人教新课标选修六 Unit 1 Art-Grammar.ppt

人教课标高二选修6Unit1,英语教学课件,虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood(I),GRAMMER语法,条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。,a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。,(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等。,二.if虚拟条件句的概念,由if引导的虚拟条件句叫作if虚拟条件句,三.ifSentenceStructureif虚拟条件句的结构,a.表示与现在事实相反的假设b.表示与过去事实相反的假设c.表示与将来事实相反的假设,虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1）表示与现在事实相反,例如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.如果我有空，我就去那儿。,Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould,IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.,IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.,IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.,Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping.,虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法2）与过去事实相反,例如：Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldnthavemissedthebus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。,Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,IfI_howtoswim,I_trappedinthisisland.,hadlearnt,wouldnothavebeen,a.IfTom_(be)morecarefulintheexam,he_(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_(get)upearlier,you_(catch)thefirsttrain.,hadbeen,wouldhavepassed,hadgot,wouldhavecaught,PRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.,c.IfI_(meet)youyesterday,we_(go)totheconcerttogether.,hadmet,wouldhavegone,虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法3）与将来事实可能相反,例如：Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.假如他看见我,就会认识我。,Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.,Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.,假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？,Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.,假如他看见我,就会认识我。,Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.,a.Ifthere_(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we_(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What_(happen)ifyou_(getup)toolatetomorrow?,shouldbe,shouldmake,wouldhappen,shouldgetup,PRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks,c.IfRobots_(control)theworldsomeday,here_(be)nofriendship.,weretocontrol,wouldbe,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.,Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.,虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法,2)if的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。例如：Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.,3)含蓄条件句与主句.即用without(butfor),or(else)代替if从句。例如：Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.Iftherehadntbeen/wehadntgothishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.,二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。,1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。,IwishIwereastallasyou.,IwishIwereabird.,Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.,Iwish/wishedIhadnteatensomuchwatermelon.,(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.,(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would/could动词原形”。,Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,e.g.我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,Itssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.,insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法,1.Sheinsistedthatshewasright.她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）2.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshouldnotstayinthehotel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。,2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.Isuggestedthattheteacherswages(should)beincreased.,3.Its(about/high)time+(that),should+V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatyouwent.Itstimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,(Should不可省略),asif/asthough,由asif(asthough)或eventhough(eventhough)引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had过去分词”。,Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.,(Buthedoesntownitorprobablydoesntownitorwedontknowwhetherheownsitornot.),ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshehadbeenthereherself.,他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。,HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.,注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.,4.wouldrather(that),现在：过去：将来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,关于虚拟语气辩析1,关于虚拟语气辩析2,关于虚拟语气辩析3,关于虚拟语气辩析4,关于虚拟语气辩析5,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had2.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything_.A.willdieB.woulddieC.wouldhavediedD.havedied,3.IwishthatI_withyoulastnight.A.couldhavegoneB.couldgoC.havegoneD.went,4.IfI_you,I_moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay,5.Iwishthatyou_suchabadheadachebecauseImsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.A.wouldnthaveB.didnthaveC.hadnthadD.haventhad,6.Whenastickispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasthoughit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.“Areyougoingtotheballtonight?”“Itstoolatenow.HowIwish_aboutitearlier!”A.IllknowB.IveknownC.IknowD.Idknown,8.Theguardofthemeetinginsistedthateverybody_therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey9.“Jacksbeenillforsomeweeks.”“Iknow.Iwish_seeadoctor.”A.heshouldB.hecanC.hellD.hecould,10.“Youshouldhavegonetothecinemawithusyesterday.Thefilmwasverygood.”“IwishI_yesterdayoff.Idhavegonewithyou.”A.havehadB.hadC.haveD.hadhad11.Itistimethatwe_thispractice.A.stopB.stoppedC.willstopD.havestopped,12.IwishI_ashealthyasmycousin.A.wereB.amC.wasD.willbe13.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.havebeenB.areC.wereD.hadbeen,句型练习(用IfIwereyou句型翻译下列句子),1.我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。4.