中考英语动词用法分类及相关练习

动词一般现在时表示现在的状态；表示经常性或习惯性的动作表示主语具备的性格和能力等时间标志词OFTEN,USUALLY,SOMETIMES,ALWAYS,NEVER,HARDLYEVER，EVERYDAY句式构成主语（非三单）动词原形否定主语（非三单）DONT动词原形主语（三单）动词第三人称单数否定主语（三单）DOESNT动词原形一般疑问句DO主语（非三单）动词原形DOES主语（三单）动词原形动词第三人称单数的构成1直接加SLOOKLOOKSREADREADSPLAYPLAYSSTOPSTOPS2在字母S,X,CH,SH,O后加ESWATCHWATCHESWASHWASHESGOGOESDODOES3辅音字母加Y结尾的动词去Y为I，再加ESCARRYCARRIESSTUDYSTUDIESCRYCRIES4特殊的HAVEHASBEIS现在进行时表示说话瞬间正在发生的动作。时间标志词NOW,ITS时刻，WHEREISSBLOOK,LISTEN等祈使句句式结构主语AM/IS/AREVING动词ING形式的构成1一般在动词原形后ING，2以不发音的E结尾的，去E，ING3重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这一字母ING4TIE、DIE、LIE改IE为YING过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或另一动作发生时正在进行中的动作。时间标志词过去的某一定点时刻（AT过去的时刻），THEN（ATTHATTIME）（那时，当时），ALL时间，“WHEN/WHILE/AS”等副词从句，ETC句式结构主语WAS/WEREVING否定句主语WASNT/WERENTVING疑问句WAS/WERE主语VING现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。时间标志词SINCE过去时刻或一般过去时从句FOR一段时间HOWLONG（疑问句中用来提问SINCE/FOR短语的）句式结构主语HAVE/HASBEENVING否定句主语HAVENT/HASNTBEENVING疑问句HAVE/HAS主语BEENVING一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或出现的状态。时间标志词YESTERDAY，YESTERDAYMORNINGAFTERNOON,EVENING，LASTNIGHTWEEK,MONTH,YEARTWODAYSAGO,AWEEKAGO,THREEYEARSAGO，IN1990,IN1998，JUSTNOW等。句式结构主语V过去式否定主语DIDNT动词原形疑问句DID主语动词原形动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种。规则动词1只要在动词词尾加上ED即可。具体方法是一般情况直接加，如CLEANCLEANED；2词尾是不发音字母E的，可只加上D，如LIKELIKED；3词尾为重读闭音节，结尾只有一个辅音字母的，应双写该辅音字母，再加上ED，如STOPSTOPPED；4词尾为辅音字母加Y的，应将Y改为I再加上ED，如STUDYSTUDIED5不规则动词有其自己的变化形式，只能分别记忆。一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,以及计划、安排、打算要做的事。句式构成1用现在进行时表一般将来时常有“意图”，“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”的含义。所用动词多是转移动词，如COME,GO,LEAVE等2、BEGOINGTO结构1主语的意图，即将做某事。2）计划，安排要发生的事。3）有迹象要发生的事陈述句主语AM/IS/AREGOINGTO动词原形。疑问句AM/IS/ARE主语GOINGTO动词原形否定句主语AMNOT/ISNT/ARENTGOINGTO动词原形3助动词SHALL/WILL动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用SHALL，当主语为第三人称时，用WILL，但主语为第一人称时，也用WILL肯定式主语SHALL/WILL动词原形其他否定式主语SHALL/WILLNOT动词原形其他疑问式SHALL/WILL主语动词原形其他简略回答YES,主语SHALL/WILL/NO,主语SHALL/WILLNOT缩写形式LLSHALL/WILLSHANTSHALLNOTWONTWILLNOT比较BEGOINGTO与WILL1当说话人在做一个预测时,他或她认为将来会发生或出现某种情况,WILL和BEGOINGTO都是可以用的2表达一种事先计划或打算时说话人打算在将来做某事因为在过去他或她已制定了一个计划或决定去做这件事,只能用BEGOINGTO3表达意愿时,只能用WILL4在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用BEGOINGTO,而多用WILL一般将来时常见的标志词1含TOMORROWNEXT短语2IN段时间3HOWSOON4BY将来时间5祈使句句型中OR/ANDSBWILLDO例BEQUICK,ORYOUWILLBELATEIFYOUDONTBEQUICK,YOUWILLBELATE6在时间/条件状语从句中,如果从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时现在完成时1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来时间标志词1ALREADY（已经）,JUST（刚刚）,NEVER（从未/从没有）,EVER（曾经）,YET（仍然/还）,BEFORE（以前（句尾时）2SINCE点时刻或从句FOR段时间HOWLONG（疑问句中用来提问SINCE/FOR短语的）3SOFAR；TILLNOW；BYNOW（到目前为止；迄今）4RECENTLY近来，INTHEPAST/LAST段时间在过去的几年中5ONCE一次，TWICE,THREEFOURTIMES句式构成主语HAVE/HASV过去分词否定主语HAVENT/HASNTV过去分词疑问句HAVE/HAS主语V过去分词动词的过去分词分为规则动词和不规则动词两种规则动词构成同过去式，不规则动词有其自己的变化形式，只能分别记忆动词的四种形式1动词的原形DO2动词第三人称单数DOES3动词ING形式现在分词（DOING）动名词4动词的过去式DID5动词的过去分词DONE6动词的不定式TODO非谓语动词动词的ING1在进行时态中。如1HEISWATCHINGTVINTHEROOM2THEYWEREDANCINGATNINEOCLOCKLASTNIGHT2在THEREBE结构中。如THEREISABOYSWIMMINGINTHERIVER3在HAVEFUN/PROBLEMS结构中。如WEHAVEFUNLEARNINGENGLISHTHISTERMTHEYHADPROBLEMSGETTINGTOTHETOPOFTHEMOUNTAIN4在介词后面。如THANKSFORHELPINGMEAREYOUGOODATPLAYINGBASKETBALLWHAT/HOWABOUTDOINGSTH做某事怎么样IAMINTERESTEDINPLAYINGFOOTBALL5在以下结构中1ENJOYDOINGSTH喜欢做某事2FINISHDOINGSTH完成做某事；3FEELLIKEDOINGSTH想要做某事；4STOPDOINGSTH停止做某事（原来的事）5FORGETDOINGSTH忘记做过某事；（6）GOONDOINGSTH继续做某事（原来的事）；7REMEMBERDOINGSTH记得做过某事；8LIKEDOINGSTH喜欢做某事9MINDDOINGSTH介意做某事10FIND/SEE/HEAR/WATCHSBDOINGSTH发现/看到/听到/观看某人做11PRACTICEDOINGSTH练习做某事；12BEBUSYDOINGSTH忙于做某事；13CANTHELPDOINGSTH禁不住做某事14KEEPDOINGSTH始终/一直做15SPENDINDOINGSTH花做某事16HAVEAGOOD/WONDERFUL/GREATTIMEDOINGSTHHAVEFUNDOINGSTH做某事很快乐17HAVEAHARD/DIFFICULTTIMEDOINGSTH费力地做某事，做某事处于困难之中18MAKEALIVINGBYDOINGSTH做某事来谋生19“DOSOMEDOING”短语如DOSOMESHOPPING/DOSOMEWASHING/DOSOMEREADING/DOSOMEPRACTICING/DOSOMECLEANING/DOSOMESPEAKING20“GODOING”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）如GOSHOPPING/GOFISHING/GOSWIMMING/GOHIKING/GOSKATING/GOCAMPING/GOSKIING（滑雪/GOBOATING/GOHUNTING打猎21CONSIDERDOINGSTH考虑做某事6动名词作主语常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结固定用法非谓语动词以下是带TO的动词不定式常见搭配1希望做某事HOPETODOSTH2决定做某事DECIDETODOSTH3同意做某事AGREETODOSTH4需要某人做某事NEEDTODOSTH5使用某物做某事USESTHTODOSTH6迫不及待做某事CANTWAITTODO7准备做某事GET/BEREADYTODO8尽力/努力做某事9TRYTODOSTH10计划做某事PLANTODOSTH11教某人做某事TEACHSBTODOSTH12轮流做某事TAKEONESTURNSTODOSTH13拒绝做某事REFUSETODOSTH14告诉某人做某事TELLSBTODOSTH15请某人做某事ASK/INVITESBTODOSTH16希望某人做某事WISHSBTODOSTH17想要某人做某事WANT/WOULDLIKESBTODOSTH18同意某人做某事AGREESBTODOSTH19不得不HAVETODO20喜欢/想要某人做某事LIKESBTODOSTH21帮助某人做某事HELPSBTODOSTH/HELPSBDO22鼓励某人做ENCOURAGESBTODOITSTIMEFORSBTODOSTH是某人做某事时候了例句ITSTIMEFORMETOGOHOMEITSADJFOR/OFSBTODOSTH对于某人来说做某事是（当ADJ是表示性格、品德的形容词时用OF）例句ITISEASYFORMETOLEARNITWELLITISVERYKIND/FOOLISH/NICEOFYOUTODOSOITTAKESSBSOMETIMETODOSTH某人做某事花了某时间例句1ITTAKESMEANHOURTOGETTOSCHOOLBYBIKE2ITTOOKMEANHOURTOWATCHTVLASTNIGHT3ITWILLTAKEHERTWOWEEKSTOFINISHTHEWORKTOOADJ/ADVTODOSTH太而不能例HEWASTOANGRYTOSAYAWORDFIND/THINK/FEELITADJTODOSTH发现/认为/感到做某事是例IFIND/THINK/FEELITHARDTOLEARNENGLISHWELL序数词TODO第个做某事例句WHOISTHEFIRSTTOGETTHEREBEADJTODOSTH例句IAMVERYSORRYTOHEARTHATIAMREADYTOHELPOTHERSIAMHAPPY/PLEASED/GLADTOMEETYOU疑问词TODOSTHIDONTKNOWWHATTODO顺口溜本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用IT，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把TO甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加FORSB；TO前NOT是否定，各种用法区别开。以下是不带TO的动词不定式即动词原形的常见用法LETSBDOSTH让某人做某事MAKESBDOSTH使得某人做某事HEARSBSTHDOSTH听见某人做某事SEESBSTHDOSTH看见某人做某事WHYNOT或WHYDONTYOU动词原形为什么不（表示建议）例WHYNOT/WHYDONTYOUTAKEAWALK某人HADBETTERNOTDO某人最好不做某事情态动词CAN/MAY/MUST/SHOULD动词原形（包括情态动词的否定形式动词原形）助动词DO/DOES/DID/WILL/WOULD在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即DONT/DOESNT/DIDNT/WILLNOT/WOULDNOT动词原形BEGOINGTO动词原形（表示“即将”“打算”做某事）用所给动词的适当形式填空1MOTHER_WATCHTVEVERYEVENING2WE_TALKWHENTHETEACHERCAMEIN3HE_GOTOBEIJINGTWODAYSAGO4HE_LEAVECHENGDUINTWODAYS5LOOKTHEBOY_PLAYFOOTBALLONTHEPLAYGROUND6MYUNCLE_LIVEHEREFORTENYEARS7HEOFTENHELPSTHEOLDWOMAN_CARRYWATER8WOULDYOULIKETOMAKEACONTRIBUTIONTO_IMPROVEOURLIVINGCONDITIONS9DONTFORGET_TURNOFFTHELIGHTSBEFOREYOUGOOUT10PLEASELETTHEGIRLS_GOFIRST11THEYHADGREATFUN_PLAYFOOTBALLTHISAFTERNOON12DOYOUENJOY_WATCHTV13WOULDYOULIKE_HAVEACUPOFTEA14YOUCAN_GOTHERETOMORROW15WOULDYOUMINDMY_OPENTHEDOOR16PLEASEASKHIM_SPEAKMORELOUDLY17ILLGOFISHINGIFIT_BEFINETOMORROW18HESAIDHISGRANDPA_BEDEADFORTENYEARS19TELLTHECHILDREN_NOTPLAYINTHESTREET20MRZHUSPENTMUCHTIME_HELPMEWITHMYENGLISH21ILLTELLYOUASSOONASHE_COMEBACK22EACHOFUS_WANTTOGOTOCOLLEGE23THANKYOUFOR_HELPME24THETEACHERTOLDUSTHEEARTH_GOROUNDTHESUN25MYFATHERISGOODAT_FISH26ACOW_EATGRASSBUTGIVESMILK27THETEACHERSTOPPED_TALKTOUSWHENWEWENTINTOTHEOFFICE28ISAWHER_COOKWHENIGOTHOME29LOOKAWOMANWITHTWOCHILDREN_BECOMINGTOWARDSUS30HISFAMILY_NOTBIG,BUTTHEFAMILY_BEINTERESTEDINMUSIC31TWOMONTHS_BEQUITEALONGTIME32HEASKEDIFTOM_COMEINTWODAYS33ONEOFOURTEACHERS_BEAFOREIGNER34THEGREENS_HAVEBEENTOTHEGREATWALLTWICE35HEISPRACTICING_SPEAKENGLISHWITHMRGREEN36THISPAIROFGLASSES_MINETHEGLASSESONTHETABLE_HISBE37THERE_ANAPPLE,APEARANDSOMEBANANASONTHETABLEBE38_READINBED_BEBADYOUREYES39HELLO,JIMI_NOTKNOWYOUWEINCHENGDUI_TELLYOUWERESTILLINLONDON41HELEFTTHEROOMWITHOUT_SAYGOODBYE42THEROOMISDIRTYI_CLEANITINAMINUTE43MARY_SINGTHREESONGSALREADYLETHERHAVEAREST44ITISLATEATNIGHTDAD_STILL_WORKATTHEDESK45TELLROBERTTOTURNOFFTHELIGHTSBEFOREHE_GOOUT46HEPUTONHISCLOTHESAND_HURRYTOSCHOOLWITHOUTBREAKFAST47HE_FALLAND_HITHISLEGONATABLETHATDAY48SHE_BETHERETWICEALREADY49WHATTIME_JIM_GETUPEVERYDAY50LOOKTOM_MENDTHECAROVERTHERE51YOU_NOTSWEEPTHEFLOORYESTERDAY52_HOLDONAMINUTE,PLEASEI_LOOKFORAPIECEOFPAPERNOW53IFYOU_SPEAKTOOLOUDLYINPUBLICPLACES,OTHERPEOPLE_NOTBEPLEASED54“THELIGHTINTHECLASSROOM_BEON”“OH,SORRY,IFORGOT_TURNITOFF”55“HOWABOUT_TAKEASHORTREST”“SORRY,IFEELLIKE_WATCHTVAFTERSUPPER”56_NOTWORRYHELLCOMEBACKSOON57_FEBRUARYUSUALLY_HAVE28DAYS58_YOU_WAITFORABUSNOW59WE_NOTGOCLIMBINGTHEHILLSIFITRAINSTOMORROW60THEBESTTIME_PLANTTREESISINSPRING61SATELLITESAREUSEDFOR_LEARNMOREABOUTTHEEARTH62HEFINISHES_WASHATEIGHTOCLOCKINTHEEVENING63YOUVEWORKEDFOR4HOURSPLEASESTOP_HAVEAREST64SHEOFTENMAKESUS_DOALOTOFHOMEWORKAFTERSCHOOL65MOTHERALWAYSTELLME_NOTREADINBED66THEYASKEDTHEHEADMASTER_SPEAKATTHEMEETING67_SMOKETOOMUCHISBADFORYOURHEALTH68TOMMADETHEBABY_LAUGH69THANKYOUFOR_COMETOSEEME70IHADAHARDTIME_STUDYENGLISHLASTTERM选择填空1MUSTITURNOFFTHELIGHTNOWNO,YOU_ANEEDNTBMUSTNTCCANT2OURTEACHERTOLDUSTHESUN_INTHEEASTAROSEBRISESCISRISING3HE_BACKINAMONTHAWILLCOMEBCOMECCAME4I_HIMBEFOREAMETBHADMETCHAVEMET5THETEACHER_TOJAPANTHISYEARSHESNOWTELLINGHERPUPILSABOUTITAWENTBHASBEENCHASGONE6IT_HARDWHENIGOTHOMEYESTERDAYARAINEDBISRAININGCWASRAINING7WHYNOT_AGAINATOTRYBTRYCTRYING8HEHASFINISHED_THELETTERAWRITINGBTOWRITECWROTE9IT_EVERYNIGHTAHAPPENSBISHAPPENEDCHAPPENED10THEPOLICEMANTOLDTHECHILDREN_INTHESTREETANOTPLAYBNOTTOPLAYCDONTPLAY11THEBOXISTOOHEAVYFORME_ATOCARRYITBTOCARRYCCARRYINGIT12STOP_ANDLISTENTOTHETEACHERATOREADBREADCREADING13HEISSTILLLOOKINGFORAHOUSE_ATOLIVEBTOLIVEINCTOLIVEINIT14IHEARDHER_WHENIPASSEDHERROOMJUSTNOWASINGBSINGINGCTOSING15MAYIGOWITHYOUNO,YOU_AMAYNOTBCANNOTCMUSTNT16THEREARESOME_INTHERIVERAAIRBFISHCWATER17SHEEP_WHITEANDMILK_WHITE,TOOAISISBISARECAREIS18THECLASS_GOINGTOSEEAFILMTHISAFTERNOONAAMBISCARE19THATPAIROFSKATES_UNDERTHEBEDAAREBISCWAS20THREEYEARS_QUITEALONGTIMEAISBARECWERE21THECLOTHESAREMINEYOURS_UNDERTHEBEDAISBARECWERE22THERE_ALOTOFNEWSINTODAYSNEWSPAPERAISBARECWERE23CANYOUANSWERTHISQUESTIONINENGLISHNO,I_ANEEDNTBMUSTNTCMAYNOTDCANT24THETEACHERWANTEDUS_EXERCISE1,BUTYOULETME_EXERCISE2ATODO,DOBTODO,TODOCDO,TODODDO,DO25MISSGREENSAWAWALLET_ONTHEGROUNDWHENSHEWALKEDPASTTHESCHOOLGATEALIEBLYINGCLIESDTOLIE26WHATHAVEYOUDONE_THEMILKIVEJUST_ITAWITH,EATENBFOR,EATENCWITH,DRUNKDFOR,DRUNK27THERADIO_ITWILLGETWARMERLATERASAYSBSPEAKSCTALKSDTELLS28YOUMUSTBEVERYTIREDWHYNOT_ARESTASTOPHAVINGBSTOPTOHAVECTOSTOPHAVINGDTOSTOPTOHAVE29LIPINGISYOUNG,BUTHE_MANYPLACESOFINTERESTINSOUTHCHINAAWENTTOBHASBEENINCHASGONETODHASBEENTO30MOTHERTOLDME_INTHESUNANOTREADBDONTREADCREADNOTDNOTTOREAD31DOYOUOFTENSEEHER_VOLLEYBALLONTHEPLAYGROUNDAPLAYBPLAYEDCPLAYSDTOPLAY32ALICEDIDNTHEARWHATTHETEACHERSAIDJUSTNOW,SOSHEDOESNTKNOWHOW_THEPROBLEMADOBDIDCTODODDOING33WHENTHELITTLEBOY_SOMEONECOMINGUPSTAIRS,HESTOPPED_AHEARDCRYINGBLISTENEDTOCRYCHEARDTOCRYDLISTENEDCRY34I_MYRULERATHOMECANIUSEYOURS,PLEASEAFORGOTBHAVEFORGOTTENCLEFTDHAVELEFT35JIM_THEGOODNEWSTOHISCLASSMATESTHISMORNINGASPOKEBTOLDCSAIDDTALKED36“IVEFINISHEDMYHOMEWORK”“WHEN_YOU_IT”AHAVEFINISHEDBDOFINISHCDIDFINISHDWILLFINISH37JUDY_THEGREATWALLTWICE,ANDNOWSHESTILL_TOGOTHEREAWENTTOWANTEDBGOESTOWANTSCHASGONETOWANTSDHASBEENTOWANTS38THEYUSUALLY_TVINTHEEVENINGAWATCHBWILLWATCHCAREWATCHINGDWATCHES39THECHILD_CRYINGWHENHESAWHISMOTHERASTOPBSTOPSCSTOPPEDDSTOPP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