项目规划(ppt 106页)(英文).ppt

Topic3ProjectPlanning,I.Projectmanagementprocess,ProjectManagementProcess,Arrowsrepresentflowofdocumentsanddocumentableitems,Initiatingprocesses,Planningprocesses,Controllingprocesses,Executingprocesses,Closingprocesses,Initiatingprocesses-recognizingthataprojectorphaseshouldbeginorandcommittingtodosoPlanningprocesses-devisingandmaintainingaworkableschemetoaccomplishthebusinessneedthattheprojectundertakentoaddressExecutingprocesses-coordinatingpeopleandotherresourcestocarryouttheplanControllingprocesses-ensuringthatprojectobjectivesaremetbymonitoringandmeasuringprogressandtakingcorrectiveactionwhennecessaryClosingprocesses-formalizingacceptanceoftheprojectorphaseandbringingittoanorderlyend,Initiatingprocess,TheformalinitiatinglinkstheprojecttotheongoingworkoftheperformingOrg.Inputs:productdescription;strategicplan;projectselectioncriteria;historicalinformationToolsandtechniques:projectselectionmethods;expertjudgementOutputs:projectcharter;projectmanageridentified/assigned;constrains;assumptions,Planningprocesses,CoreprocessFacilitatingprocess,Scopeplanning,ScopeDef.,ActivityDef.,Activitysequencing,Resourceplanning,Durationestimating,Costestimating,Scheduledevelopment,Costbudgeting,Projectplandevelopment,Qualityplanning,Communicationsplanning,Riskidentification,Riskquantification,Riskresponsedevelopment,Organizationalplanning,Staffacquisition,Procurementplanning,Solicitationplanning,Planningisofmajorimportancetoaprojectbecausetheprojectinvolvesdoingsomethingwhichhasnotbeendonebefore.Theprocessesabovearesubjecttotofrequentiterationspriortocompetingtheplan.Forexample,iftheinitialcompletiondateisunacceptable,projectresources,cost,orevenscopemayneedtoberedefined.Inaddition,planningisnotanexactscience-twodifferentteamscouldgenerateverydifferentplansforthesameproject.,Scopeplanning:developingawrittenscopestatementasthebasisforfutureprojectdecisionsScopedefinition:subdividingthemajorprojectdeliverablesintosmaller,ormanageablecomponentsActivitydefinition:identifyingthespecificactivitiesthatmustbeperformedtoproducethevariousprojectdeliverablesActivitysequencing:identifyinganddocumentinginteractivitydependenciesActivitydurationestimating:estimatingthenumberofworkperiodswhichwillbeneededtocompleteindividualactivitiesScheduledevelopment:analyzingactivitysequences,activitydurations,andresourcerequirementstocreatetheprojectschedule.Resourceplanning:determiningwhatresources(people,equipment,materials)andwhatquantitiesofeachshouldbeusedtoperformprojectactivities.,Costestimating:developinganapproximation(estimate)ofthecostsresourcesneededtocompleteprojectactivities.Costbudgeting:allocatingtheoverallcostestimatetoindividualworkitemsProjectplandevelopment:takingtheresultsofotherplanningprocessesandputtingthemintoaconsistent,coherentdocument.Qualityplanning:identifyingwhichqualitystandardsarerelevanttotheprojectanddetermininghowtosatisfythemOrganizationplanning:identifying,documenting,andassigningprojectroles,responsibilities,andreportingrelationshipsStaffacquisition:gettingtheHRneededassignedtoandworkingontheproject.,Communicationplanning:determiningtheinformationandcommunicationsneedsofthestakeholders:whoneedswhatinformation,whenwilltheyneedit,andhowwillitbegiventothem.Riskidentification:determiningwhichrisksarelikelytoaffecttheprojectanddocumentingthecharacteristicsofeach.Riskquantification:evaluatingrisksandriskinteractionstoassesstherangeofpossibleprojectoutcomesRiskresponsedevelopment:definingenhancementstepsforopportunitiesandresponsestothreatsProcurementplanning:determiningwhattoprocureandwhenSolicitationplanning:documentingproductrequirementsandidentifyingpotentialsources.,Executingprocesses,Facilitatingprocesses,Projectplanexecution,Informationdistribution,solicitation,Teamdevelopment,Sourceselection,Scopevertification,Qualityassurance,Contractadministration,Projectplanexecution:carryingouttheprojectplanbyperformingtheactivitiesincludedtherein.Scopeverification:formalizingacceptanceoftheprojectscopeQualityassurance:evaluatingoverallprojectperformanceontheregularbasistoprovideconfidencethattheprojectwillsatisfytherelevantqualitystandard.Teamdevelopment:developingindividualandgroupskillstoenhanceprojectperformanceInformationdistribution:makingneededinformationavailabletoprojectstakeholdersintimelymannerSolicitation:obtainingquotations,bids,offers,orproposalasappropriatesourceselection:choosingfromamongpotentialsellerscontractadministration:managingtherelationshipwiththeseller,Controllingprocesses,facilitatingprocesses,Performancereporting,Overallchangecontrol,Scopechangecontrol,Schedulecontrol,Riskresponsecontrol,Costcontrol,Qualitycontrol,Projectperformancemustbemeasuredregularlytoidentifyvariancesfromtheplan.Thevariancearefedintothecontrolprocessinthevariousknowledgeareas.Overallchangecontrol:coordinatingchangesacrosstheentireprojectScopechangecontrol:controllingchangetoprojectscopeSchedulecontrol:controllingchangestotheprojectscheduleCostcontrol:controllingchangestotheprojectbudgetQualitycontrol:monitoringspecificprojectresultstodetermineifthecomplywithrelevantqualitystandardsandidentifyingwaystoeliminatecausesofunsatisfactoryperformancePerformancereporting:collectinganddisseminatingperformanceinformation,includingstatusreporting,progressmeasurement,andforecastingRiskresponsecontrol:respondingtochangesinriskoverthecourseoftheproject.,Closingprocesses,Contractclose-out,Administrativeclosure,Administrationclosure:generating,gathering,anddisseminatinginformationtoformalizephaseorprojectcompletionContractclose-out:completionandsettlementofthecontract,includingresolutionofanyopenitems.Theprocessillustratedabovemeetthetestofgeneralacceptance-theyapplytomostprojectsmostoftime.However,notalloftheprocesseswillbeneededonallprojects,andnotalloftheinteractionswillapplytoallprojects.Whenthereisaneedtomakechange,thechangeshouldbeclearlyidentified,carefullyevaluated,andactivelymanaged.,II.ProjectPlanning,WhydoIneedaP.O.D.?ToprovideabaselineofinformationforapprovalorrejectionoftheprojectproposalToidentifyrolesandresponsibilitiesbeforetheprojectisstartedTodefinecompletion(success)inadvance,P.O.D.Function,IdentifykeyassumptionDefineinitialprojectscopeprojectcompletioncriteriafunctionsaddressedandnotaddressedworkproductsandtheircompletioncriteriamajoractivitiessignificantdependencies,P.O.D.Function2,Identifyresourcerequirementsresponsibilities(organization)skillstimeestimatesmaterialresourcesprojectcostDeterminepreliminaryscheduleTheP.O.D.Shouldbeformalproposal,P.O.D.Minimumcontent,IntroductionKeyassumptionRolesandresponsibilitiesMajorproductsCompletioncriteriaEstimatedscheduleEstimatedcost,WhyplantheP.O.D.?,TomanageriskTomaximizereturnoninvestmentToensureclientsatisfactionTocommunicate,Inthebeginning.,Plans,Schedule,Scope,Resource,P.O.D.PlanningProcess,DefinetheproductsIdentifytechnicalactivitiesEstimateshoursforactivitiesAddlevelofefforthoursDeterminedependenciesIdentifystaffingIdentifyotherresourcesIdentifyutilizationrateDetermineactivitysizeDetermineactivitydurationDevelopestimatedschedule,1.Definetheproducts,Standardproductsfrom:Designproject:systemrequirementsreportsystemdesignreportimplementationphaseplanImplementationproject:detailedprogramspecificationsprogramsandprogramsdocumentationinstallationplan,Non-standardproducts:Firstofitskind?Firstinthiscompany?Firstatthislocation?.,2.Identifythetechnicalactivities,Example:designproject,activitiesinclude:1.Orientation2.Interviewstandards3.Globalinterviewpreparation4.Standardsforrequirementsreport(SRR)5.Interviews:individualpreparation;interview;minutes;confirm6.Consolidatedata7.Writerequirementreport8.Externaldesignphaseplan9.Externaldesignstandards10.Externaldesignphase11.Internaldesignphase,3.Estimatehoursforactivities,Activitiesworkhours1.Orientation(30hrs,6people)1802.Interviewstandards1603.Globalinterviewpreparation804.Standardsforrequirementsreport(SRR)605.Interviews(20)640(16x2peoplex20)individualpreparation4interview4minutes4confirm46.Consolidatedata6007.Writerequirementreport1408.Externaldesignphaseplan809.Externaldesignstandards6010.Externaldesignphase200011.Internaldesignphase2000Projecttotal6000,4.Addlevelofefforthours,ProjectmanagementChangeinvestigationProjectmeetings.,5.Determinedependencies,“logical”orderofactivitiespredecessors/successorsuncovermissingactivitiesinitiallyignoreresourceconstrainsidentifycriticalpath:thecriticalpathisthepathoflongestdurationthroughnetwork;thetaskonthecriticalpathiscriticaltask,Determinedependencies,1,2,5,6,3,8,7,10,9,4,11,6.Identifystaffing,Internalpersonnel/skillsExternalpersonnel/skills,7.Identifyotherresources,DedicatedtestconfigurationLaserprintersfordocumentationWordprocessingsupport.,8.Identifyutilizationrate,Hoursavailable=2080(52x5x8)education80vacation+holidays160administration80personal80others80Totalnon-productivehours480Totalproductivehours1600,Utilizationvs.Projectduration(173hourspermonth),9.Determineactivitiessize(utilization75%),Activitiesworkhoursweeks1.Orientation(30hrs,6people)1806.02.Interviewstandards1605.33.Globalinterviewpreparation802.74.Standardsforrequirementsreport(SRR)602.05.Interviews(20)640(16x2peoplex20)21.3individualpreparation4interview4minutes4confirm46.Consolidatedata60020.07.Writerequirementreport1404.78.Externaldesignphaseplan802.79.Externaldesignstandards602.010.Externaldesignphase200066.711.Internaldesignphase200066.7Projecttotal6000200,10.Determineactivityduration(technicalstaffing6),Activitiesworkhoursweeksduration1.Orientation(30hrs,6people)1806.01.02.Interviewstandards1605.31.33.Globalinterviewpreparation802.71.34.Standardsforrequirementsreport(SRR)602.02.05.Interviews(20)640(16x2peoplex20)21.33.8individualpreparation4interview4minutes4confirm46.Consolidatedata60020.04.17.Writerequirementreport1404.71.28.Externaldesignphaseplan802.72.09.Externaldesignstandards602.01.010.Externaldesignphase200066.711.211.Internaldesignphase200066.711.2Projecttotal600020033.6,11.Developestimatedschedule(requirementsphase),P.O.D.planningprocess-anotherview,Definescope-Definetheproducts-Identifytechnicalactivities-Estimateshoursforactivities-Addlevelofefforthours-Determinedependencies,Identifyresources-Identifystaffing-IdentifyotherresourcesDevelopschedule-Identifyutilizationrate-Determineactivitysize-Determineactivityduration-Developestimatedschedule,Intheend.,Scope,Plans,Schedule,Resources,P.O.D.,IntroductionKeyassumptionRolesSupportproductsSources:P.O.D.Materials(deliverables)DeliverableguidelinesStatementofworkOther,Standardproductsresourcestime,Step2.Identifytasksandsubtasks,Typesoftask:standard;project-related;level-of-effortSourcesDepartmentdocumentationprocedures+guidelinesBrainstormingsessionsExperiencedpeople,StandardmajortasksRequirementsdefinitionInternaldesignplanandorganizetheprojectplan,organizeinternaldesignorienttheprojectparticipantsdevelopinternalsystemstructureestablishtheinterviewanddatadevelopprogramfunctionspecsgatheringplandevelopdatafilesspecsconductinterviewscompletesystemdesignreportconsolidateinterviewdatadeveloptestingstrategycompleterequirementsreportdraftconducttechnicaldesigninterviewreviewdraftandobtainuserapprovalreviewsystemdesignreportwithExternaldesignuserandgainapprovalplan,organizeexternaldesigndeveloppreliminarysystemarchitecturedevelopfunctionalbusinessflowdesignuserinputs/outputsdefineapplicationviewsofdatabasecompleteexternaldesigndraftandreview,obtainuserapproval,Project-dependenttasksdatabasedevelopmentconversionplanningconversiontasksinstallationplanninguserandoperatoreducationplanningvendorproducttestingsubcontractorcoordination,Level-of-effort(LOE)taskshardtodefinespecificoutputcompletioncriteriatendtobelongrunningworkonthemissporadic,Orientationmanagementchangeinvestigationskillstransfermeetings,IdentifythetasksResponsibilitycanbeassignedtoonepersonTasksresultsaretangibleandrelatedtoproductTasksarelessthanonereportingcycle(40hrs)Tasksareadayorlongerindura