组织与胚胎学免疫系统.ppt

DepartmentofHistology&Embryology,免疫系统（immunesystem）,主讲：卢康荣,1,讲授内容,免疫细胞淋巴组织的结构和功能淋巴器官的结构和功能,2,Innateimmunityandadaptiveimmunity,Innateimmunity(先天性免疫)：非特异性免疫，以颗粒细胞和白细胞主。adaptiveimmunity（获得性免疫）：特异性免疫，以淋巴细胞和抗原提呈细胞为主，并且有记忆性细胞产生。,3,免疫细胞,淋巴细胞Lymphocytes抗原提呈细胞Antigenpresentingcell巨噬细胞和单核吞噬细胞系统MacrophageandMononuclearphagocytesystem,MPS,4,淋巴细胞（Lymphocyte）,T细胞（Thymusdependentlymphocyte）Helpercell(Thcell):表达CD4膜分子Cytotoxiccell(Tccell):表达CD8膜分子Regulatorycell(Trcell),5,穿孔素（Perforin）,颗粒酶（granzyme）,T细胞的表面受体,6,HelperTcellinAIDS,7,8,B细胞（Bonemarrowdependentlymphocyte）B1细胞：高表达CD5分子，分泌IgM，在机体抗感染时发挥作用B2细胞：表达CD40分子，主要分泌IgG，活化需要T细胞NK细胞（Naturalkillercell）,9,淋巴细胞（Lymphocyte）,10,单核吞噬细胞系统,包括单核细胞和其分化出去的各种巨噬细胞具体可见：结缔组织(巨噬细胞)，肝(Kupffer细胞)，肺(肺泡巨噬细胞)，脾(游走和固定巨噬细胞)及淋巴结(游走和固定巨噬细胞)等等。,11,抗原呈递细胞(AntigenPresentingCell,APC),树突状细胞（Dendriticcell，DC）血液DC细胞（Blooddendriticcell）朗格汉斯细胞（Langerhanscell）间质细胞（Interstitialdendriticcell）面纱细胞（Veiledcell）交错突细胞（Interdigitatingcell）,12,面纱细胞（Veiledcell）,13,免疫细胞的共同防御-感染,14,淋巴细胞的来源,15,淋巴细胞再循环,16,讲授内容,免疫细胞淋巴组织的结构和功能淋巴器官的结构和功能,17,淋巴组织Lymphoidtissue,淋巴小结Lymphoidnodule初级淋巴小结（Primarylymphoidnodule）次级淋巴小结（Secondarylymphoidnodule）GerminalcenterLightzonefolliculardendriticcell,FDCDarkzoneCap,18,淋巴组织Lymphoidtissue,弥散淋巴组织Diffuselymphoidtissue无明显界限有高内皮微静脉（Highendothelialvenule，HEV），是淋巴细胞从血液进入淋巴组织的重要通道,19,弥散淋巴组织（）和淋巴小结(Follicle,F),弥散淋巴组织,20,淋巴小结(GC:germinalcenter),21,次级淋巴小结,Folliculardendriticcell,FDC功能捕捉抗原抗体复合物，以抗原抗体复合物形式长期保留抗原，刺激B细胞的增殖和分化。,22,淋巴器官Lymphoidorgan,Centrallymphoidorgan胸腺Thymus骨髓BonemarrowPeripherallymphoidorgan淋巴结Lymphnode脾Spleen扁桃体Tonsil,23,胸腺,24,胸腺,CapsuleCortexMedulla,25,胸腺Thymus,Structureofthethymus被膜Capsule小叶间隔Interlobularseptum胸腺小叶Thymiclobule皮质Cortex-Darkstaining髓质Medulla-Lightstaining,26,胸腺皮质Thymuscortex,胸腺上皮细胞Thymicepithelialcell被膜下上皮细胞Subcapsularepithelialcell哺育细胞NursecellFunction-产生胸腺素（thymosin）和胸腺生成素（thymopoietin）胸腺细胞Thymocyte：占胸腺皮质细胞85-90%经历阳性选择和阴性选择后，少部分发展成为初始T细胞，大部分T细胞被巨噬细胞吞噬,27,胸腺基质细胞Thymicstromalcell胸腺上皮细胞Thymicepithelialcell巨噬细胞Macrophage肥大细胞mastcell,28,Function-microenvironment,胸腺内细胞分布图,Cortex,Medulla,Subcapsularepithelialcellornursecell,Interlobularseptum,Thymocyte,Interdigitatingdendriticcell,Medullaryepithelialcell,Thymiccorpuscleepithelialcell,29,胸腺皮质-电镜图片,E:上皮性网状细胞,T:胸腺细胞,30,胸腺的髓质,ThymicepithelialcellMedullaryepithelialcell胸腺小体上皮Thymiccorpuscleepithelialcell胸腺小体Thymiccorpuscle初始T细胞NaiveTcellMacrophage,31,胸腺的髓质-Thymusmedulla,32,胸腺小体（Thymiccorpuscle（H）orHassallcorpuscle）,33,T细胞分化成熟(阳性选择和阴性选择),34,血液胸腺屏障(bloodthymusbarrier),连续毛细血管内皮Endotheliumofcontinuouscapillary完整的内皮基膜Basementmembranearoundendothelium血管周隙(其中有巨噬细胞等)Gapofcapillary,whichcontainsmacrophages上皮细胞的基膜Basementmembraneofthymicepithelialcells连续的胸腺上皮细胞层Processesofthymicepithelialcells,35,36,血液胸腺屏障,连续的胸腺上皮细胞层,上皮细胞的基膜,Macrophage,Lymphocyte,内皮细胞,细胞间的紧密连接,完整的内皮基膜,血管周隙,37,血液胸腺屏障,38,胸腺的功能（Functionofthethymus）,形成初始T细胞产生少量的刺激增生和T细胞分化的激素,39,淋巴器官,Centrallymphoidorgan胸腺Thymus骨髓BonemarrowPeripherallymphoidorgan淋巴结Lymphnode脾Spleen扁桃体Tonsil,40,41,淋巴结Lymphnode,结构Structureofthelymphnode被膜capsule,小梁trabecula,输入淋巴管afferentlymphaticvessels,输出淋巴管efferentlymphaticvessels,门hilus,42,淋巴结,CT.被膜LN.淋巴小结P.副皮质区MC.髓索MS.髓窦,43,淋巴结的结构,皮质Cortex浅层皮质Superfacialcortex：有淋巴小结，主要包含B细胞Lymphoidnodule副皮质区Paracortexzone:无淋巴小结，主要包含Th细胞皮质淋巴窦Corticalsinus被膜下窦Subcapsularsinus小梁周窦Peritrabecularsinus,44,淋巴结的皮质,45,弥散淋巴组织,皮质外层,被膜下窦,被膜,淋巴小结,淋巴结的副皮质区,Postcapillaryvenule,46,淋巴结副皮质区-高内皮微静脉,Postcapillaryvenulelymphocyte,47,淋巴结的高内皮微静脉,Highendothelialcell,Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte,Reticularcell,Nuclearofendothelialcell,48,淋巴结的高内皮微静脉,Postcapillaryvenulelymphocyte,49,皮质淋巴窦-被膜下窦,Afferentlymphaticvessel,Macrophage,Macrophage,Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte,Endothelialcell,Valve,Endothelialcell,Endothelialcell,Capsule,Endothelialcell,Reticularcell,50,输入淋巴管,被膜,巨噬细胞,内皮细胞,被膜下窦：M：macrophage,E：endothelialcellS:sinus（右图为淋巴组织中的网状纤维，为支撑结构）,51,淋巴结的髓质,髓质Medulla髓索Medullarycord髓窦Medullarysinus,52,淋巴结的髓质,MedullarycordMedullarysinusTrabecula,53,淋巴结的功能,滤过淋巴Filterlymphoidfluid免疫应答Actasthesiteofimmuneresponse参与淋巴细胞再循环Participateinrecirculationoflymphocytes,54,淋巴器官,Centrallymphoidorgan胸腺Thymus骨髓BonemarrowPeripherallymphoidorgan淋巴结Lymphnode脾Spleen扁桃体Tonsil,55,脾Spleen,56,Spleen,TrabeculaWhitepulpRedpulp,小梁,红髓,白髓,被膜,57,脾的结构：Structureofthespleen,被膜Capsule小梁Trabecula白髓Whitepulp边缘区Marginalzone红髓Redpulp,58,脾脏的结构,被膜和小梁Capsuleandtrabecula白髓Whitepulp动脉周围淋巴鞘Periarteriallymphaticsheath淋巴小结边缘区Marginalzone红髓Redpulp脾索Spleniccord脾血窦Splenicsinus,59,Structureofthespleen,S:Splenicsinus,60,Spleniccorpuscle,Centralartery,Germinativecenter,61,红髓（Redpulp）,SpleniccordSplenicsinus,62,脾脏的结构,63,红髓,64,红髓,M:Macrophage,65,脾血窦,M:Macrophage,66,脾血窦,R:RedbloodcellE:Endotheliumcell,67,68,Functionofspleen,69,脾脏内的血液循环,Splenicarteries,Trabeculararteries,Centralarteries,Marginalzonesinus,Penicillararteriole,Pulpvenules,Trabeculavein,Splenicvein,Spleniccord,Splenicsinus,70,脾脏的功能,滤血Filtrateblood免疫Immunologicaldefense造血Producebloodcells贮血Storageblood,71,Lymphoidorgan,Centrallymphoidorgan胸腺Thymus骨髓BonemarrowPeripherallymphoidorgan淋巴结Lymphnode脾Spleen扁桃体Tonsil,72,扁桃体Tonsil,咽扁桃体,颚扁桃体,舌扁桃体,73,扁桃体Tonsil,腭扁桃体Palatinetonsil复层扁平上皮Stratifiedsquamousepithelialcells扁桃体隐窝Tonsilcrypts淋巴上皮组织lymphoepithelialtissue固有层Laminapropria弥散淋巴组织Diffuselymphoidtissue淋巴小结Lymphoidnodules,74,腭扁桃体Palatinetonsil,1.隐窝.2.stratifiedsquamousepithelium3.lymphoidnodules4.diffuselymphoidtissue5.germinativecenter