Unit-9-How-to-Grow-Old-练习答案

Unit 9 How to Grow OldConsolidation ActivitiesI. Text Comprehension1. Decide which of the following best states the authors purposeA. To explore the reasons why people usually fear death in old age.B. To supply some medical information about health and genetic influence on ones longevity.C. To offer suggestions on how to keep open-minded and make some psychological adjustments in the process of growing old.Key C 2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1). With a few exceptions, most of the authors ancestors lived to a great age. T 2). The author is very particular about his diet and careful in his lifestyle. F 3). If you left your grown-up children alone, they would become very callous because of your indifference. F 4). It is obvious that those who do not have strong impersonal interests will unduly concern themselves with their children and grandchildren to fill the void in their lives. T 5). With the decay of vitality and increase of weariness, the fear of death in the old people is inevitable and justifiable. F II. Writing StrategiesIn the last paragraph the author compares ones life to a river with its different phases. Now try to describe how this metaphor works for the theme of the essay. The metaphor is used to illustrate particular characteristics of an individual human existence in three different phases: 1) When people are young, they are more vigorous and energetic (“rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls”), but less experienced (“small,” “contained within its banks”). 2) When they reach their middle age, they have got more experience and wisdom (“Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede .”) and their pace of life becomes more gentle but steady (“. the waters flow more quietly .”). 3) As their sense of fulfillment increases in old age, their sense of individuality decreases, and their lives become increasingly blended with the universal life (“become merged in the sea,” “lose their individual being”).III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.1). Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors with reference to/relating to2). Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. ancestors who lived a long time ago; specifically3). She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad. tell4). I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence! bid farewell to/were separated from; a miserable life 5). I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. for the reason that; healthful6). Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. we should prevent from happening/we should watch out for 7). . you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. heartless/indifferent8). In the young there is a justification for this feeling. good reason9). And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. tiredness10). The best way to overcome it . is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.what distinguishes your own self from others gradually disappears or becomes less and less distinct; becomes increasingly one with/becomes increasingly blended with2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1). Many people oppose the death penalty because of the possibility of miscarriages (miscarry) of justice.2). There is something wrong with anyone who is so habitually (habit) rude.3). Theres no need to be unduly (undue) pessimistic about the situation.4). Some poisonous gases can enter the body by absorption (absorb) through the skin.5). He takes plenty of vigorous (vigor) exercise.6). According to the instructions, these vitamin pills will restore lost vitality (vital).7). She was staring out over the lake, lost in contemplation (contemplative).8). I couldnt have managed at college if I hadnt had an allowance (allow) from my parents.9). He was justifiably (justify) proud of his achievements.10. We were unable to sleep because of the oppressive (oppress) heat.3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.merge | cut off | respect | suck into | cheat | infancyguard against | concern | sphere | as regards1). This proposal differs from the last one in many important respects.2). They decided to merge the two companies into one.3). There is no problem as regards the financial arrangements4). Regular exercise helps guard against heart disease.5). If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off.6). Theres no need for you to concern yourself with what happened.7). The system is still in its infancy.8). I really dont want any part in this whole argument, but I can feel myself being sucked into it.9). The minister said that the government planned to develop exchanges with other countries, particularly in cultural, scientific and economic spheres.10). She claimed that her cousin had cheated her of her inheritance.4. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1). We owe it to our descendants to leave them a clean world to live in. future generations/children and grandchildren2). I think next time we need any decorating well get it done professionally. by skilled people3). Her absorption in her work is so great that she thinks about nothing else. engrossment in, or preoccupation with her work4). Continued rapid growth in consumer spending will suck in more imports. draw in/encourage 5). Im not very good where money is concerned. when dealing with money6). Taxpayers should claim as many allowable expenses as possible against their taxed income. expenses on which no taxes are paid7). Her actions were quite justifiable in the circumstances. There was a good reason for her actions8). He wont be contented until hes upset everyone in the office. satisfied9). On his wall he has a poster of Marilyn Monroe, her lips forever parted in anticipation. separated/open10). I suspect he cheats the taxman. avoids paying taxes by using illegal methods5. Correct the errors in the following passage. The passage contains ten errors, one in each indicated line. In each case, only one word is involved.Corrections should be done as follows:Wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct word in the blank.Extra word: delete the extra word with an “.”Missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a “” and write the missing word in the blank.Old AgePeople are living far longer these days thanthe past. This is creating a number of problems for which we need to seek special solutions. Firstly, we need to assure that the elderly have decent incomes, probably derive from provident funds. Secondly, we must make sure the health system is sufficient to give adequate care. Thirdly, ways must be found to keep the old from feeling neglected or lonely. We may be able to solve the second problem by keeping people healthier in the first place. Partly this may be achieved by encouraging healthier life-styles, and there is also hope from research of aging. Speed of aging and longevity varies from species to species, male to female and family to family. They are largely genetically determined. Scientists believe they have identified about 200 genes play a fundamental role in the aging process.It should, in the theory, be possible now to produce drugs able to delay the process and hold back the affects of aging. It would not add to our lifespan. That seems fixed at a maximum of 120 years. It would, moreover, make us fitter to far greater ages. The third problem is being tackled in Singapore by making it a legal duty for children to take good care of their parents. In Italy, there is also a system of adopting honorable grandparents, old people who dislike the thought of going into an old peoples home. A family agrees to look after an old person until death in return for a generous bequest in the old persons will. The idea, unfortunately, does seem very open to abuse. It isnt often a good idea to be in the care of people who will benefit from ones death.(1) in(2) ensure(3) derived(4) into(5) vary(6) that/which(7) the(8) effects(9) however(10) honorary6. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.Growing OldHappy birthday! Do birthdays really make people happy? Of course they do. Birthdays celebrate the day we were (1) born. Moreover, that extra candle on the cake represents another year of growth and maturity or so we hope. We all like to imagine that were getting wiser and not just (2) older. Most of us enjoy observing the miracle of growth in others, as well. For instance, seeing our children develop and learn new things makes us feel proud. For Americans, like people in most cultures, growing up is a wonderful process. But growing old? Thats a different (3) story.Growing old is not exactly pleasant for people in youth-oriented American culture. Most Americans like to look young, act young and feel young. As the old saying goes, “Youre as young as you (4) feel. Older people joke about how many years young they are, rather than how many years (5) old. People in some countries value the aged as a source of experience and wisdom. But Americans seem to favor those that are (6) young, or at least “young at heart.”Many older Americans find the “golden years” to be anything (7) but golden. Economically, “senior citizens” often struggle just to get (8) by. Retirement typically at age 65 brings a sharp (9) decrease in personal income. Social Security benefits usually cannot make up the (10) difference. Older people may suffer from poor nutrition, medical care and housing. Some even experience (11) age discrimination. In 1987, American sociologist Pat Moore dressed up like an older person and wandered city streets. She was often (12) treated rudely even cheated and robbed. However, (13) dressed as a young person, she received much more respect. Of course, not all elderly Americans have such negative (14) experiences. But old age does present unique challenges.Ironically, the elderly population in America is expanding fast. Why? People are living longer. Fewer babies are being born. And middle-aged “baby boomers” are rapidly (15) entering the ranks of the elderly. America may soon be a place where wrinkles are “in.” Despite the (16) challenges they face, Americans in their “twilight years” generally (17) refuse to give up on life. They find a variety of ways to keep themselves (18) active. To help them stay in (19) shape, they may join mall walkers clubs, fitness programs and even the “Senior Olympics.” They can enjoy hours of entertainment at senior centers and adult amusement (20) parks. Many enroll in continuing education programs to maintain their mental skills. For Americans, if youre going to grow old, you might as well do it gracefully.IV. Translation1. Translating Sentences1). 她与他在一起生活度日艰难。(existence) She had a hard existence with him.2). 至于你刚才提出的问题，我将另外撰文回答。(as regards) As regards the questions you raised just now, I will answer them in another article.3). 这听起来也许很无情，但我才不在乎他是否无家可归呢。(callous) It might sound callous, but I dont care if hes homeless.4). 他对老板的尊敬几乎到了低声下气的地步。(abject) He is almost abject in his respect for his boss.5). 痛苦的记忆渐渐从她脑海里消退。(recede) The painful memories gradually receded in her mind.6). 我们应该避免对他们的挑衅作出过度的反应。(guard against) We should guard against overreactions to their provocation. 7). 你最好关心关心自己的事而不是我的事！(concern oneself with) Youd better concern yourself with your own business and not mine!8). 该影片是一部有益的家庭娱乐剧。(wholesome) The film is good wholesome family entertainment.9). 学校中止了给那位学生提供的助学金，理由是他去年的成绩不够好。(on the ground that) The university has stopped providing financial support to that student on the ground that his performance in the past year was not good enough.10). 为了帮助那些国有小公司渡过经济危机，政府把它们合并成为一家大公司。(merge) The government merged those small state-owned firms into a large company in order to help them survive the economic crisis.2. Translate the following passage into Chinese. My mother, dead now to this world but still roaming free in my mind, wakes me some mornings before daybreak. “If theres one thing I cant stand, its a quitter.” I have heard her say that all my life. Now, lying in bed, coming awake in the dark, I feel the fury of her energy fighting the good-for-nothing idler within me who wants to go back to sleep instead of tackling the brand-new day. Silently I protest: I am not a child anymore. I have made something. of myself. I am entitled to sleep late.“Russell, youve got no more gumption than a bump on a log.” She has hounded me with these battle cries since I was a boy in short pants. “Make something of yourself!” “Dont be a quitter!” “Have a little ambition, Buddy.” 参考译文 我母亲早已不在人世，但她仍时时自由地浮现在我心中，有时早晨天还未亮就把我唤醒。“我最最不能容忍的就是半途而废的人。” 我一生不断听到她说这句话。此时此刻，我躺在床上，在黑暗中慢慢醒来，想重回梦乡而不愿直面崭新的一天，我感觉到了她正怒气冲冲地与我体内那个没出息的懒汉奋力斗争。 我默默地抗议道：我已经不是孩子了。我已经小有成就，我有资格睡懒觉。“罗素，你一点进取心也没有，和二流子简直没什么两样。” 从我还是个穿着短裤的孩提时代起她就一直用这些话激励我前进： “你要混出个人样来！” “不要半途而废！” “要有点志气，孩子。”V. Oral Activities1. Giving A Talk“To be or not to be, that is the question.” For thousands of years, death seems to have been an eternal topic for people all over the world, old and young, men and women. Numerous discussions have been carried out on this theme and in the last paragraph of this passage the author also elaborates on the topic of how to avoid the fear of death. Whats your view on the solemn topic of death? Now give a talk. You may choose any aspect, for example, how to brave death.(For reference) For thousands of years, death has been an eternal topic for human beings. Many opinions have been stated on it but today I want to talk from a different angle: our last contribution to society cremation. Even today, burial is still common in China, especially in rural areas. How-ever, with the intensified process of urbanization, land is increasingly precious and the traditional practice of burial takes up too much space. Besides, traditional burial has a bunch of hazards. First and foremost, it is a waste of land, which is one of the most precious unrecyclable resources. Second, it is bad for the environment since it consumes so many trees every year. In contrast, cremation is both clean and environment-friendly. Peoples ashes can be buried under trees or even scattered at sea. Just think how much land and how many trees could be saved in this way! So call on everyone around you, friends and relatives, to make their last contribution to society and our offspring when they have to leave this world one day.2. Having A DialogueIn “How to Grow Old” Russell warns that psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One is undue absorption in the past. The other is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. As a matter of fact, most parents in China are still clinging to their children due to some historical and cultural reasons. Do you think aging parents should live with their children? And why? Now have a dialogue with your partner, supposing that you two have different opinions. (For reference)A: I think that aging parents should live with their children so that they can be taken good care of.B: No, I dont agree with you. Their children may also have their own business and dont have much time for them. In this connection, theyd better employ a nurse or a maid. They can ask their children to pay for this. Or they can go to a retirement center where they can make a lot of friends. A: Money doesnt mean everything. I think what they need most is love and spiritual support from the family. Friends are good, but they are not family. Besides, they can also help in housework and baby-sitting.B: Thats true. But parents are always asking too much from us. They always treat us like little boys and girls and whenever we have disagreements with them, they get hurt so easily, and are never really patient enough to listen to us.A: But are you patient enough to listen to them? Communication is something mutual. We shouldnt expect our parents to listen to us if we dont listen to them at all. Parents love us unconditionally and they are always ready to sacrifice for us. They deserve every bit of our respect. B: Well, you do have some points. But as far as I know, many people still dont want to live with their parents. A: Im really sorry to hear that. But I still insist that when our parents are too old to take care of themselves, we have the obligation to live with them. We should let them feel that they are loved and needed despite their old age. VI. Research Paper WritingRevising Your PaperThe first and most important thing to keep in mind about revision is that it is not the same as proofreading; in fact, the two are barely related. Proofreading is actually the final step before you turn in your paper while revision is part of the ongoing cycle of writ