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原稿INTRODUCTIONITCNOTFOREIGNENTERPRISESHOLDANYHOSTILITYVICECHAIRMANOFTHEUSINTERNATIONALTRADECOMMISSIONITCDEANNATANNER,OKUNINTERVIEWFOREIGNTADEFORCHINESECOMPANIES,THEUSINTERNATIONALTRADECOMMISSIONITCISSTILLRELATIVELYUNKNOWNECONOMICANDTRADEFIELDS,KNOWNFORCHINESEENTERPRISES,THEMINISTRYOFCOMMERCEITCWHATARETHEDIFFERENCESINTHEIRFUNCTIONSDEANNATANNEROKUNSTATESINTERNATIONALTRADECOMMISSIONITCISASETUPBYCONGRESS,QUASIJUDICIALFEDERALAGENCYWITHEXTENSIVEPOWERSTODEALWITHTRADERELATEDISSUESINTHEUS,HASTHEPOWERINSTITUTIONSDEALINGWITHTRADERELATEDMATTERSINADDITIONTOTHEITCTHEUSCOMMERCEDEPARTMENTPERFORMTHEIRDUTIESINTHECOURSEOFTHEINVESTIGATIONOFTHEANTIDUMPINGANDINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTSINFRINGEMENT,THEDISPLAYCANINECONOMYANDTRADE,SPECIFICALLY,THEDUTIESOFTHEUSDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCEFINDSTHATCONSTITUTEDUMPINGANDDUMPINGMARGIN,ITCISMAINLYSURVEYDUMPINGTOTHEDETRIMENTOFDOMESTICFIRMSINTHEUNITEDSTATESINADDITIONITCISAQUASIJUDICIALBODY,INDEPENDENTOFTHEGOVERNMENT,SPECIALIZEDAGENCIES,ANDTRADEFORTHEUSGOVERNMENTTOPROVIDEADVICEANDSTATISTICSTOTAKEMEASURESTOMAINTAINTHEGENERALMARKETRELATIONSINTHEUNITEDSTATESFORUNFAIRTRADEPRACTICESTHATIS,THEITCSMAINFUNCTIONSINCLUDETHREEPARTSMANAGEMENTOFUSTRADEREMEDYLAWSFAIRANDOBJECTIVEMANNERTARIFFS,INTERNATIONALTRADEANDCOMPETITIONISSUESTOTHEPRESIDENT,THEUNITEDSTATESTRADEREPRESENTATIVEUSTRANDCONGRESSTOPROVIDEINDEPENDENT,HIGHQUALITYINFORMATIONANDSUPPORTMAINTAININGTHEUSHARMONIZEDTARIFFSCHEDULEBASEDONTHEABOVEMENTIONEDFUNCTIONSITCSIXMEMBERSDESIGNATEDBYTHEPRESIDENTANDTHESENATERECOGNIZEDTHEADDITIONWASDESIGNATEDTOFILLTHEUNEXPIREDVACANCY,THEAPPOINTMENTTERMOFNINEYEARSTHETERMOFOFFICEBYTHECONSTITUTION,THEPROVISIONSOFTHESTAGGEREDCALCULATEDEVERY18MONTHS,HAVEDIFFERENTMEMBERSHAVERETIREDMEMBERSOFTHEOFFICEFORMORETHANFIVEYEARSMAYNOTAGAINBESPECIFIEDNOMORETHANTHREEMEMBERSFROMTHESAMEPOLITICALPARTYCHAIRMANANDVICECHAIRMANAPPOINTEDBYTHEPRESIDENTFORATERMOFTHESTATUTORYTWOYEARSTHEPRESIDENTSHALLNOTFORMERPRESIDENTFROMTHESAMEPOLITICALPARTYTHEPRESIDENTSHALLAPPOINTTWOMEMBERSFROMTHESAMEPOLITICALPARTYASCHAIRANDVICECHAIRMANFOREIGNTADETHEN,THEITCISHOWTOPERFORMITSFUNCTIONSFORNATIONALSERVICEDEANNATANNEROKUNITCAREFIVEWAYSTOCARRYOUTITSFUNCTIONSTOSERVETHECOUNTRYIMPORTINJURYINVESTIGATION,INCLUDINGDETERMININGTHEIMPORTOFSOMEKINDOFUNFAIRTRADEANTIDUMPINGORCOUNTERVAILINGDUTYINVESTIGATIONSANDTHEINCREASEINIMPORTSGLOBALANDBILATERALSECURITYMEASURESFORTHEINVESTIGATIONTOCAUSEDAMAGEORATHREATOFMATERIALINJURYTOUSINDUSTRYIPRELATEDIMPORTSOFINVESTIGATION,INCLUDINGTHEGUIDETOSEX,TOOBEYTHEPRESIDENTSOBJECTIONSAGAINSTCERTAINUNFAIRPRACTICESINTHEIMPORTTRADE,SUCHASPATENTORTRADEMARKINFRINGEMENTINVESTIGATIONPROCEDURES,INCLUDINGANOBJECTIVEANALYSISOFTHEMAJORTRADERELATEDISSUESTOPREDICTTHEECONOMICIMPACTOFTRADEAGREEMENTSANALYSISOFTHESPECIFICCOMPETITIONINTHEINDUSTRY,ANDTOFINDWITHINTHEINDUSTRYANDEXTERNALECONOMICFACTORSTHATAFFECTTHEINDUSTRYCOMPETITIVETRADEINFORMATIONSERVICESTOTHEITC,CONGRESSANDTHEIMPLEMENTINGAGENCIESANDTHEPUBLICDELIVERYOFRELIABLEANDTIMELYINFORMATIONANDANALYSISOFDATATHROUGHTHISSERVICETRADEPOLICYSUPPORTITCSTAFFTOPROVIDEDIRECTTECHNICALSUPPORTTOTHEUSTR,CONGRESSIONALCOMMITTEES,INTERDEPARTMENTALCOMMITTEE,ANDTHEUSDELEGATIONINMULTILATERALTRADEORGANIZATIONSSUCHASTHEWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONWTOAUTHORIZATIONBASEDONFIELDSURVEYSITCTOEXERCISETHEPOWERSOFTHEEXTENSIVEINVESTIGATIONOFTRADERELATEDISSUESTHERIGHTTOEXERCISEJUDGMENT,THEITCTOMAKEADECISIONINRESPECTOFCERTAINUNFAIRTRADEPRACTICESTHROUGHRESEARCHITCALSOBECOMETHESOURCEOFANATIONALTRADEDATACOLLECTIONANDANALYSIS,ANDINFORMATIONANDANALYSISAVAILABLETOTHEIMPLEMENTINGAGENCIESANDCONGRESSTOHELPTHEMTOSPECIFYANDDEVELOPUSTRADEPOLICYFOREIGNTADEARTICLESUNDERSTAND,IMPORTINJURYINVESTIGATION,ANTIDUMPING/COUNTERVAILINGDUTYINVESTIGATIONSTHEFIVEYEARSUNSETREVIEWOFGLOBALSECURITYMEASURESTOINVESTIGATE,ANDIPRELATEDIMPORTSINVESTIGATIONTHEITCOFTENCONDUCTEDSEVERALMAJORINVESTIGATIONSCOULDYOUTALKABOUTTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEMDEANNATANNEROKUNIMPORTINJURYINVESTIGATIONITCRESERVESTHERIGHTTODECIDEBASEDONWHETHERTHEUSTRADELAWIMPORTEDPRODUCTSCAUSEDAMAGETORELATEDINDUSTRIESFORTHEUNITEDSTATES,ORATHREATOFINJURYITCSINJURYINVESTIGATIONINTOTHE13ANTIDUMPINGANDCOUNTERVAILINGDUTYINVESTIGATIONSANDINACCORDANCEWITHCHAPTERVIIOFTHE1930TARIFFACTFIVEYEARSUNSETREVIEWGLOBALSECURITYMEASURESUNDERTHE1974TRADEACTDISCLAIMER,CHINESESECURITYMEASURESMARKETDISRUPTIONINVESTIGATIONACCORDINGTOTHE1994NORTHAMERICANFREETRADEAGREEMENTNAFTA,BILATERALSECURITYMEASURESTOINVESTIGATETHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFACT302ANDASURVEYCONDUCTEDINACCORDANCEWITHSECTION22OFTHEAGRICULTURALADJUSTMENTACTMEMBERSACCORDINGTOTHEFACTSRECORDEDINTHERELEVANTLEGALREQUIREMENTSANDEACHSURVEYTOSURVEYINTOELDAMAGEADECISIONONITSVIEWINTOELDAMAGESURVEYANNOUNCEDANDSUBJECTTOJUDICIALREVIEWINEACHINVESTIGATION,THEITCANDINVESTIGATIONTEAMINCLUDINGANOVERSIGHTINVESTIGATOROFANINVESTIGATOR,ANACCOUNTANTORAUDITORANECONOMIST,ABUSINESSANALYSTANDALAWYERPRODUCEDACOMPLETETHESURVEYOFTHEDOMESTICINDUSTRYCOMPETITIVEMARKETCONDITIONSREPORTCOMMITTEEMEMBERSANDTHERESEARCHTEAMUSINGAVARIETYOFFACTGATHERINGTECHNIQUES,INCLUDINGBUTARENOTLIMITEDTOINDUSTRYSPECIFICQUESTIONNAIRES,TELEPHONEINTERVIEWS,FACTORYVISITS,TECHNICALANDMARKETEXPERTSADVICE,STATEMENTSBYTHEPARTIES,THEPUBLICHEARING,ANDTOREVIEWTHEINDUSTRYANDMARKETLITERATUREINEACHSURVEY,THESURVEYTEAMTOCOLLECTANDANALYZEAWIDERANGEOFDATA,THENANOBJECTIVEANDCOMPREHENSIVEREPORTSUBMITTEDTOTHEITCTHEDATAINTHEREPORTINCLUDEBUTARENOTLIMITEDTOINDUSTRYPRODUCTIONCAPACITY,ACTUALPRODUCTION,CAPACITYUTILIZATION,DOMESTICELGOODS,STOCKS,IMPORTS,THEUNITEDSTATESANDFOREIGNSUPPLIERBYTHESHAREOFUSMARKETSHARE,LABORCONDITIONS,WORKINGHOURS,PRODUCTIVITY,WAGES,PAIDTOTALCOMPENSATION,UNITLABORCOST,PRICING,DISTRIBUTIONCHANNELS,ANDRELATEDINDUSTRIESINTHEUNITEDSTATESFINANCIALDATASOMEFOREIGNPRODUCTIONOFRELATEDPRODUCTSINDUSTRYDATACOLLECTIONANDANALYSISITCMEMBERSANDOFFICIALSOFTHEUSDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE,THEUSCUSTOMSSERVICE,SURVEYCLIENTSANDTHEIRLAWYERS,THEPERSONINCHARGEOFTHEUSPRODUCTIONCOMPANY,IMPORTER,PRODUCTBUYERSSUCHASWORKINGTOGETHERINTHECOURSEOFTHEINVESTIGATIONINTOELDAMAGEINADDITION,MEMBERSOFCONGRESSOFTENTHROUGHTHEHEARINGPARTICIPATINGDAMAGETOTHEIRVIEWSANDPERSPECTIVESTOTHESURVEYREPORTIN2003MEMBERSOFCONGRESSONTHEIMPORTATIONMATTERSRELATEDTOTHEINVESTIGATIONOFLDAMAGEAPPEARED51TIMESINTHEITCSECOND,THEANTIDUMPING/COUNTERVAILINGDUTYINVESTIGATIONSANDFIVEYEARSUNSETREVIEW1930UNDERCHAPTERVIIOFTHETARIFFACTOFTHEUSINDUSTRYINTHEUSMARKETATLESSTHANFAIRVALUEINTO13SALESDUMPINGORBENEFITFROMFOREIGNGOVERNMENTSUBSIDIESSUBSIDIESTOREQUESTTHEGOVERNMENTFORRELIEFDUMPINGANDSUBSIDIESARECONSIDEREDTOBEUNFAIRTRADEPRACTICESUNDERTHELAW,THEUSDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCEDECIDEDTODUMPORSUBSIDIESEXIST,IFITEXISTS,THEAMOUNTOFDUMPINGANDSUBSIDIESITCDECIDEDTODUMPINGORSUBSIDIESFORIMPORTEDPRODUCTSISTHEUSINDUSTRYTOCAUSESUBSTANTIALDAMAGEORSUBSTANTIALDAMAGETOTHETHREATIFTHETWOBODIESONTHEIRRESPECTIVEPROBLEMSHAVETOGIVEAPOSITIVEFINALRULING,THECOMMERCEDEPARTMENTWILLDUMPRELEASEDTHECOMMANDOFANTIDUMPINGDUTYORDERORSUBSIDIESCOUNTERVAILINGDUTIESINTHEFIVEYEARSAFTERTHEPROMULGATIONOFTHECOMMERCEDEPARTMENTSHOULDCANCELTHEANTIDUMPINGORCOUNTERVAILINGDUTYIMPOSEDORDERORTERMINATIONOFTHEMORATORIUM,UNLESSTHECOMMERCEDEPARTMENTTHATTHEELIMINATIONOFTARIFFSIMPOSEDORDERORTERMINATIONOFTHEMORATORIUMCOULDLEADTOTHECONTINUATIONORRESUMPTIONOFDUMPINGORSUBSIDIESITCATTHESAMETIMETHATTHEELIMINATIONOFTARIFFSIMPOSEDORDERORTERMINATIONOFDUMPINGORSUBSIDIESTOSUSPENDTHEAGREEMENTINTHEREASONABLYFORESEEABLEPERIODOFTIMEISLIKELYTOCONTINUEORSTARTAGAININ200341UNDERCHAPTERVIIOFTHEREQUESTISPUTFORWARDMOSTOFWHICHAREDUMPING41,35THESEREQUESTSINCLUDEAWIDERANGEOFPRODUCTS,SUCHASMALLEABLEIRONPIPEFITTINGS,MEMORY,MEMORYMODULE,REFINEDBROWNALUMINUMOXIDE,CERAMICRADIOCYLINDRICALINSULATOR,PRESTRESSEDCEMENTWIREROPE,FLUORESCENTPALERUSTINHIBITORS,WATERMAGNETICCUTOUTS,COLORTELEVISIONRECEIVERS,WAX/RESINTRANSFERZONE,ETHYLENERETAILBAG,TRAHYDROFURFURYLALCOHOL,HOTCOATHANGER,ELECTROLYTICMANGANESEDIOXIDE,TRANSPARENTRECTANGULARTUBEITCHASALSOCOMPLETEDA2002CASESTHIRD,THEGLOBALSECURITYMEASURESSURVEYACCORDINGTOTHE1974TRADEACT201,IMPORTEDPRODUCTSCAUSESERIOUSHARMORSERIOUSTHREATOFINJURY,THEDOMESTICINDUSTRYCANBEBROUGHTTOTHEITCTOREDUCEIMPORTS201DIDNOTLIKETHEANTIDUMPING/COUNTERVAILINGDUTYPROVISIONSOFTHETARIFFACT,ASTHEREQUIREMENTSTOIDENTIFYTHEEXISTENCEOFUNFAIRTRADEBEHAVIORIFTHEITC201INVESTIGATION,APOSITIVEDECISION,ITWILLRECOMMENDTOTHEPRESIDENTTOREDUCEIMPORTSTOCOMPENSATEFORTHEDAMAGE,EASYTOADJUSTTHEDOMESTICINDUSTRYAGAINSTIMPORTCOMPETITIONTHEPRESIDENTULTIMATELYDECIDEWHETHERTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHERELIEF,ANDRELIEFAMONGTHEM,2003,THEITCPROPOSEDTHREEMEASURESAGAINSTCHINATHEYINCLUDESTEELPIPEHANGERS,BRAKEDRUMSANDROTARYAXIS,ANDANEXTENSIONOFTHEIRONSPRINKLERSTHESEAREBASEDONUSCHINARELATIONSACT2000WILLBE421TOJOINTHETRADEACTOF1974THESIMULTANEOUSIMPLEMENTATIONOFCHINASACCESSIONTOTHETERMSOFTHEBILATERALSECURITYMEASURESFORTHESINOUSAGREEMENTINTHEWTOTRANSITIONPERIOD,ITISALSOKNOWNASSAFETYMEASURESINVESTIGATIONACCORDINGTOTHETERMSOFTHEITCFOUNDTHATIMPORTSTOTHEUNITEDSTATES,CHINAPRODUCTSREACHTHENUMBERLISTEDTOINCREASEORCAUSEORTHREATOFMARKETDISRUPTIONRELATEDANDSIMILARCOMPETITIVEPRODUCTSTOMEETTHECONDITIONSSETOUT,DOMESTICPRODUCERSGETRELIEFGLOBALSECURITYMEASURESTOINVESTIGATE,IFTHEITCTOMAKEAPOSITIVEDECISION,ITWILLPROPOSETOTHEPRESIDENTRELIEFPROPOSALTHEPRESIDENTMADEAFINALDECISIONONWHETHERTOPROVIDERELIEFTOTHEAMERICANINDUSTRY,IFPROVIDED,DETERMINETHETYPESANDDURATIONOFRELIEFFOURTH,INTELLECTUALPROPERTYRELATEDIMPORTSINVESTIGATIONACCORDINGTOTHE1930TARIFFACT337,THEITCCONDUCTEDASURVEYOFSOMEOFTHEINEQUITABLECONDUCTRAISEDTHEIMPORTTRADETHEMAJORITYOFCOMPLAINTSUNDERTHECLAUSEAMOUNTSPATENTORTRADEMARKINFRINGEMENTCASESFOREIGNTADEINRECENTYEARSCHINESEENTERPRISESINTHEUNITEDSTATESREPEATEDLYSUBJECTEDTOANTIDUMPINGANDINTELLECTUALPROPERTYINVESTIGATIONS,WHETHERTOTALKWITHCHINESEENTERPRISES,THEINVESTIGATIONDEANNATANNEROKUNTHE337PROGRAMSURVEYSTYPICALLYINCLUDECOMPLEXFACTUALANDLEGALDECISIONSIN2003ITCHASPROPOSEDTHREEMEASURESAGAINSTCHINAMEANWHILE,THENUMBEROF337INVESTIGATIONSISINCREASINGANDHASSTARTED111INVESTIGATIONS,42INVOLVETHECHINESEMAINLANDANDHONGKONG,ONLYIN2005TOTHEPRESENTINITIATEANINVESTIGATIONOF11INTHEFIVEINVOLVEDINTHECHINESEMAINLANDANDHONGKONGTYPESOF337PROCEDURESTOINVESTIGATEPRODUCTSANDINTELLECTUALPROPERTYVERYEXTENSIVEAB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关进口调查是ITC经常进行的几项重要调查。您能具体说说它们的区别吗DEANNATANNEROKUN一，进口损害调查ITC有权决定基于美国众多的贸易法进口产品是否对于美国相关产业造成损害或具有损害威胁。ITC的进13损害调查包括反倾销和反补贴关税调查及根据1930年关税法第七章进行五年日落审查；根据1974年贸易法案进行全球安全措施免责条款，中国安全措施及市场破坏调查；根据1994年北美自由贸易协议NAFTA实施法案302节进行双边安全措施调查；以及根据农业调整法案第22节进行的调查。委员们根据相关法律要求和每一调查中的事实记载来对进EL损害调查作出决定，将其对于进EL损害调查的观点公布并接受司法审查。在每一个调查中，ITC和调查人员团队包括一名监督调查员。一名调查员一名会计师或审计师。一名经济师，一名商业分析家和一名律师制作一份完整的该调查行业国内市场竞争条件报告。委员们和调查团队应用多种事实搜集技巧，包括但不限于具体行业问卷调查，电话采访，工厂参观，技术和市场专家咨询，当事人陈述，公众听证以及回顾行业和市场文献。调查团队在每次调查中都搜集和分析广泛的数据然后向ITC提交一份客观综合的报告。报告中的数据包括但不限于行业生产能力，实际产量，利用能力，国内和出EL货物，库存进13，美国和国外供货者所占的美国市场份额劳动力情况，工作小时生产力，工资支付的全部报酬，单位人工花费定价，分销渠道，及美国相关行业的全部财务数据。有些国外生产相关产品行业的数据也被搜集和进行分析。在进EL损害调查过程中，ITC成员和美国商务部官员，美国关税服务人员，调查当事人及其律师，美国相关产品生产公司负责人，进13商，产品购买商等一同工作。另外国会成员经常通过参加损害听证来将他们的意见和观点加入到调查报告中。在2003年国会成员就进ITC损害调查的相关事宜在ITC露面达51次之多。二，反倾销反补贴关税调查和五年日落审查根据1930年关税法案第七章规定，美国相关行业可以就在美国市场上低于公平价值的进13销售倾销或从外国政府的补贴中受益补贴请求政府进行救济。倾销和补贴被认为是不公平贸易行为。根据法律，美国商务部决定倾销或补助是否存在，如果存在，倾销和补助的额度是多少。ITC决定倾销或补助的进口产品是否对美国工业造成实质损害或存在实质损害的威胁。如果两个机构就各自的问题都给出肯定的最终裁决，商务部将就倾销发布征收反倾销税命令或就补贴征收反补贴关税的命令。在颁布五年后，商务部应当取消反倾销或反补贴税的征收令或者终止暂停协议，除非商务部认为取消关税征收令或终止暂停协议可能导致倾销或补贴的继续或重新开始同时ITC认为取消关税征收令或终止暂停协议后，在合理的可预见时期内倾销或补贴可能继续或重新开始。在2003年有41个第七章,项下的请求被提出。其中大部分是关于倾销的41项中的35项。这些请求包括了众多的产品例如可延展的铁管装置存储器存储器模块，精练棕铝氧化物，陶制电台柱形绝缘体，预应力的水泥钢丝绳索，荧光刷白防锈剂,水流磁力断流器，彩色电视接收器,蜡树脂转换带，聚乙烯零售手提袋,四氢糠醇,烫衣架，电解二氧化锰，透明矩形管。ITC还完成了2002年立案的多起案件。三，全球安全措施调查根据1974年贸易法案201节，进口产品造成严重损害或存在严重损害威胁的国内工业可以提请ITC减少进口。201节并未像反倾销反补贴关税法规定的那样要求找出存在不公平贸易的行为。如果ITC在201调查中作出肯定的决定，它将会向总统推荐减少进口从而弥补损害，便于国内工业针对进口竞争进行调整。总统最终决定是否进行救济，以及救济的幅度。其中2003年，ITC提出了三起针对中国措施的调查。它们包括钢管衣架，汽车制动鼓和回转轴，和可延伸的铁制喷水装置。这些都是依据2000年美国一中国关系法案将421节加入1974年贸易法案同时施行关于中国加入世界贸易组织中美协议中的过渡期双边安全措施条款，故又称中国安全措施调查。根据该