现在分词做状语

ThePresentParticipleasAdverbial（现在分词做状语）,-ing分词的构成,-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：,-ing分词的否定形式是由not加-ing分词构成。如：Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。,-ing分词的一般式和完成式：,-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。,-ing分词的被动式,-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(beingdone)和完成被动式(havingbeendone)。如：Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。,-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。,现在分词作状语,-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when,while引出。如：Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。,-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Notknowinghisaddress,Icantsendthisbooktohim.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Beingsoexcited,Manyofuscouldntgotosleepthatnight.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着,ing分词短语作结果状语。如：Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,makingitthemostpopularsong.,-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。,-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。,“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：Hishairbecamegreywiththeyearspassing.随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。,独立成分：有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly)speaking,supposing(假设),judgingfrom(从判断),talkingof（谈到),speakingof（谈到）等。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?,Afterheheardastrongsound,hewentoutoftheroomforalook.,=Hearingastrangesound,hewentoutof.,Asthegirlwasseriouslyill,shewastakentohospitalimmediately.,Beingseriouslyill,thegirlwastakento.,be-being,AsshedidntknowanyFrench,shecouldntgetanyonetohelpher.,NotknowinganyFrench,shecouldntgetanyonetohelpher.,Consolidation,Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.,A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing,2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.,A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake,3.”Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.,A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing,4._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.,NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotNothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived,5Themissingsingerwaslastseen_thevoiceclosetothebridgeAexercisingBtobeexercisingCexerciseDtoexercise6.Thedirectorsdiscussedtheprojectthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyearAcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout,7._theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning8.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading9._fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge,10._fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.