分认真地向你道歉。因为迟到的时间太长了，给对方带来了太大的不便。与BCD三项含义无关。5.A. look up B. stay up C. keep up D. show up【答案】D【解析】look up查找；stay up熬夜，屹立不倒；keep up保持；show up出现。如果迟到了40分钟，那么最好就不要出现了(不要赴约了)。迟到的时间已经离谱了，这是对别人的极大不尊重。故D正确。(以上分别就约会迟到三分钟，五分钟，十分钟，二十分钟和四十分钟等五种情况阐述对时间的态度。阐述层层推进)6.A . observed B. introduced C. impressed D. imitated【答案】A【解析】observe观察；庆祝；introduce介绍，引进；impress留下印象；imitate模仿。这样的事情就连正式场合中也可以看到，但是从来都说不清楚。因为不同国家的人对待时间的态度是不一样的。所以经常会看见两个不同国家的人对时间态度的不一样，会出现这样或那样的误解。故A正确。7.A. immoral B. unaware C. crazy D. thrilled【答案】C【解析】形容词immoral不道德的；unaware没有意识的；crazy疯狂的；thrilled兴奋的。正是因为来自不同文化的人对时间的态度不一样，所以使得来自其他文化的人(指美国以外的人)常常会因此而抓狂。故C正确。8.A. fastest B. toughest C. strangest D. funniest【答案】B【解析】形容词fastest最快的；toughest最困难的；strangest最奇怪的；funniest最滑稽的。从本段最后一句(仅次于语言障碍的就是我们对待时间的态度)可知语言障碍和对待时间的态度是我们在国外最难以处理的两件事情。9.A . study B. time C. budget D. transport【答案】B【解析】根据文章第一段内容可知，不同文化背景的人们之间对待时间的态度不太一样。参看上题的解析。故B正确。10.A. view B. comment C. consequence D. phenomenon【答案】A11.A. rhyme B .pace C. ratio D. session【答案】B【解析】名词rhyme节奏；pace速度，步伐；ratio比率，系数；session会议，学期；短语the pace of life生活节奏。心理学家们去了好几个国家了解他们不同的生活节奏。与ACD三项