英语单词直接拼读.ppt

英语音标元音单元音：i:ieu:u:双元音：eiaiiuauieu辅音浊辅音：bdgvzdzlmnrjw清辅音：ptkfstsh,c在字母e，i，y前读/s/，如cell，city，cyst；其余情况下读/K/，如cat，club，code.g在字母e，i，y前读/，如gene，gin，gym；其余情况下读/g/，如beg,golf,game.s多数情况下读/s/，如six，desk，yes；有时读/z/，如is，his，visit(读/z/时可下画一条横线)。x处于两元音字母之间，且其后元音重读时，读/gz/，如exist；其余情况下读/ks/，如six,next,excuse.q读/k/,如Irq,NASDAQ(股票名);常与字母u用在一起,qu读/kw/,如quick,question.,辅音字母组合的读音规则ch,tch读/，如China,much；catch,matchph,gh读/f/，如photo,phonesh读/，如shape,she,short,fishth多数情况下读/，如three,third但有时读/,如that,than,with.(读/时可下画一线).wh在字母o前读/h/,如who,whom,whose(其中的字母o读/u:/)；其余情况下读/w/，如which，when，why.dg,dj读/，如judge，lodging；adjust,adjective.,n在和字母g构成字母组合时，以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前（如c,g,k等）读/。如：long,thing,length；uncle,zinc；angry,fingerdrink,think,thank.gu在元音前读/g/，如guess,guide,guest；在字母n后读/gw/，如language，distinguish，linguist.字母n因为处于/g/音前而读/.两个读同一个音的字母并列时,只读一个,如little,miss,hill,hobby；clock,neck,black；scene,science,scythe,excite,exceptaccording,accuse,occur.,元音字母在重读音节中的读音规则英语中有四类重读音节：闭音节，开音节，r音节，re音节。闭音节指以辅音字母结尾的音节。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重读闭音节中分别读/e/i/,如hand,help,lip,gym,hot,club.开音节指以元音字母、元音字母+哑e或一个辅音字母+哑e结尾的音节。后者也叫约定开音节.元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重读开音节中分别读/ei/i:/ai/u/ju:/(即读字母名称，但y读/ai/)。如：face,make,age;he,mete,see,eve;I,hi,by,bye,time,type;go,home,stone,toe;cube,tube,use.但字母u在字母j，l，r后，读/u:/,不读/ju:/，如June,blue,rule.,r音节在r音节中：ar读/:/,or读/:/,er,ir,yr,ur都读/:/。如：arm,far,start,large,Marx；or,for,cord,order；verb,her,serve；sir,first,dirty,circle,myrtle；hurt,nurse,return,murmur.注1双r前的音节，是闭音节，不是r音节。如：carry,marry,berry,mirror,sorry,hurry.注2在/w/音后，ar读/:/,如war,warm,warn；or读/:/,如：word,work,world,worse.re音节指元音字母与re结合而成的音节。在re音节中：are读/e/，ere读/i/，ire,yre读/ai/，ore读/:/,ure读/ju/。如：care,dare,rare,hare,prepare；here,mere,severe；fire,wire,tire,entire,tyre；more,fore,core,before；cure,pure,endure,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则a,o,u读/，如China,second,difficult.e,i,y读/i/,如result,victim,happy.ar,er,ir,or,ur,yr读/,如grammar,letter,circumference,doctor,murmur,martyr,persist,western,eastern.o,u处于词末时分别读/u/,/ju:/(即不弱化，按重读音节规则读)。如cargo,Negro；menu.u在多音节词中，紧邻重读音节时，读/ju/(即轻度弱化)。如：regular,popular,monument.a,i,y,u在多音节动词中，处于约定开音节结尾中，按重读音节读。如：isolate,advertise,analyse,substitute.y在多音节动词词末不弱化，读/ai/。如：satisfy,maltiply,occupy,元音字母组合的读音规则au,aw读/:/,如cause,aural,launch,sauce,law,dawn.eu,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如neutral,deuce；new,view,review.ou,ow读/au/,如house,loud；how,now,down.ai,ay读/ei/,如wait,aid；day,may.ei,ey读/ei/,如veil,weight；grey,they,conveyoi,oy读/i/,如choice,oil；boy,toy.ea,ee读/i:/,如eat,cheap；deep,need.ie,(c)ei读/i:/,如field,believe；receive,ceiling.,oa读/u/,如road,soap,boat.ue读/ju:/,如Tuesday,value,pursue.air,aer读/e/,如air,fair;aerial,aeroplane.ear,eer读/i/如ear,clear；beer,deer.our读/au/如our,sour,hour.oo1.读/u/:在字母k前（book,look,took）和在good,foot,stood,wood,wool及其派生词(goodness,football,woolen等)中读/u/。2.读/u:/:在其余情况下读/u:/,如:ol,food,loose,room,zoo.3.读/:在flood，blood及其派生词（flooding,bloodless等）中读/.igh读/ai/,如high,light,might,night.augh,ough读/:/,如daughter,caught,taught；ought,fought,thought。oul在could,should,would中读/u/。,几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则a在后缀-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中读/i/，如palace,comrade,village,accurate.e在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/,如cruel,open,student,silence,fluency.i在后缀-ible中读/,如possible.ai,ay,ei,ey在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如mountain,Friday,forfeit,valley.-ful读/ful/,如helpful,harmful,useful.-gue读/g/,如dialogue,catalogue.-que读/k/,如cheque,picturesque.-ous读/s/,如famous,generous,nervous.-our读/,如favour,honour,labour.-ure读/,如figure,injure.但在failure中读/j/.,-ow读/u/,如window,yellow,pillow.-ture读/,如picture,culture,furniture.-sure在元音字母后读/,如closure,exposure.在辅音字母后读/，如pressure,flexure(x=ks).-ion读/n/,如fashion,cushion.-tion读/n/如nation,production,solution.-stion读/sn/,如question,sugestion,digestion.-sion在元音字母后读/n/，如vsion,occasion,divsion；在辅音字母后读/n/，如discussion,impression,expansion.,-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi在字母a,e,o前读/，如：ocean；social；Asiapartial；Egyptian；suffcient；patient；prcious；Russian；anxious.-i在字母d,t,n,l后，且在元音字母前，读/j/。如：audience,frontier,opinion,familar.-ed（过去式后缀）在清辅音后读/t/,如：worked,jumped,missed.在浊辅音和元音后读/d/,如：robbed,begged；layed,studied.在字母d，t后读/id/,如：needed,plnted.-(e)s(名词或动词词尾)在清辅音后读/s/,如：desks,lamps,looks.在浊辅音和元音后读/z/,如：pigs,pens,plays,goes.在/,z,s/等音后读/iz/,如：urges,watches,wishes,rses,faces.,重读符号单音节词单读时都重读，不需要用重读符号标注。双音节词和多音节词中，有的音节是重读音节，有的则是非重读音节,重读音节就要用重读符号标注。有些单词中，除重读音节和非重读音节外，还有次重读音节，也需要用重读符号标注。在单词上直接标音时，重读符号（）标在重读音节的后上方（如reading）；次重音符号（）标在次重读音节的后下方（如engineer）。请注意：直接标音法的重读符号，还具有分音节的作用，如student和study，stu是开音节，而stud是闭音节，故字母u的读法不同,哑音符号(.)可用来指出不读音的字母。标注了这个符号的字母，读音时可视若其无，其余的字母仍按前述读音规则读音。不读音的辅音字母。例如：knife,lamb,autumn,write,psychology,pneumonia,exhibit,rhyme,whistle,listen,hour.不读音的元音字母。例如：heart,earn,learn,early,year,door,floor,roar,board,coarse,hoarse,four,pour,course,touch,country,friend,build,young,people,though,owe,eye.因强度弱化而不读音的元音字母。Eg:vital,final,shorten,lessen,level,channel,devil,civil,esson,cotton,certain,curtain,poisonous,different,interesting.哑e一般可以不用哑音符号，但容易引起混淆时仍需使用。Eg:amuseamusementshameshamedbecidebecides,提醒符号（）用于：1.提醒发浊音，2.提醒发音不符合前述读音规则3.提醒其读音标在单词后面,提醒s,th,x,f发浊音/z/,/,/gz/,/v/。例如：visit,his,is；that,with,further,gather；exist,exam;of.提醒在非重读音节中a，o，u不读/,而读/i/。例如：character,literature,temperature；hydrogen；minute.提醒e，i，y不读/i/，而读/。例如：cancel；April,holiday；analysis提醒在e，i，y前g不读/，而读/。例如：get,gift,give,girl,begin,forget,target.提醒该字母（组合）的读音用国际音标标注在单词后边。例如：machne/,chef/,grage/,regme/,fortune/,usual/,procedure/,soldier/,suite/w/,persuade/w/,dissuade/w/,clerk/:/,sew/u/,sewing/u/,suger/,sure/,busy/i/,busily/i/,bury/e/,burial/e/,one/wn/.,四类重读音节符号闭音节符号()：,(),分别读/e/i/。开音节符号()：a,e,i(y)，o，u分别读/ei/i:/ai/u/ju:/。r音节符号（）：ar读/:/,or读/:/,er,ir(yr),ur读/:/。re音节符号（）：are读/e/,ere读/i/,ire(yre)读/ai/,ore读/:/，ure/读/ju/.有时在非重读音节中元音不弱化，而按重读音节读,这时就要用到这些符号。例如：concpt,ctober,dulthotel,female,biologyexpert,corridor,suburbempire,atmosphere,softwareduration,environmenal,periodic,r音节和re音节容易混淆，有时要用r音节符号和re音节符号来区分。例如：vry,Amrica,mrit,frest,sprit;vary,hero,virus,oral,duringscarce,scarcely,scarcity有时开音节和闭音节需要用相应符号来区分。例如：gve,lve,hve；condtion,vsion,spcial,defcient；typist,spacing,stony,wholly,striking,ninth；change,strange,chamber；cold,bolt,roll,gross,most,both,only,control；find,mind,child,mild.字母e在re，ar，ir前有时读/e/，这时也可用闭音节符号标注。例如：whre,thre,war,tar,thir,几个直接标音符号用来标注元音的特殊读音。=/:/：sk,dnce,fter,bth,clm,clf,grss,chnce,demnd,enhnce,crft,drft,stff,fther,lst,pth,rther,plm,hlf,exmple,behlf,unt,lugh,lughter.=/i:/：lter,klo,antque,fatgue,marne,mosquto,routne,mgazne,automoble.=/u:/:flid,rin,frit,fritful,jice,crise,sit,rotine,group,wond,sop,rote,yoth,yothful=/u:/:d,und,t,tw,wh,whm,whse,mve,mvement,remve,remval,prve,imprve,imprvement,apprve,apprval,lse,she.u=/u/:bush,bullet,bulletin,butcher,cruel,cruelty,full,fully,fulfill,pull,pulley,push,put.o=/u/ondo,into,woman,wolf,contour,poor.=/i/:da,dal,recip,thorem,nglish,prtty,ra