英语人教版八年级下册动词不定式的用法.ppt

动词不定式的用法萧县永堌中学王长峰,一、动词的分类1、系动词be:主语+系动词+表语、（主系表）2、实意动词（行为动词）：只做谓语主语+谓语+（宾语）、（主谓宾）3、情态动词：无人称和数的变化，后加动词原形，构成复合谓语4、助动词：有be，do/does,did等，本身无意义，只用来帮忙构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等由此可见，动词的作用就是用来构成谓语或者谓语的一部分，但如果一个表示动作的词或者短语不作谓语，我们就要用动词的非谓形式。,二、常见的非谓形式动词ing形式动词不定式(todo)分词（现在分词和过去分词）三、今天主要学习动词不定式的用法：1、作主语（常用it代替），主要用于三种句式：1）Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.2)Itis+adj.+of+sb.+todosth.3)Ittakes/took+sb.+sometime+todosth.,2、作宾语（绝大部分动词后）1）、want,help,wish,decide,expect,wouldlike等绝大部分动词后都是跟动词不定式做宾语。eg,Iwanttogetgoodgrades.2)、like,love等后跟不定式和动词-ing形式略有区别。3)、find/think等动词后+it+adj.+todosth.IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglish.,3、作宾补1）want,ask,tell等绝大部分动词后跟带to的不定式作宾补。2）在使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,notice,feel等动词后必须跟省to的不定式（动词原形）作宾补。Ididntseeyoucomein.4、作定语：后置Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestin.5、作状语（表原因、目的、结果等）Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(表目的）,Imsorrytohearthat.(表原因）Heistooyoungtounderstandallthat.(表结果）IlldowhatIcan_you.A、helpB、tohelpC、helping(6).表语Myjobistohelpthepatient.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.不定式可以放在be动词后，形成表语。(7)与疑问词连用Hedidntknowwhattosay.(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语),B,不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，形成带疑问词的不定式。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whydosth.?Whynotdosth.?6、常见省to的结构：1）Whynot+do?2)hadbetter(not)dosth最好（不要）做某事3）Would/Willyouplease+do,四、有些动词后跟不定式和动词-ing形式意思有区别remembertodo记住要做某事；rememberdoing记得曾经做过某事forgettodo忘记要做某事forgetdoing忘记曾经做过某事stoptodo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止做某事goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing继续做原来在做的事,Irememberseeingyousomewherebefore.我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.离开时请记得关好灯。Iforgottotellheraboutit.我忘记告诉她这件事。Iforgottellingheraboutit.我忘记了曾把这件事告诉过她。,2.感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。Isawhimcomedownstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）Isawhimcomingdownstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）Iheardsomeonecallingme.Iheardmynamecalled.,五、Fillineachblankwiththeproperwordfromthebrackets:1.Mikewants_(go)toaparkonSunday.2.Theteacheroftentellsus_(notbe)late.3.Mybrotheristooyoung_(join)thearmy.4.Ittakesmeanhour_(do)myhomeworkeveryday.5.Doyouhaveanything_(say)?6.Hisparentsoftenmakehim_(do)alotofexercises.7.Hetooklessons_(learn)how_(sing).8.Mothertoldhim_(notplay)footballinthestreet.9.Imveryglad_(pass)theexam.10.Yourskirtisnice.Letme_(have)alook.,togo,nottobe,tojoin,todo,tosay,do,tolearn,tosing,nottoplay,toplay,have,HOMEWORK,11.Thestudentsweremade_(copy)thetextthreetimes.12.Youdbetter_(notgo)therebecauseitisdark.13.Ihavealotofhomework_(do)everyday.14.Thelittleboylikes_(answer)questions.15.Wouldyoulike_(join)us?16.Mr.Wangtaughtme_(play)basketball.17.Mywatchneeds_(repair).18.Ifinditimportant_(learn)Englishwell.19.Itisdifficult_(answer)thisquestion.20.YesterdayIsawtheaccident_(happen).,21.Theimportantthingis_(save)lives.22.Ioftenhelpmymother_(do)housework.23.WeoftenhearMary_(sing)inherroom.24.Wearetired.Letsstop_(have)arest.25.Itsverykindofyou_(think)somuchofus.26.Itseasyforme_(repair)thebike.