时态和虚拟语气

,VerbTense,Successbelongstoyou!,EveryoneisNo.One,2.一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作(1)在时间状语从句，条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句中用一般现在时。Whatwillyoudoifit_tomorrow?Wehavetocarryiton,sincewevegoteverythingready.（05年全国卷）rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining(2)表示客观事实或普遍的真理Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrosstheopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorm.（05年辽宁卷）A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled,1真实条件句,Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined,答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。,二、一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。1.表示过去，“刚刚，刚才”之意，暗示现在已不这样,注意：思维定式的干扰因素,He_footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.（08天津）A.wasplayingB.playedC.hasplayedD.hadplayed,-Yourphonenumberagain？I_quitecatchit.-Its9568442.A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant,三、现在进行时:表示正在发生的动作，也可以用来表示按计划将要进行的动作，有“意图”或“打算”等含义。,1.表示现阶段正在发生的事,2.表示赞美或厌烦的感情色彩,常与always,continually,constantly,allthetime等副词连用,1.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange2.-Oh,dear.Iforgottheairtickets.-You_something.A.haveleftB.arealwaysleavingC.areleavingD.alwaysleft,四、过去进行时的:表示在过去某一特定的时刻或某一段时间正在发生的动作。,1.在某特定的语境中的使用,HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorning.（04年全国卷）A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone,2.表示说话前刚刚结束的动作,-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?-Oh,sorry.I_.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticedD.Idontnotice,五、现在完成时:（）影响性：表示过去已经完成的动作对现在有影响。（）延续性：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。,Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs_asbusinesstomakeaprofit.（08上海）haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun,2.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：,一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。,-HaveyoureadabookcalledWaitingForAnya?-Who_it?(08北京卷)A.writesB.haswrittenC.wroteD.hadwritten,七、过去完成时：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作。要想表达比过去更早的动作。即“过去的过去”。,1.Thehotelwasntparticularlygood,butI_inmanyworsehotels.（08北京卷）A.wasstayingB.stayedC.wouldstayDhadstayed,1.表示过去的过去,2.表示愿望、打算等的词，如hope,expect,mean,intend,want等，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望,-We_thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.-Imsorry.I_tofixitthisweek,butIvebeentoobusy.A.hadexpected;hadintendedB.areexpecting;hadintendedC.expect;intendD.expected;intend,_,八、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。（过去将来时相同）,将来时的表达方法,1.betodo表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责、义务必须去做的事情,2.beabouttodo表示即将发生的事，句中不使用表示将来的时间状语,常和when引出的并列句连用,3.用一般现在时或现在进行时表示安排或计划好的将来的行为（go,come,leave,start,begin,arrive,return等）,1.BecauseI_thenextday,IwenttobedearlyonSaturdayevening.(03福州)A.wasleavingB.willleaveC.hadleftD.wasabouttoleave2.-CanIjoinyourclub,Dad?-Youcanwhenyou_abitolder.A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhovegot3.You_inyourhomeworkthisafternoon.A.aretohandB.willhandC.areabouttohandD.handin,九、特殊句式中的时态,Itisthefirst/secondtimethat从句用现在完成时；Itwasthefirst/secondtimethat从句用过去完成时。e.g.：1.Iwasluckyactually,becausethat_thesecondtimeI_Chinathatyear.A.was;hadvisitedB.was;visitedC.is;havevisitedD.was;havevisited2.ItisthefirsttimethatI_totheGreatWall.A.havebeenB.cameC.hadbeenD.come,2.在“Itwas+时间+since”的句型中,从句用过去完成时。“Itis+时间+since”从句用一般过去时；如：(1).Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.IsaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_agooddrink.A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying(2).-Whatwasthepartylike?-Wonderful.ItsyearssinceI_myselfsomuch.A.enjoyedB.hadenjoyedC.wasenjoyingD.hadbeenenjoyed,3.在“It+be+一段时间+before从句”的句型中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；如果主句为一般过去时，从句则用一般过去时。如1.Itwillbesixyearsbeforewe_again.A.willmeetB.meetC.metD.havemet2.It_notlongbeforehetoldusabouttheaffair.A.willbeB.isC.hadbeenD.was,4.在“hardly/scarcely.when/before.nosooner.than.”的句式中，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。(1).Scarcelyhadhegoneintotheroomwhenthephone_.A.rangB.hadrungC.wouldringD.ring(2)._theschoolwhenthebellrang.A.IhardlyhadB.HardlyhadIreachedC.IhardlyreachedD.HardlydidIreach,1.I_inLondonformanyyears，butIveneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.(重庆卷).A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived2.YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.Oh,I_forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.（2004年福建卷）A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited3.Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents_thattheywontsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank.(2005湖北)A.weredecidingB.havedecidedC.decidedD.willdecide,_,4.Whentheoldman_towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_itselfbehindthemountain.（2005年湖北卷）A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid5Thecrazyfans_patientlyfortwohours,andtheywillwaittillthemoviestararrives.werewaitingB.havebeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait,虚拟语气,TheSubjunctiveMood,一、三种情况的虚拟语气句型基本结构：,过去完成时haddone,would/could/might/should+havedone,一般过去时（be用were）,would/could/might/shoulddo,一般过去时(be用were）shoulddoweretodo,would/could/might/shoulddo,1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,3.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.,与将来事实相反,2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；should，were，had提前，省略if。,29._Iyou,Iwouldntspendsomuchmoneyonclothing.A.CouldB.wereC.HadD.Should,IfIwereyou,I,1.Therice_ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothaveburntD.wouldnotburnt,3.Heisaverybraveman.Yes.IwishI_hiscourage.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave,在名词性从句中一坚持,二命令,三建议,五要求用(should)+do,一个坚持：insist;两命令：order,command;三建议：suggest,propose,advise;五要求：desire,demand,ask,require,request,1.Iinsistthatadoctor_immediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Itissuggestedthatthejob_doneinanotherway.A.wasB.wastobeC.beD.mustbe,wish/asif/ifonly,现在：过去：未来：,过去时(did/were),haddone,would/could/might+V.,wouldratherthat,现在：过去：未来：,过去时(did/were),haddone,过去时,4）wouldratherthat-,现在：过去：未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去时,haddone,1.IwishI_youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken3.Idratherthatyou_thereyesterdayand_againnextweekend.A.went;shouldcomeB.shouldgo;hadcomeC.hadgone;cameD.go;come4.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen5.Heisaverybraveman.Yes.IwishI_hiscourage.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave,高考链接,Itistimethat的虚拟形式Itis(high/about)timethat,动词过去式(be-were)/Shoulddo,Itistime(forsb.)todosth.ItistimeforsthItisthefirst/.timethat(从句用现在完成时),该是做某事的时候了(不用虚拟),1.Itishightimeyou_thebus.A.hadcaughtB.caughtC.willcatchD.catch2.Itsabouttimehe_todothework.A.beginsB.willbeginC.beginD.began,（一）、含蓄条件句从句不表现出来。根据句意以及某些特定的信息词判断,Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe,Withoutelectricity=Iftherewerenoelectricity,（1）当条件状语从句的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。,eg.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctorsadvicethen,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句指过去,主句指现在),错综时间条件,Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered,it_now.A.wouldntdieB.isdeadC.hadbeendeadD.wil