语言学教程Language-and-Cognitionppt课件

Chaptersixlanguaageandcognition，2，1 .what is cognition？什么是认识？mental processings sofanindividual、informationprocessingmentalprocessop rfacultyofknowing、including awareeness、informationprocessingmentalprocessop，Threeapproachstothestud yoflanguageandcognion : theformal approach : addressesthestructuralpatters，includingthestud(孟)itmeans that frequencyofexposuredeterminesouthrabilityorecallstorings。最基本、最笨、最实用的方法；Repetition，16，Connection ism : readerusethesamesystemoflinksbetweenspellinggunitsandsoundunitstogeneratthepronuncationisofwriteentwordsling(-tain，-ology，-meter，micro-)similariyandfrequencyplayimportantericsingandcomprehendinglangage，meter，aninitialsteinuanderstandinganymessagehowdowegoaboutrecognzingwords？Assoonaspeoplehearspeech，theystartnarrowingdownthepossiblewordsthattheymaybehearing . awordisdentifiedassasthereisenonepossis，81，verticalityschema(垂直模式)，invl ves up and down relations . examples : standinguprightclimbingstairsvies，force schema(力模式)，invlvesphysicalormetailusalinterction . itincludeshefollowerwingelements 3360 asourceandtargetthefthefthing，examples(English): physical : gravity structural eements : force，path，entity，Eeraction，DD、scale schema(比例架构)、invoinesncreasonrdecreasoneofphysicalormetphoricalamount、Andconistsofanyofthefollowing 3360 acconsofanyofthefollowing，examples : physicaldamountsproperties inthenumersystemeconomicentitis uchassupplyanddemand，86。3.4 metaphor，Georgelakoffandmarkjohnson(1980)。metaphorsweiveby。university ityofchicavitress。87，conceptualmetaphortheory、metaphorsareactuallycognivetoolsthathelpussureourthoughtsandexperieencesintheworldroundus . metatas，target domain-whatisatuallybeingtalckedabout . source domain-thedomainusedabassiforunderstandingtargetxisy。一个概念是Targetdomain(X)Sourcedomain(Y)、Rational argument、war、89、wearewastegourtimehere(spending)基于Timeismoney，并被解释为源域的“钱”。说明)目标域的概念“时间”tosomeextentchinaisgenetweebytheyellowriter . thestudenentsarethirstyworldroydpofknowledgefromtheteacher，Therearethrecategories conceptual metaphors 3360 ontoldical metaphors本体隐喻Structuralmetaphors结构隐喻Orientationalmetaphors位置隐喻，91，asentitiesandsubsances。物理隐喻是指人类根据自己的经验和生理实体，将事件、行动、感情、思想等抽象概念转换为实体。92、例如，如果我们解释“事业成功，富裕”的抽象概念，就可以通过“工资”一词来创造实体隐喻，例如hissalaryebleshimtosupportthewholefamily . hissalarydwarfshispeersinthemily，Example:是通过“通货膨胀”实体隐喻提高价格的抽象概念或经验inflationisanentitya。inflationisloweringourstandardofliving . b . ifthereis muchmore inflation，We llneversurvive . c . weneedtocombatinfation . d，讨论问题：“progressionnacademicstuies”，95，(2)为了说明目标域的概念，structuralmetphorsprovidhighlystructured、clearalydelivedsourcedomaintostructuretargetdomain构建了源域的概念，并构建了源域的概念这个词本身可能不会出现在句子(与实物隐喻不同)中。辩论是战争Argumentiswar。96，Example : arguments waryourclaimsareindefensable . heattackedeveyweakpointinmyargument . hiscriticismswereightontarget . idea stitiesyou disagree？好的，shoot！Ifyouusethat strategy，he llwipeyout . heshotdownallofmyarguments，97，讨论问题：根据Timeismoney作结构隐喻的句子，98，(3)orientationalgmetaphorsgivesactivationcharacteriedbyaco-occurrences inourexperiencegroundedinanexperiedentialbyaco，for example，Moreisenthismestris grounding standing theco-occurrenoftwo differentkindsofexperieences 3360 addingmoreofasubasubases大部分上图：物质数量增加和物质水平增加，100，100，Examples:HAPPYISUPsaddisownthat boostedmyspiritsi mfeelingdownmyspiritsrose . thinkingaboutheralwaysgivesmelift . heisreallyinawmoodtsedays . connectunconsciousisowakeuphefellasleep，101，3.5 metonymy (metonymy)、itisaognitiveprocessinwhichonecolepualcoreentity、the vehicle、Providertalaccesstoanotherconcepualthereferencepointactivatesthetarget。metonymy映射原理：metonymy主要是指通过更可识别的部分(例如作为一个类别的普通成员理解整个类别)来理解整个或整个的其他部分。102，twogeneralconcepualconfigrations : wholeic manditspart(s)partsofanicm。(1)wholeicmanditspart(s)(I)thing-and-parti cm，Whichmayladtworthething : wholethinforapartorthing，(ii)scalicm . scaleaspecificclassofthingsandthescalar