2020年高考英语 名词性从句学案（无答案）

名词性从句名词性从句概况名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的时态和语序名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中其它需要注意的问题A组中，a b c d 划线部分都为 词，在句子中分别作 、 、 、 。（成分）B组中，划线部分都为 ，在句子中分别作 、 、 、 。（成分）名词性从句高考热点透析名词性从句专项练习一名词性从句概况（概念、分类、识别） 1.概念A组 His job is important.This is his job. I dont like his job. I dont know about the man, Mr. White.B组 What he does is important This is what he does every day.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.结论：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词或名词性词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。2.分类：根据不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 3.识别: （1）找出主句的谓语动词（2）主句谓语动词之前的是主语从句；主句谓语动词（及物动词）、动词短语或介词之后的是宾语从句；表语从句位于系动词之后；同位语从句位于某一名词（news ,fact, idea, desire, suggestion, promise, information, situation）之后，作该名词的同位语。Practise: 判断下列句子属于名词性从句的哪种类型1. What the baby could speak made his parents very happy. ( )2. I wonder whether you will go shopping or stay at home. ( ) 3. This is why he was often late for school.( ) 4. We all know the truth that the earth turns around the sun.( ) 二、名词性从句的引导词引导名词性从句的连接词大致可分为三类： 连接词：that，whether，if（不充当句子的任何成分） 连接代词：what，whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.(充当成分) 连接副词：when, where, why, who.（充当成分）(一)连接词that，whether，ifA: that 1. 判断下列从句类型That he is still alive is sheer luck. ( ) John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. ( ) The fact is that he has not been seen recently. ( ) The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. ( ) 总结：以上划线部分的共同点：都是完整的句子，都由that引导，that在其中无意义，也不作成分。that可以引导四类名词性从句。2. 判断下列句子正误。He is still alive is sheer luck. ( ) John said he was leaving for London on Wednesday. ( ) The fact is he has not been seen recently. ( ) The fact he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. ( ) 总结：通常情况下，that在宾语从句中可以省略，但在其它三类名词性从句中that不可省。3 分析下列句子。（1）I dont know exactly where he lives, except that its somewhere out in the wilds.（2）He told me he had to leave and that he would be back soon. （3）We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. （4）That price will go up I know.分析：以上句子的共同点是：都是由that引导的宾语从句；that都不可省。总结：that引导宾语从句时不可省的情况有：(1)当that从句作介宾时；(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省；(3)宾语从句前有插入语时；(4)that引导的从句位于句首时。B：whether /if1. 判断下列从句的类型（1）Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. （ ）（2）I dont know whether/if hell arrive in time. （ ）（3）The question is whether the film is worth seeing. （ ）（4）There is some doubt whether he will come. （ ）总结：划线部分都是完整的句子，其中whether 或if都有“是否”之意；whether可以引导四类名词性从句；在宾语从句中，whether可用if代替。 2. 判断句子正误并改正 (1) If we can have clean dringking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.( ) (2) It remains to be seen if/whether this idea can be put into practice.( )(3) I dont know if or not the report is true.( )(4) I dont know if the report is true or not. ( )(5) It depends on whether/if we have enough time.( )(6)They dont know if to go there.( )(7)The doctor really doubts whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.( )(8)Never once did I doubt that I would be able to carry out my plan.( )(9) The question is if the film is worth seeing.( )(10) Answer my question whether you are coming。（ ）总结：名词性从句用whether和if均可引导的情况：(a)宾语从句一般情况；（b）主语从句不在句首时； (c)与or not不直接连用时。 名词性从句中只能用whether引导的情况：（a）主语从句在句首；(b)作介词宾语时；（c）doubt后的宾语从句为肯定句时（否定句时用that）(d)；与or not直接连用时；(e)与to do连用时(whether to do)（二）连接代词who, whoever, what, whatever; which, whichever, whom, whose判断从句类型，并指出划线部分在从句中所作的成分。Do you know who has won Red Alert game?（ ）（ ）I dont know whom you should depend on. （ ）（ ）The book will show you what the best CEOs know.（ ）（ ）The problem, whose car it is is not clear. （ ）（ ）The problem is which well visit.（ ）（ ）I wonder what the matter is.（ ）（ ）Whatever you do has noting to do with me.（ ）（ ） 总结：连接代词who, whom, what, whose, which等可用于各类名词性从句中，有实际意义，在从句中担任一定的成分，根据不同的意义和需要，可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。（三）连接副词when,where,why,how.判断从句类型及划线部分的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.（ ）（ ）It is a question how he did it. （ ）（ ）None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.（ ）（ ）Thats where you are wrong.（ ）（ ）Why he answered in that fashion remains a secret.（ ）（ ） 总结：连接副词when, where, why, how可用于各类名词性从句中，有意义，充当成分。根据不同的意义和需要在从句中作状语。三、名词性从句的时态和语序（一）、宾语从句中时态的呼应A组：（1）Iknow(that)he (study)Englishnextyear. (2) Iknow(that)he (study)Englishfor three years. (3) Iknow(that)he (study)Englishfor three years by the time he was ten. B组 （1）She will tell you whether she (study) English these years（2）She will tell how many years she (study) English before she came here.C组：（1）TheteachertoldusthatTom (leave)usforAmerica next week.（2）TheteachertoldusthatTom (leave)usforAmerica before we arrived. (3) People would always think that the rich (be)happy. （4）Theteachertoldusthat the earth (turn) around the sun. 总结：在宾语从句中，若主句动词是现在时或将来时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态；当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，（如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等）；当从句表示的是客观真理时，则从句仍用现在时态。（二） 名词性从句的语序判断正误：1.他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )2.你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )3. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。We gave him what (little) help we could. ( )We gave him what (little) help could we. ( )总结：关系代词和关系副词具有特殊疑问词的意义，但它们引导的名词性从句一律使用陈述句语序。四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气（一）宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1. The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must haveB. hadC. haveD. had had总结：在suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及)等表示建议、命令、要求或请求等意义的动词后的宾语从句，谓语动词需用 “(should)+do”型的虚拟语气。 （二）主语从句中的虚拟语气1. Is it required that the students _ the examination? A. takes B. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3. It is no wander that he by the math teacher. A. punish B.be punished C. should punish D. was punished 总结：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、命令、要求、不相信、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)thatItisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that（三）、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 1.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.2.My proposal is that we (should) hold a meeting next week.3.His suggestion is that you should try once more.4.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. 总结：在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。五、名词性从句中需要注意的其它问题（一）主语从句需要注意的问题1.主语从句中主句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，但what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句子的意思来判断。(1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密(2)What they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。2. 主语从句一般用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将主语从句放到句末。如：(1)It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.(2)It is no surprise that our team has won the game.(3)It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.(4)It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.(5)It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about although about two thousand patients have taken it.（注：that引导的主语从句，也或者是连接代词、连接副词及whether/if引导的主语从句。）常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+that从句（2）It+be+形容词+that从句（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句（4）It+不及物动词+that从句（二）宾语从句需要注意的问题 1.it作形式宾语。 （1）当一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：feel，find，think，consider，believe，guess，suppose，make等。 如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.（2）主句谓语动词为hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”等感情色彩的词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等，常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 2.否定转移当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，若主语为第一人称，其否定通常转移到主语；若谓语为hope，或主语为第二、三人称，则不需要转移。如：I dont suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。I hope that isnt true.He thinks that is not true.（三）、表语从句需要注意的问题表语从句除了由通用的引导词引导外，还可由其它特殊的引导词。1. as if/as though引导as if/as though 引导的宾语从句常跟在be动词，seem，look，taste，sound，feel， appear等动词后。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.It isnt as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了2. because, why 引导because ,why引导的表语从句常用于以下句型：“This /That is why.这/那是的原因。”“This /That is because.这/那是因为”前者强调结果，后者强调原因。但because引导的表语从句，主句主语不能是reason或cause（该结构常用that引导）。如：That is why he was late for the meeting yesterday.That is because he missed the early bus by two minutes.The reason why he was late for the meeting yesterday is that he missed the early bus by two minutes.（四）、同位语从句需要注意的问题同位语从句与定语从句的区别：（1）同位语从句是对从句前面名词进行说明或解释；而定语从句是对前面名词的修饰限定。（2）同位语从句前面的名词大都是news，fact，idea，thought，hope，order等抽象名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词，代词，主句的一部分或全部。（3）同位语从句的引导词that不充当句子成分，没意义，也不省略；定语从句中that代替先行词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；作宾语时可省略。如：The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.( ) The news (that)we heard on the radio was not true.( )六、名词性从句高考热点 1.考查名词性从句的语序问题例1.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis例2.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadput B.wheredidAliceputC.whereAlicehasput D.wherehasAliceput 例3.Heasked_fortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuch B.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpay D.howmuchIpaid2.考查引导词that与what的区别例1._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what例2._youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.How例3._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式例1._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.That D.It例2.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.ifC.thatD.for例3.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them例4.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it4.考查whether与if的区别例1._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where例2._the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别例1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever例2._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题例1：Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用。8.that与which的区别9.that与whether的区别10.what与which的区别七、名词性从句专项练习1._thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays2._causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where3.ItworriedMaryalot_shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how4.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisntlike_itusedtobe.A.whatB.howC.thatD.which5._isnopossibility_Bobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whether6.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheheadmaster_hehaddonethedaybefore.A.thatB.howC.whatD.where7.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_uptobeduringthepastfewyears.A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrowC.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown8.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_.A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong9._surprisedmemostwa