主谓一致上课版PPT幻灯片.ppt

,Thesingeranddancer_onthestage.,is,Thegiftisusedtohavewesternmeals.Whatisit?,aknifeandfork,Aknifeandforkisusedtohavemeals.,Thegroup_madeupofninestudents.,Thegroup_dancinghappily.,is,are,Theteam_somegoodplayers.(have)Theteam_handsome.(be),has,are,主谓一致,一.概念:主谓一致是指：1）语法一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2）意义一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语.一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：Thereismuchwaterinthethermos(热水瓶).但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.,二.相关知识点精讲1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：Readingandwritingareveryimportant.读写很重要。注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典型例题TheLeaguesecretary(团支部书记)andmonitor（班长）_askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案B.注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。,2.主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。2）当eitheror与neithernor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：Eitheryouorsheistogo.不是你去，就是她去。Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.给你笔、信封和纸。,3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语有with,togetherwith（和）,like,except,but,nolessthan（正如）,aswellas（和）等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我想去划船。,4.谓语需用单数的情况1）代词each以及由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each,every时,谓语需用单数。例如：Eachofushasatape-recorder.我们每人都有录音机。Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表坏了。2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.用三个星期来做准备。Tenyuanisenough.十元够了。,5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数1）代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：Allisright.一切顺利。Allarepresent.人都到齐了。2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience(听众,观众),crew(工作人员),crowd,class,company(一群),committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：Hisfamilyisntverylarge.他家成员不多。Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people,police,cattle(牲畜),poultry(家禽)等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：Arethereanypolicearound?3）有些名词，如variety,number,population,proportion(比例),majority(多数)等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：Anumberof+名词复数+复数动词。Thenumberof+名词复数+单数动词。Anumberofbookshavelentout.ThemajorityofthestudentslikeEnglish.,6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况1）用halfof,mostof,noneof,heapsof(许多),lotsof,plentyof等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.他大部分的钱化在书上了。Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2）用aportionof(一部分),aseriesof,apileof,apanelof(小组)等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Aseriesofaccidentshasbeenreported.媒体报道了一连串的事故。Apileoflotswassetbesidethehearth.炉边有一堆木柴。3）如manya或morethanone所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由morethanof作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.许多人读过这本书。Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。,(6)population人口的用法表示一个地区人口的总数，用单数谓语动词，若population由百分数或分数修饰，谓语动词用复数形式。ThepopulationofFujianprovinceislessthan100million.福建省的人口不超过1亿。Eightypercentofthepopulationofthecityareworkers.这个城市80%的人口是工人。,4其他情况下的主谓一致(1)当定语从句中关系代词who,which,that作主语时，谓语由先行词的数决定。先行词是“oneofn.(pl.)”时从句谓语动词用复数，若one前有the,theonly或thevery修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Doyouknowthestudentswhoarestandingthere?你认识站在那边的那些学生吗？Doyouknowthestudentwhoisspeakingatthemeeting?你认识在会议上讲话的那个学生吗？,(2)what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根据从句所表达的意义上的数确定。thefollowing的谓语一般由它后面所接的表语的数来决定。其他从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。Whattheyneedisjustrest.他们所需要的就是休息。Whatwewanturgentlyaresomegrammarbooks.我们迫切想要的是语法书。,三.巩固练习（）1.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were,were（）2.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play（）3._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are（）4.Tenminutes_alongtimeforonewhowaits.A.seemB.seemsC.seemedD.areseemed（）5.Ericistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_adrivinglicense.A.hasB.haveC.ishavingD.arehaving,（）6.JoyandSorrow_next-doorneighbours.A.isB.areC.wereD.be（）7.Inmyopinion,someofthenews_unbelievable.A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.havebeen（）8.When_theUnitedNationsfounded?A.isB.areC.wasD.were（）9.Everypossiblemeans_.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.wastriedD.weretried（）10.Whatshesaysanddoes_nothingtodowithme.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have,1.Theresearchgroup(is,are)madeupoffivepeople.,2.What(do,does)thegroupwantfortheirlunch?,3.Ourfamily(is,are)notpooranymore.,4.Hehastoworry.Hisfamily(is,are)waitingforhim.,is,do,is,are,Notonlyyoubutalsohe_wrong.(is/are),There_twoshopsandacinemabesidetherailwaystation.(is/are),is,are,Mr.Black,aswellastwowomen,_attheoffice.,is,Mr.Black,1.Theteacherwithtwostudents_atthemeeting.(was/were),2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.,A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play,was,A,Tomisoneofthestudentswho_goodatplayingfootball.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_goodatplayingfootball.,are,is,1).ToholdtheOlympicGames_arichprizeforacountry.(be),2).Choosingwhattoeat_nolongeraseasyasitoncewas.,is,is,Whatweneed_moretimeandmorematerials.Whatweneed_teachers.,3),is,are,is,Amilliondollars_(is/are)reallyalotofmoney.Sixtyyearsalongtime.Threethousandmilesalongdistance.Fiftykilogrammesnottooheavytobecarried.,is,is,is,主谓一致,Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.,1Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityAisBareCamDbe2NeithermywifenorI_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindAisBareCamDbe,3NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherAisBareCamDbe4Nottheteacher，butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe,5NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen6Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome,7Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis.AknowBknowsCisknownDareknown8Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyAhasreadBhavereadCarereadingDisreading9Allbutone_intheaccidentAwaskilledBwerekilledCwillbekilledDarekilled,10.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.hasnotbeendecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided,11.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were12._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are,13.Theresultsoftheexamination_thatyouhaveallmadegreat_.A.show;progressB.shows;progressC.show;progressesD.shows;progresses14.Here_anewpairofshoesforyou.A.isB.areC.haveD.has,高考链接体验,1.SuchpoetsasShakespearewidelyread，ofwhoseworks，however，somedifficulttounderstandAare；areBis；isCare；isDis：are【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为someofwhoseworks，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。,2.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouseatpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt【答案】D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。从时间状语atpresent可判断出用现在时，“manya+单数可数名词”虽然表示复数意思，但要用单数谓语。,3.-Iseveryonehere?-NotyetLook,there_therestofourguests!A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，therestofourguests作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。come用于进行时通常用来表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作，因此D项不恰当。,4.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertscausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have【答案】C【解析】考察主谓一致和时态。根据动名词短语作主语，句中的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除BD，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。,考点梳理精讲,要点知识点拨,误区警示透析,主谓一致问题易错点Didyougototheshowlastnight?Yeah.Everyboyandgirlintheareainvited.A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was,根据语法知识可知，当“every.and(every).”结构在句中作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式，故选项A和B首先被排除;又由于问句中的时态为一般过去时态,根据时态一致原则,可以将C项也排除。故本题的正确答案为D项。,【解题探究】D。在主谓一致问题中，除了“every.and(every).”结构有这种用法外，“each.and(each).”，“no.and(no).”等结构也具有相同的用法。Noteacherand(no)studentisgoing.老师和学生都不去。Eachboyand(each)girlistreatedinthesameway.男孩和女孩被用同样的方式对待。,另外，考生还应知道，“manya+可数名词单数”，“morethanone+可数名词单数”等结构作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数形式。Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthis.这件事情牵涉到的不止一个人Manyamemberhasprotestedagainsttheproposal.许多成员反对这个建议,过关落实,1Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts_thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek_goodforoneshealth.Ashow；areBshows；isCshow；isDshows；are解析：“asurvey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。答案：B2Welivedaybyday，butinthegreatthings，thetimeofdaysandweeks_sosmallthatadayisunimportant.AisBareChasbeenDhavebeen解析：主语是“thetime”，故谓语动词用单数。答案：A,3Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyonethird_usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.AisBareCwasDwere解析：此处onethird指onethirdof20notebookcomputers，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。答案：D4MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths_alsotrueoftheJohnsons.AareBisCbeingDtobe解析:主语为“大部分对Smith夫妇的说法”,看成单数,谓语动词用is。答案：B5Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.AisBareCwasDwere解析：apoetandartist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：A,6Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren_skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.AisgoingBgoCgoesDaregoing解析：主语仍为thefather，单数形式；aswellashisthreechildren作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：C7_ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.ATwofifth；isBTwofifth；areCTwofifths；isDTwofifths；are解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：C,8Everypossiblemeans_topreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclear.AisusedBareusedChasbeenusedDhavebeenused解析：everypossiblemeans每一种可行的方式；means单复数同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时的被