英语必修三 名词性从句 课件.ppt

我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。,MydreamisthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.,我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。,ThatIcanenterakeyuniversityismydream.,IhaveadreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.,我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学,我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。,IalwaysdreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.,主语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,That/wh-clause+v+主语从句S+be/link.v+that/wh-clause表语从句S+vt+that/wh-clause宾语从句S+vi+prep+wh-clause宾语从句,断句方法同定语从句：1.含有关系词的：始关系词末第二个谓语动词之前2.不含关系词的：始（句中）主谓结构末第二个谓语动词之前,名词性从句,主语+be+表语,主语+do+宾语,名词,名词,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.,2.Iknowthathewillcome.,3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.,4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.,为什么叫名词性从句？_,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom,2.为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周.(名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望.(从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分(that除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,学习目标：1.掌握主语从句的基本概念；2.能从句中找出主语从句；3.能够概括出主语从句的引导词；学会根据句意选择恰当的引导词。,SubjectClause,主语从句,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,主语从句,that,whether，wh-词,在从句中不作成分:that，if，whether“是否”,在从句中作成分:what/who/whom/whichwhatever/whoever/whicheverwhere/when/why/how注意：which表示有明确范围的选择,一that不作成分,无翻译，但不能省Itisunfair.Womenaretreatedunequallyinsomeareas.womenaretreatedunequallyinsomeareasisunfair.Itisundoubted.TaiwanbelongstoChina.TaiwanbelongstoChinaisundoubted.,That,That,Whether/if不作成分，if不能位于句首,Itisaquestion.Heshouldgetmarried.heshouldgetmarriedisaquestion.,if,whether“是否”,Whether,wh-词作成分,引导陈述语序连接代词：what,who连接副词：when,where,why,howItwasnoneofyourbusiness.,Whathesaid,It(形式主语).+that/whether/wh-.Itisundoubted.TaiwanbelongstoChina.Itisaquestion.Heshouldgetmarried.Itisnotabigdeal.,that,whotakesthefirststep.,whether,he,It+be+形容词that从句,Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat.重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显,It+be+-ed分词that从句,Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntous/allthat.众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已经决定,用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：,It+be+名词that从句,Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat.令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,It+不及物动词that从句,Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that,注意：,1.“if”不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。,3.主语从句的“that”一般不能省。,二.主语从句需注意的问题,2.主语从句中用陈述语序,4主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1）.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,Thattheywillcome_certain.,2).What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.,is,are,is,Completethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,when，who,why,howorthat.,1.(_isneededforsuccess)isyourhardwork.,3.(_wewillgotomorrow)hasntbeendecidedyet.,2.(_theywillarrive)hasbeentoldtotheteacher.,4.(_canjoininthesportmeet)isdecidedbytheteacher.,5.(_itwillrainornot)isnotclear.,7.(_theearthisasolidball)isknowntousall.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,That,6.(_theearthisbecomingwarm)isagoodtopicforresearch.,Why,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How,2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere,Choosethebestchoice,3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when4.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshescomingornotdoesntmattermuch.,That,that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。,Whether,if,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。,3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.,What,that引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所说的”。,将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。,5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.,引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。,Whoever,主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。,remains,7.Whatwereyourproblemsayearagohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.,has要改为have。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。,have,在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。,(should)make,断句,始:连接词,末:第二个谓语动词之前,始:空格,末:第二个谓语动词之前,空格在从句内部that/whether/ifwhat/who/when/where/why/how,空格在从句外部形式主语选It,主语从句做题思路：,宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）that,whether，if（that常可省略）连词：who,what,which,whoever,whateverwhen,where,why,how1).CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3).Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.4).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,1.a.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.,b.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate(合作）withoneanother.,c.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.,d.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.,2.a由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.,注意1：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.,注意2：在宾语从句中，that从句只跟在except,but,besides,save（除之外）五个介词后面TheSwedestoodstill,except_hislipsmovedslightly.,that,b.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：引导主语从句并在句首时；引导表语从句时；引导从句作介词宾语时；从句后有“ornot”时；后接动词不定式时。,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idontdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?,doubt问题,肯定句中用if/whether,否定句中用that,疑定句中用that,Idoubt_heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_youarefromAustria?Imdoubtful_hewillagreetothis.,if/whether,that,that,if/whether,c.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：_我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,Idontthinkthedressfitsyouwell,3a.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。b.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.,travels,willbe,goes,wereplaying,havereturned,hadbeen,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be),wrote,hastaken,hadbeen,6.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be),4.宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.,Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.,Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：,1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileB.thatCifDfor4Willyouseeto_thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.them,A,B,B,C,三.表语从句：表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whoever/which/whatever连接副词：when/where/why/how/because,Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.,需注意：在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.在句型That/Itis+表语从句中，why表示“结果”，because表示“原因”。如:Therewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.Thatwaswhyhecamelate.Thebossscoldedhim.Thatwasbecausehecamelate.3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4Thereasonisbecause/why,that.,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句,1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.,Theproblemis_,Thisis_.,Itlooks_.,thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.,howHenrysolvedtheproblem.,asifitisgoingtorain.,四同位语从句,1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，(如advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等抽象名词)，同位语从句常用that/whether引导或连接副词when/where/why/how，例如：,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,e.g.,1)Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.3）WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.,2.同位语在句子中的位置当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置，构成分隔式同位语从句，即可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.,1（2012浙江）Imadeapromisetomyself_thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how2(2012江苏)thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_themeetingwouldbepostponed.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how,3（2012重庆）Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy_childrensearlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.A.WhyB.howC.whetherD.that,that在同位语从句与定语从句的区别,（I）试比较下面两个例句:1.Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood.2.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.,（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）,（that引导同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）,3ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）4ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,辨别下列从句1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney.3.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse.4.Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon.5.Thefactisthatwehavespentallourmoney.,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.Whathewantsisabook.2.Itissonicethatwecanlearnthisgrammarpointtogether.3.ImsogladthatIcanmakefriendswithyou.4.Thisiswhyhedidit.5.Doyouagreetothesuggestionthatwe(should)haveatripinTibet?6.Thathewantsabookiscertain.7.Isuggestedjustnowwe(should)takepartinthisactivity.8.Whetheryoulikehimornotdoesntmattertoomuch.9.Hedoesntknowwhetheryoucansingitwell.10.Theproblemiswhetheryoucansingitwell.11.Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotbeendecided.12.Pleasetellmewhoyourmonitoris.,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,(1)Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis,B,C,I.语序问题,考点归纳,D,归纳,在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用_的语序。,陈述,II.用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用_，不能用if；b.后面紧跟ornot时,用_.,归纳,whether,whether,III.that与whether/if的选择：,(1)_knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt_hewillcomesoon?,D,C,whether/if,that,that,表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用_,归纳,whether/if,that,1._Icantunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2._theearthisroundisknownt